The UN, as the most universal international organization, includes a number of bodies and international organizations.

Economic issues occupy a prominent place in the activities of the UN General Assembly, the most representative body of this most authoritative international organization. The main UN body coordinating all economic, social and cultural activities is the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). Its competence also includes humanitarian issues.

The Council consists of 54 members who are elected by the UN General Assembly for a three-year period. A third of the members are elected each year. The Council has established the following standards of representation: Asia - 11, Africa - 14, Eastern Europe - 6, Western Europe - 13, Latin America - 10. Council meetings are held alternately in New York and Geneva. Decisions in ECOSOC are made by a simple majority, each council member has one vote, and no country has a veto. ECOSOC consists of three sessional committees: First (economic), Second (social), Third (programs and cooperation). All Council members serve on each of these committees.

The council has 5 UN regional commissions: Economic Commission for Europe (Geneva, Switzerland), Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific Ocean(Bangkok, Thailand), Economic Commission for Africa (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia), Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (Santiago, Chile), Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (Beirut, Lebanon). Regional economic organizations study the economic and social problems of the respective regions and develop recommendations, and also carry out research, advisory and information-analytical functions.

In 1964 The UN General Assembly established the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). UNCTAD's headquarters are located in Geneva. The number of members of the organization exceeds 190. This organization is designed to consider the entire range of issues related to international trade and development, including the principles of exchange and trade in raw materials and industrial goods, financing of development projects, issues of external debt, and technology transfer to developing countries. UNCTAD pays considerable attention to the situation of the least developed countries.

The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) operates in 166 countries, established in 1965, with headquarters in New York. The main task of this organization is defined as assisting countries in sharing knowledge and global development experience in order to improve their socio-economic situation. UNDP compiles and publishes the Human Development Report annually. One of the main indicators of these reports is the “human development index”, which summarizes data on three main indicators:

• a) life expectancy of a healthy person
• b) level of education
• c) standard of living

Table 1. UN special agencies Grechnikova I.N. International economic organizations: regulation of world economic relations and business activities - Consultbanker, 2000. - p.50.

Title in Russian	Year of creation or establishment	Location
International Labor Organization, ILO
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO
World Health Organization, WHO
World Bank Group International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, IBRD International Association development, IDA International Finance Corporation, IFC Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, MIGA International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes, ICSID		Washington Washington Washington Washington Washington
International currency board, IMF		Washington
International Civil Aviation Organization, ICAO		Montreal
Universal Postal Union, UPU
International Telecommunication Union, ITU
World Meteorological Organization, WMO
International Maritime Organization, IMO
World Intellectual Property Organization, WIPO
International Fund for Agricultural Development, IFAD
United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO

As can be seen from the table, some international organizations appeared much earlier than the UN and only later received the status of specialized agencies. For example, the ILO, which became the first specialized agency of the UN, 1946.

The ILO develops international policies and programs in the field of labor relations, adopts international labor standards, promotes their adoption by member countries, and assists in organizing vocational education and training.

The ILO has a unique character: in preparing decisions on equal conditions Representatives of governments, workers and entrepreneurs participate. The main body of the ILO is international Conference Labor Council, where each country is represented by four delegates, is convened at least once a year. Each delegate votes individually.

UNIDO acquired the status of a specialized agency of the United Nations in 1985. UNIDO's main efforts are aimed at mobilizing knowledge, skills, information and technology to create new jobs, economic competitiveness and environmentally safe and sustainable economic development. All this should help reduce global poverty.

UNIDO activities are carried out in the form of:

• a) integrated programs
• b) individual projects.

The main sources of funds for the implementation of projects through UNIDO are the United Nations Development Program.

In the financial and banking sector, a prominent place is occupied by specialized UN agencies - the IMF and organizations included in the World Bank Group.

April 25 marks the 65th anniversary of the day when delegates from 50 countries gathered in San Francisco for the United Nations conference on the creation of an international organization - the UN. During the conference, delegates prepared a charter of 111 articles, which was adopted on June 25.

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization of states created to maintain and strengthen international peace, security, and develop cooperation between countries.

The name United Nations, proposed by United States President Franklin Roosevelt, was first used in the Declaration of the United Nations on January 1, 1942, when, during World War II, representatives of 26 states pledged on behalf of their governments to continue the joint struggle against the countries of the Nazi bloc.

