Naina Yeltsina was born on March 14, 1932 in the village of Titovka, Orenburg region. After graduating from school, she entered the Ural federal university. Five years later she received a diploma in the specialty “Civil Engineer”. Then for one year she worked as an assigned civil engineer in Orenburg. From 1956 to 1985, she held the position of chief engineer of the project, and later became the head of the group at the Vodokanalproekt Institute in Sverdlovsk.
The girl met her future husband Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin while studying at the institute. They got married in 1956. The young family settled in Yekaterinburg. Almost thirty years later the family moved to live in Moscow. The marriage produced two daughters: Elena and Tatyana.
After Boris Yeltsin was elected the first president by popular vote in 1991 Russian Federation, Naina Iosifovna became the “first lady”. The woman accompanied her husband on official visits abroad, participated in various protocol events, and provided charitable care to children's and school institutions and hospitals.
In 1999, Naina Yeltsina was awarded the international Oliver Prize in the category “For Humanism of the Heart” and was awarded the Olympia Prize for “Honor and Dignity.” This is the only Russian award that recognizes the achievements of modern women taking part in business, politics, art, culture and science.
Naina Iosifovna was widowed on April 23, 2007. Her husband, Boris Nikolaevich, died at the age of 77 due to cardiac arrest. The funeral took place at Novodevichy Cemetery. Sergei Sobyanin, Dmitry Medvedev, Vladimir Putin and the heads of foreign countries. They lived together for a little over fifty years.
In 2008, the former first lady joined the board of trustees of the Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center. He devotes a lot of time to his family: children and grandchildren, and also takes an active part in the activities of the Foundation of the first President of Russia Boris Yeltsin.
In the fall of 2015, the Yeltsin Presidential Center opened in Yekaterinburg, where there is a museum with personal items former president Russia. For example, a statement of resignation from the party, a pen with which he signed decrees, and a diploma of graduation from the institute.
In the summer of 2017, a series of presentations of Naina Yeltsina’s memoirs took place. The book, entitled “Personal Life,” took five years to write. This period is explained by the author’s desire to create a work describing family and everyday details without a touch of politics.
On April 23, 2018, under Naina Yeltsina, a monument to Boris Yeltsin was unveiled on the “Alley of Rulers” in Moscow. The author of the bust was Zurab Tsereteli.
Naina Yeltsina Awards
Order of the Holy Great Martyr Catherine (March 14, 2017) - for great contribution to the implementation of socially significant humanitarian programs and active participation in charitable activities
In 1999 she was awarded the international Oliver Prize - “For the humanism of the heart.” The prize is awarded by the Frank Foundation for International Child Aid
In 2005 she was awarded the National Olympia Prize in the category “Honor and Dignity”. This is the only prize in Russia that recognizes the achievements of outstanding contemporaries in politics, business, science, art and culture.
1991-1993
President - Yeltsin (married to a Jewish woman).
Naina Iosifovna Yeltsina, Jewish wife of former Russian President Boris Yeltsin
Presidential Adviser on Economic Affairs Livshits is a Jew.
Throughout Yeltsin's reign (1991-1999), most of his advisers were Jews.
Heads of the Presidential Administration Filatov, Chubais, Voloshin - all Jews
GOVERNMENT
Minister of Economy - Yassin - Jew
Deputy Minister of Economics - Urinson - Jew
Minister of Finance - Panskov - Jew
Deputy Minister of Finance - Vavilov - Jew
Chairman of the Central Bank - Paramonova - Jewish
Minister of Foreign Affairs - Kozyrev - Jew
Minister of Energy - Shafrannik - Jew
Minister of Communications - Bulgak - Jew
Minister for natural resources- Danilov-Danilyan - Jew
Minister of Transport - Efimov - Jew
Minister of Health - Nechaev - Jew
Minister of Science - Saltykov - Jew
Minister of Culture - Sidorov - Jew
PROPAGANDA POWER
Chairman of the Media Committee - Gryzunov - Jew
PRESS
"Izvestia" - Golembiovsky - Jew
“Komsomolskaya Pravda” - Fronin is a Jew
“Moskovsky Komsomolets” - Gusev (Drabkin) - Jew
“Arguments and Facts” - Starkov - Jew
“Labor” - Potapov - Jew
"Moscow News" - Karpinsky - Jew
“Kommersant” - Yakovlev (Ginsburg) - Jew
"New Look" - Dodolev - Jew
"Nezavisimaya Gazeta" - Tretyakov - Jew
“Evening Moscow” - Lisin - Jew
“Literary Newspaper” - Udaltsov is a Jew
"Glasnost" - Izyumov - a Jew
“Interlocutor” - Kozlov - Jew
“Rural Life” - Kharlamov is a Jew.
“Top Secret” - Borovik is a Jew.
TELEVISION AND RADIO:
State TV and Radio Company, Ostankino - A. Yakovlev - Jew.
Russian television and radio company - Poptsov is a Jew.
1996-1999 - “SEMIBANKERSCHINA”.
There is no point in talking about the government.
All Russian finances were concentrated in the hands of Jews.
The country was ruled by seven bankers, six of whom were Jews:
1. Aven - Jew,
2. Berezovsky is a Jew,
3. Gusinsky is a Jew,
4. Potanin (according to Potanin, the data varies).
5. Smolensky is a Jew,
6. Friedman is a Jew,
7. Khodorkovsky is a Jew.
The heads of the Presidential Administration are Jews: Chubais, Voloshin and the Daughter of the President (a new position for the Jewish authorities) Tatyana Dyachenko (according to Jewish law - Halakha, as the daughter of a Jewish woman - a Jew).
Political education - Central Jewish Resource - claims that Putin's mother: "...tired of constant moving, she left Pechersky and married the Jew Epstein (he, Epstein, took his wife's last name), who adopted Vova Putin - Putin's father."
The electronic newspaper “Petersburg News” wrote: “PUTIN HAS ALREADY SAID THAT THE JEWS HAVE LONG AVOIDED SYMPATHY IN HIM, and he happily recalls how he grew up in a communal apartment on Baskov Lane among Jewish neighbors, the sweetest and most pleasant people.”
Putin's wife, Lyudmila Abramovna (Alexandrovna) Shkrebneva is Jewish,
daughter of Ekaterina Tikhonovna (Mikhailovna) Shkrebneva,
daughter of the Jew Alexander (Abram) Avraamovich Shkrebnev
GOVERNMENT, STATE DUMA
Now the Jews have simply bought up the entire cabinet of ministers and deputies.
STATE MONOPOLY:
Chairman of the Board of RAO UES of Russia - Chubais - Jew
Chairman of the Management Board of OJSC GAZPROM - Miller - Jew
PROPAGANDA POWER.
During Putin's tenure as President of the Russian Federation, there was a concentration of the Mass Media in the hands of Jews, who deliberately identify the small Jewish diaspora with the concept of the state. They say, for example: “In the hands of the state.” Jews are hiding, afraid of reprisals.
Data is provided only for “state” channels or channels controlled by companies with controlling stake shares of the “state”. Most of them are under the control of Jewish presenters, who invite the appropriate “experts” supported by Jews:
“Times” (Channel 1) - Posner is a Jew.
“To the Barrier” (NTV) - Solovyov is a Jew.
“Sunday Evening” (NTV) - Solovyov (by the way, Vladimir Rudolfovich, based on his fanatical passion for Jewish mystical teaching - Kabbalah, went crazy, that’s why the program starts at 22.22) - Jew
“What to do” (Culture) - Tretyakov - Jew
“Meanwhile” (Culture) - Arkhangelsky - Jew
“Cultural Revolution” (Culture) - Shvydkoy - Jew
“Versts” (TVC) - Mlechin - Jew
“Week” (REN-TV) - Maksimovskaya is Jewish.
IN official biography Naina Iosifovna Yeltsina, the widow of the former president of Russia, is said to have been born into a large Russian family of Old Believers Joseph and Maria Girin.
Place of birth - the small village of Titovka in Orenburg region. Parents were employees. The family is quite wealthy.
Yeltsin's biographers always focused on the fact that the entire Girin family was very religious. It was strictly forbidden not only to drink alcohol in the house, but also to swear. This explained Naina Iosifovna’s high moral qualities, her penchant for charity, as well as her ability to endure the difficult character and eternal employment of her late, now sovereign husband.