The first contours of the UN were outlined at a conference in Washington at the Dumbarton Oaks mansion. In two series of meetings held from September 21 to October 7, 1944, the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and China agreed on the goals, structure, and functions of the world organization.

On February 11, 1945, after meetings in Yalta, the leaders of the United States, Great Britain and the USSR, Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin, declared their determination to establish “a universal international organization for the maintenance of peace and security.”

On April 25, 1945, representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on the Establishment of an International Organization to develop the UN Charter.

Delegates from countries representing over 80% of the world's population gathered in San Francisco. The Conference was attended by 850 delegates, along with their advisors, delegation staff and the Conference secretariat total number the number of persons taking part in the work of the Conference reached 3,500. In addition, there were more than 2,500 representatives of the press, radio and newsreels, as well as observers from various societies and organizations. The San Francisco Conference was not only one of the most important in history, but in all likelihood also the largest international gathering ever held.

The agenda of the Conference included proposals developed by representatives of China, the Soviet Union, Great Britain and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, on the basis of which the delegates were to develop a Charter acceptable to all states.

The Charter was signed on June 26, 1945 by representatives of 50 countries. Poland, not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became the 51st founding state.

The UN has officially existed since October 24, 1945. - to this day the Charter was ratified by China, France, Soviet Union, Great Britain, the United States and most of the other signatory states. October 24 is celebrated annually as United Nations Day.

The preamble to the Charter speaks of the determination of the peoples of the United Nations to “save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.”

The purposes of the UN, as enshrined in its Charter, are the maintenance of international peace and security, the prevention and elimination of threats to peace, and the suppression of acts of aggression, the settlement or resolution by peaceful means of international disputes, the development of friendly relations between nations based on respect for the principle of equality and self-determination of peoples; implementation of international cooperation in economic, social, cultural and humanitarian fields, promotion and development of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction of race, gender, language and religion.

UN members have pledged to act in accordance with the following principles: sovereign equality states; resolution of international disputes by peaceful means; refusal international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.

192 states of the world are members of the UN.

Main organs of the UN:
- The UN General Assembly (UNGA) is the main deliberative body, consisting of representatives of all UN member states (each of them has 1 vote).
- The UN Security Council operates constantly. According to the Charter, the Security Council is entrusted with primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. If all ways of peaceful resolution of the conflict have been used, the Security Council is competent to send observers or troops to maintain peace in conflict areas in order to ease tension and separate the troops of the warring parties.

Over the entire existence of the UN, UN peacekeeping forces have carried out about 40 peacekeeping operations.
- The UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is authorized to conduct research and compile reports on international issues in the field of economic, social, culture, education, health, human rights, ecology, etc., and make recommendations to the General Assembly on any of them.
- international Court The UN, the main judicial body established in 1945, resolves legal disputes between states with their consent and provides advisory opinions on legal issues.
- The UN Secretariat was created to ensure proper conditions for the organization’s activities. The secretariat is headed by the main administrative executive UN - UN Secretary General (since January 1, 2007 - Ban Ki-moon (Korea).

The UN has a number of its own specialized agencies - international intergovernmental organizations on economic, social and humanitarian issues (UNESCO, WHO, FAO, IMF, ILO, UNIDO and others) associated with the UN, through ECOSOC, and international agreements. Most UN members are members of UN specialized agencies.

IN common system The UN also includes autonomous organizations such as the World trade Organization(WTO) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

The official languages ​​of the UN and its organizations are English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and French.

The UN headquarters is located in New York.

The UN is a Nobel Peace Prize winner. In 2001, the award “For contribution to the creation of a more organized world and the strengthening of world peace” was awarded jointly to the organization and its Secretary General Kofi Annan. In 1988 Nobel Prize received peace Peacekeeping forces UN.

The material was prepared based on information from open sources

Before talking about the international economic organizations of the UN, it is necessary to find out what the United Nations itself is.

The UN is an international organization of states created to maintain and strengthen peace, security, develop friendly relations and ensure cooperation between states. The UN Charter was preliminary developed at the Dumbarton Oaks conference in 1944 by representatives of the USA, USSR, Great Britain and China, and then at the founding conference in San Francisco it was signed on June 24, 1945 by 51 countries. The Charter came into force on October 24, 1945. At the end of 1999, 188 states of the world were members of the UN.