National question
Boris Yeltsin always said that his wife was Russian. However, supporters of the “Jewish version” of the origin of the President’s wife think differently. They argue that the very names “Iosif” (Iosif Alekseevich, the father of Yeltsin’s wife) and “Naina” are of Jewish origin, and are very common in Jewish families. Naina means "innocent".
Yeltsina indicated that she was named Anastasia at birth, but all her relatives called her Naina. She got used to this name. Having matured, at the age of 25 she went to the registry office and wrote an application asking to change her name to a more familiar one. Since then, in all her documents it is not “Anastasia Iosifovna”, but “Naina Iosifovna”.
Another sister of Naina Iosifovna was called Rosa, another common name in Jewish families. The remaining names of the children of the Girin spouses are Russian: Vladimir, Vitaly, Maria, Anatoly, Leonid. The Girin family clearly had a tradition of calling their offspring by both Russian and Jewish names.
Mixed marriages
It may seem strange where the daughter of Russian Old Believers could find a Jewish groom (if we take into account the “Jewish version”). But the statistics are inexorable. In the Orenburg region, where the Girins lived, there was always a very mixed population. Russians, Tatars, Mordovians, Kazakhs, Belarusians, Germans, Ukrainians, Poles and several other nationalities lived there - and still live to this day.
There were many Jews among them. According to the 1959 census, there are 8,716 people. So Maria Fedorovna Girina, Naina Iosifovna’s mother, had many chances to marry a Jew. It is likely that Joseph not only took the bride’s surname, but also adopted her faith. In mixed marriages, quite often one of the spouses adopts the religion and views of the other.
In addition, history knows many examples when Jews, having married a non-Christian, take his surname in order to avoid persecution according to their religion. national question. Obviously, this happened with the Girins too. There is no 100% reliable evidence of this, since neither the pedigree nor the origin story of Naina Iosifovna has been published anywhere.
At the same time, from the point of view of the Jews themselves, Naina Iosifovna can no longer be considered a Jew. Orthodox Jews are very strict about maintaining blood purity and always strive to marry only their own (Jews). Among Jews, it is believed that “Jewish” genes are transmitted through the maternal line. A Jewish man who marries a non-Jew deprives his children of the right to be considered Jews. Moreover, if he was baptized and raised his children in Orthodoxy. So, according to Jewish laws, Naina Iosifovna is not a Jew.
The significance of the personality of Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin in Russian history is very great. You can treat it differently, but you can’t ignore it. President Yeltsin is assessed differently. Some say that he brought Russia out of a severe crisis and prevented the country from completely falling in the world rankings. Some criticize Yeltsin's policies and blame him for the impoverishment of the population, a sharp decline in living standards and other hardships that befell Russians during the difficult period of the early nineties.
So what is memorable about the Federation's reign? What were the main stages of Yeltsin’s biography? How did his rise come about? What is known about the Yeltsin family? What legacy did he leave behind? The answers to these and many other questions will become available to the reader after reading the article dedicated to this bright personality.
Yeltsin's birthplace
Yeltsin's biography begins in the village of Butka, which is located in the southern part of the Sverdlovsk region and is part of the Talitsky district. However, Boris Nikolayevich cannot be called a native Butkovite with complete confidence.
The fact is that the family of the future leader of the Russian Federation lived in the neighboring village of Basmanovo. In terms of population, Basmanovo was inferior to Butka. Consequently, the medical center where the birth took place was located in Butka. Thus, Yeltsin’s biography began here on February 1, 1931.
By the way, the birthplace of Boris Yeltsin is the subject of heated debate between residents of two neighboring villages. Each of them seeks to attribute this distinctive feature to yourself.
Boris Nikolaevich’s parents did not stand out in any way from the Soviet people of that period, that is, they honestly engaged in simple labor. Russian by nationality, the Yeltsins worked in production.
Hero's father
Nikolai Ignatievich Yeltsin, the father of the hero of this article, was an ordinary builder and worked hard for the benefit of his family. However, it often happens that children have to pay for the “sins” of their ancestors.
Nikolai Ignatievich's parents were wealthy peasants and had several farm laborers on their farm - poor peasants who worked for food and monetary compensation. By cultivating a substantial plot of land, the Yeltsins managed to Civil War accumulate money and become enemies of the proletariat. That is why Nikolai Ignatievich suffered from the repressive totalitarian Soviet machine.
It is worth paying tribute to Boris Yeltsin’s father - he did not break. After serving his sentence in Volgo-Don and being amnestied for exemplary behavior, Nikolai Yeltsin returned to his homeland and was able to begin his labor activity With clean slate. Thanks to his natural diligence and determination, he was able to build a good career - he became the head of an enterprise specializing in the construction of residential and commercial facilities. The career can be called phenomenal, given the repressive past of a man who lived in a time when children were judged by their parents.
It is known that a child borrows a significant part of his character from his parents. This happened in this case too. It was this innate impenetrability and inflexibility that was passed on from father to son and was demonstrated more than once in the future by Boris Nikolaevich.
Boris Nikolaevich's mother
Claudia Vasilievna Yeltsin ( maiden name- Starygina) can be called an ordinary Soviet worker. For most of her life, Klavdia Vasilievna was engaged in cutting and sewing, working as a dressmaker.
Childhood and youth
The next stage of Yeltsin's biography includes school years future leader. At all at a young age(not even five years old) Boris Yeltsin had to go through a move to the city of Bereznyaki, which is located in the Perm region.
During his school years, the hero of the article was already distinguished by a strong character and pronounced leadership qualities, which he only developed over time. These words are confirmed by the fact that Boris Yeltsin was appointed and did a good job with this responsible work.
From the surviving document on Yeltsin's education - the matriculation certificate - it is clear that he studied well and was far from a stupid student. With firm confidence one could classify him as a drummer. The future leader had excellent grades in many subjects. He achieved particular success in teaching subjects such as algebra, geometry, trigonometry, natural science, geography, the Constitution of the USSR, astronomy, foreign language(German). In other subjects, Yeltsin received a solid "good". However, Boris Nikolaevich was often let down by discipline.
This man could not be called an exemplary boy and an impeccable student. Not once or twice future head state was seen in fights, in which he easily won thanks to his impressive physical characteristics and wrestling character. Peers respected Boris Nikolaevich, and some were openly afraid.
It was during his school years that Boris Nikolaevich lost two fingers (and partly the phalanx of the third), which he wrote about in his memoirs. While playing as a schoolchild in nature, he discovered an unexploded fascist grenade, which turned out to be loaded. Instead of throwing it and running away, Boris Nikolaevich tried to dismantle it and neutralize it. The consequence of this attempt was a serious injury to his left hand, which remained with Yeltsin for the rest of his life.
Getting higher education
It was because of this circumstance (the absence of several fingers on his hand) that Boris Yeltsin was not accepted to serve in Soviet army. The young man had to immediately go to college. Higher education Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin received his degree from the Ural Polytechnic Institute. Considering the inclination towards the exact sciences, demonstrated by Yeltsin when mastering the school educational program, they decided to enroll in the then prestigious specialty of civil engineer. In addition, this profession was already traditional in the family of the future head of state. Yeltsin’s father also connected his life with construction.
An interesting part of Yeltsin's biography is his sporting achievements. While digging into the “granite of science,” Boris Nikolaevich found time in his life to play sports. Due to his tall stature and athletic build, Boris Nikolaevich chose volleyball. It should be noted that the usual passion for this game sport gradually grew into something more over the years of study at the institute. Thus, without having three fingers on his left hand, Yeltsin was able to fulfill the standard of Master of Sports of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and receive the coveted badge. Over time, Boris Nikolaevich was entrusted with coaching the institute’s women’s volleyball team.
To the handsome and cute young man Many students' gazes were fixed. With one of them, Anastasia (Naina) Girina, the future president united his life forever, forming a strong and lasting family. At first, the young people simply kept sympathy for each other in their hearts, trying not to pay attention to them. But after some time, Boris Nikolaevich realized that this was more than just sympathy - real and strong love, there is no escape from it.
Labor activity
After graduating from the Ural Polytechnic Institute, Boris Nikolaevich began his career in his chosen path - construction. The hero of the article got a job at the Sverdlovsk Construction Trust, tightly connecting his future fate and career.