The main organs of the UN are the following:

General Assembly (GA);

Security Council (SC);

Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC);

Guardianship Council (CO);

International Court;

Secretariat, Secretary General, High Commissioner for Human Rights.

The UN headquarters is located in New York. The official languages ​​of the UN are English, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and French, and Arabic is also the official language of the General Assembly, Security Council and Economic and Social Council.

UN Information Centers operate in 65 countries in Europe, America, Africa and the Asia-Pacific region. The necessary information can also be obtained directly in New York.

The main body of the UN is the General Assembly, which consists of representatives of member states, each of which has one vote. The GA is authorized to discuss and make recommendations within the Charter on issues international security and peace, international cooperation in the political, economic, social, cultural spheres, on human rights and fundamental freedoms. In addition, the GA determines the UN policy, its program, approves the budget, and holds conferences on important issues.

The Security Council consists of 15 members: 5 permanent members (UK, China, Russia, USA and France) and 10 members elected by the General Assembly for two years. The Security Council is the only UN body that can make decisions binding on all UN members. In the event of an exacerbation of crises or armed conflicts, the Security Council uses a number of measures to resolve them by peaceful means - makes recommendations, appoints a special commissioner, determines the principles of peaceful settlement, etc. When the warring parties are not ready to participate in the peace process of negotiations, the Security Council can take coercive measures not related to the use military force, - economic sanctions, embargoes, blockades, etc. If non-military sanctions are insufficient, then the Security Council makes decisions to impose military sanctions, and then UN members provide their armed forces to carry out military sanctions under overall command. Groups of ORN observers and UN peacekeeping forces, the so-called “blue helmets,” are sent to the conflict area.

The Economic and Social Council is the main body for coordinating economic and social activities The UN also has functions and powers in the field of human rights. ECOSOC consists of 54 members who are elected for three-year terms based on geographical representation, with 18 being re-elected annually. To carry out its tasks, it has several auxiliary committees and working groups. ECOSOC meets twice a year in New York and Geneva.

The Trusteeship Council was created for the purpose of promoting the progress of the people of the Trust Territories and their progressive development towards self-government and independence. Initially there were 11 trust territories. But the process of decolonization since the 1960s has gradually led to a reduction in their number, and the latest of them is Palau ( Pacific Islands) - gained independence in 1994 from the hands of the United States. Therefore, the Secretary General in 1994 recommended the dissolution of this body, which had suspended its activities.

The International Sui was created in 1945 and, according to the UN Charter, is the main legal body of the United Nations. The court is located in The Hague and consists of 15 members elected for a nine-year term with the right to be re-elected; Re-elections of a third of the court's composition take place every three years. The International Court of Justice is open to all states and individuals. This UN body makes decisions and prepares advisory opinions upon requests. The legal basis for its activities is the UN Charter and international law.

The Secretariat has more than 25 thousand people, works under the leadership of the Secretary General and is responsible for external ongoing work. He conducts research, prepares negotiations and conferences, and informs public opinion. Secretariat offices are located in Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi.

The Secretary General, the chief administrative officer of the UN, is appointed to this position by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. The Secretary General has the authority to draw the attention of the Security Council to any circumstance that, in his opinion, threatens the provision of international peace and security. The Secretary General takes part in meetings of the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and the Trusteeship Council and presents annual reports to the General Assembly.

In 1993, the post of High Commissioner for Human Rights was created at the UN. This commissioner is appointed Secretary General with the approval of the GA and is responsible for the activities of the UN in the field of human rights.

The purpose of the UN's activities in the economic field is multilateral cooperation in resolving international economic problems.

Such problems include:

Global economic problems of our time, covering the areas of macroeconomics, population, statistics, public administration and finance;

Providing assistance in economic development to least developed countries and countries with economies in transition;

Environmental activities and environmental protection;

Rendering humanitarian aid V emergency situations;

Forecasting, analytical and information work on the state and prospects for the development of the global economy, regional and country situations;

Providing expert consulting services, assistance in the development of norms and standards;

Implementation of specific programs and projects.