The young and promising construction specialist immediately attracted attention and began to confidently climb the career ladder. This circumstance was facilitated by the fact that since 1961 Boris Nikolaevich was a full member of the Communist Party. At that time, this circumstance played a very important (and perhaps decisive) role. By joining the CPSU, a person received a “start in life.” Without membership Communist Party It was reckless to count on a successful career.
Boris Nikolaevich (thanks to the qualities and conditions described above) quickly climbed the career ladder. From a simple engineer, Yeltsin grew into a chief engineer. A few years later, the promising boss became the head of the Sverdlovsk house-building plant.
Looking ahead, it should be noted that most of Yeltsin’s life was connected with construction. This area of activity marked the main milestones of both the labor and political career of the future president.
Beginning of a political career
With entry into the CPSU, Boris Nikolaevich's political career begins. An active life position and the ability to achieve goals no matter what contributed to political career Yeltsin.
The first step on the ladder of party work, which led Boris Nikolaevich to the leadership of the state, was election to the Kirov district committee of the CPSU. This fact allowed Yeltsin to delegate to the CPSU conference of the Sverdlovsk region.
Elevation
In 1968, Boris Nikolaevich’s production career ended. Party functionaries noticed the talented leader, and Sverdlovsky became Yeltsin’s new place of work regional committee CPSU. The sphere entrusted to Yeltsin was quite consistent with his life and work experience - construction.
Seven years later, Boris Nikolaevich receives new position- Secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU. With the promotion, the area of responsibility of the hero of the article has also expanded significantly. Now Yeltsin was responsible for the development of industry in the Sverdlovsk region - one of the most promising regions of the country.
In 1976, Boris Nikolaevich actually became the first person of the Sverdlovsk region - First Secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU. The young (for a man who held such a high position) forty-five-year-old leader actively took up the development of the region. During the years of Yeltsin's rule, significant changes took place in the region: the food supply of the region improved, facilities were built Agriculture and industrial purposes, strategically important car roads. One of the most striking and memorable buildings built in Yekaterinburg under the leadership of the region, Boris Nikolaevich, is the new building of the regional committee of the CPSU, which at that time became the tallest in the city. The height of the building is twenty-four floors, which gives the building an impressive and majestic appearance.
Popularly elected president
Yeltsin's further career developed rapidly and rapidly. Since 1978, he was a member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and since 1984 he was a member of its Presidium.
Some time later, Yeltsin became the First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU (speaking modern language- Head of the city of Moscow). During this period of time, he finds himself in a whirlwind of political manipulations and movements, the result of which is a sharp break in relations with the CPSU and a rapid increase in the popularity of the leader. From a party functionary, Yeltsin turned into an alternative leader of the state. The struggle for power, the details of which does not seem appropriate, makes Boris Yeltsin President of the RSFSR on June 12, 1991. Originated on a short time The dualism of power quickly faded away and ended with Yeltsin becoming the sole leader of the state.
Power did not pass to him by inheritance (as during the period of autocracy). He was not appointed as the leader of the country by the top of the party nomenklatura. Yeltsin entered forever national history as a president elected by the people.
For a second term
Decay Soviet Union and the radical reforms that followed did not help strengthen Yeltsin's rating as president. The situation was aggravated by the war in the Chechen Republic, which many call the result of Yeltsin’s ill-conceived policy in matters of granting regions independence from the center.
But in 1996, Yeltsin still won a majority of votes in the elections and was elected to a second term. However, the situation in the country continued to deteriorate. The state's external debt grew, and calls for Yeltsin's resignation were increasingly heard. The health of the leader of the state was rapidly deteriorating.
Leaving the Kremlin
The result of the totality of all the described circumstances was Yeltsin’s decision to resign from the post of President of the Russian Federation. The announcement of this decision was made during the New Year's address on December 31, 1999. The outgoing president named Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin as his successor.
On April 23, 2007, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin died. When this happened, national mourning was declared by decree of the President of the Russian Federation. Russia said goodbye to its first president.
During the years of Yeltsin's rule, Russia experienced one of the most severe shocks in its history. modern history. The political structure has changed, great changes have occurred in the country's economy. It is obvious that an adequate assessment of the activities of the first president can only be given after some time. Only one thing is obvious - Yeltsin found himself at the helm at an extremely difficult time for the country and did what he considered right.
About the Yeltsin family
Boris and Naina Yeltsin have two daughters - and the latter is the head of the Foundation of the first President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin.
Yeltsin's legacy
In order to preserve the historical legacy of the activities of the first president of the Russian Federation, the Yeltsin Presidential Center was created - a non-profit organization that brings together many influential people modern Russia. The organization's objectives include supporting projects in the fields of education, culture and charity.
Many organizations and streets in populated areas are named after the first president. Monuments to him have been erected in a number of places. It is quite obvious that Yeltsin is the most prominent figure in the life of the country during the collapse of the USSR and the formation of a new state.
Naina Iosifovna came to the capital of the Urals to meet with students of her native university, lay flowers at the monument to Boris Nikolaevich and visit international tournament volleyball for the Yeltsin Cup
Naina Iosifovna, today you presented scholarships from the first President of Russia Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin to UrFU students. What wishes do you have for fellows?
I wish they were good professionals. You can already feel it now. This is the 14th time I have awarded these scholarships, and year after year I see that our youth are getting better and better. This is natural, because life changes for the better. Of course, there is such computer science all around, such a good base at the university. Therefore, they are already engaged in scientific work as students. In general, I think that our native university, which I myself graduated from, always came out very good specialists, and they were taken into account wherever they worked.
- By the way, when you were studying, what was the scholarship? What was it enough for?
We had it for 20 rubles. Then - 200 rubles. They lived very modestly. Lunch in our student cafeteria, for example, cost 30-40 kopecks. For some, their parents helped. There were some conditions then, but now they are different. There are always problems when you are a student. We must put up with this and come out of it with dignity. Many guys worked for us: they unloaded something if they needed to earn money. And now they are doing the same. But now, perhaps, parents have more opportunities to help their children.
You visit Yekaterinburg quite often. Don’t want to move here to see students from your home university more often?
But there (in Moscow, - Ed.) my children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren! I can’t bring everyone here because they work there. I would like to come here more often, of course. For me it hometown(Ekaterinburg, - Ed.), motherland. Even when I come here for a short time, the charge of life is enough for me for months there in Moscow.
- Do you follow the events that are currently happening in Yekaterinburg?
I watch television just like you. I have no other information. In general, I am glad that the city is being built, and is becoming prettier, and the conditions here are different. And I will try to make it even better here. For example, if I communicate with management, I always say: “Make our region better.” It should always be better, because we are Urals.
- At the presentation of scholarships, you said that you want to open a club of scholarship recipients...
I don't want. I was the one who consulted. If they support me... It’s not me who will do this. I'm too old now. I understand that people come here (to the Yeltsin Center - Ed.) with pleasure, to give lectures, but the Yeltsin Fellows... why don’t they come here later to give lectures? They will be able to speak on absolutely all problems. This is a platform for communication and, thank God, that our center is in demand and that here people receive truthful information.
- How do you feel about people who criticize your husband?
Well, there are, of course, those who want to say something negative. Well, God is their judge. Now they sometimes say that Boris Nikolaevich and Gorbachev destroyed the USSR. But Boris Nikolaevich was no longer working with Gorbachev at that moment. Back in 1987, he was already out of work, so how could he, without working in power, ruin something? Now it’s easy to say that people are left without work. But it is not our fault - our generation - that this happened in 1991. This is a question for the government that was working then. Then the country was rebuilt from scratch. All republics had a share of independence, because they had their own central committee. But in Russia we didn’t have this power, we didn’t have the rights like in other republics, so it was much more difficult for us. Everything can be said now. What can you do? Time will show.
DOSSIER "KP":
Naina Iosifovna Yeltsina (nee Girina) was born on March 14, 1932 in the village of Titovka, Orenburg Region. In 1955 she graduated from the construction department of the Ural Polytechnic Institute named after. CM. Kirov in Sverdlovsk. There she met her future husband, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin. From 1955 to 1956 she worked as a civil engineer in Orenburg. In 1956 she married Boris Yeltsin. From 1956 to 1987, she worked as the chief engineer of the project, after which she became the head of the institute’s group “ Vodokanalproekt» in Sverdlovsk. She retired at 55.