The UN carries out its activities in the system of regulation of economic cooperation through many of its specialized structures: UNCTAD, UNIDO, UNDP, FAO, IAEA, etc. Let us consider some of them in more detail.

UNCTAD - the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development - was established in 1964 as a permanent body of the GA. One of the most representative and universal international organizations, in whose activities 188 UN member states and other international organizations take part. The supreme body is the sessions and the Trade and Development Council. Sessions are held at least once every four years. Current activities are carried out by the Secretariat and working committees. The headquarters is located in Geneva.

The objectives of UNCTAD include promoting international trade, especially in developing countries, in order to accelerate their economic development, ensuring stable peace and equal comprehensive cooperation between states, developing recommendations and principles for the functioning of modern IEOs. UNCTAD's mandate also includes policy analysis, intergovernmental debate and consensus-building, as well as monitoring, implementation and follow-up.

UNCTAD's specific activities concern issues of global trade in raw materials, finished goods and semi-finished products, chartering of maritime transport, problems of transfer of new technologies, monetary relations and other topics. IN Lately The conference began to pay great attention to violations in world trade associated with new protectionism, which is based on the monopoly of new technologies and on high requirements for foreign products in terms of their manufacturability and environmental friendliness.

At its eighth session (1992), UNCTAD adopted the Cartagena Commitments, which outlined a new approach to both old and new development issues. In accordance with the Cartagena Agreements driving force The activities of the Conference are recognition of the mutual interests of countries of different geographical regions and levels of development. At the same time, much attention is paid to how effective national policy, so international cooperation aimed at improving foreign economic conditions for activity. Among the policy recommendations of the Conference are original concepts for development dialogue, especially in the areas of good governance at the national and international levels, the role of the market, poverty alleviation, human resource development, the importance of democracy and other issues.

UNIDO - the United Nations Industrial Development Organization - was established by the GA in 1966. The highest body is the General Conference, convened once every two years. The governing bodies are the Industrial Development Board and the Program and Budget Committee. The UNIDO Secretariat is headed by CEO, elected by the General Conference. The headquarters of the organization is located in Vienna.

UNIDO is a specialized agency of the UN. It received a mandate from the UN to promote industrial development and cooperation and to act as the central UN body for coordinating industrial activities within its system. Its main objectives are to assist governments, as well as the public and private sectors of the economy, in preparing industrial development programs, encouraging cooperation between industrialized and developing countries, and providing advice on technical and other issues. But the main thing is that UNIDO mobilizes financial resources for developing countries around the world. Its Investment Promotion Service offices are located in Athens, Milan, Paris, Seoul, Tokyo, Warsaw, Washington, Zurich. Centers for international industrial cooperation have been established in Beijing and Moscow. At the same time, industrial assistance to developing countries is provided only at their request. When providing assistance, the imposition of any plans or programs from outside is excluded. In this process there is no place for infringing on the dignity of countries receiving foreign investment.

UNIDO's investment activities are translated into concrete projects that have benefited some 180 countries and regions over the past three decades. Only in 1993-1994. UNIDO provided technical assistance totaling approximately $215 million and assistance in implementing investment projects worth $1.1 billion.

UNDP - the UN development program was created in 1965 - by combining the Expanded Technical Assistance Program, which had been operating since 1950, and the UN Special Fund, which had been operating since 1958. Governing body- A Governing Council appointed by ECOSOC for a period of three years and an International Advisory Committee. The headquarters is located in New York.

The purpose of UNDP is to assist developing countries to accelerate their economic development and achieve higher levels of well-being for their people. In this case, UNDP assistance is provided only to the governments of these countries or through them. Assistance is provided through the provision of experts, supplies of equipment, implementation of pre-investment projects in the field of planning and assessment of mineral reserves, as well as scholarships for the training of national personnel.

UNDP projects are financed on the basis of voluntary contributions. The main donors from the group of industrialized countries are the USA, Japan, the Netherlands, and from among the developing countries India, China and Saudi Arabia. UNDP's financial resources vary from year to year as it is difficult to budget for Voluntary Contributions.

By the mid-1990s, the UNDP global network had grown to 132 country offices serving 175 countries and territories.

FAO - the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - was formed at a conference in Quebec on October 16, 1945. FAO members are 169 states and one international grouping - the European Union. The headquarters of FAO is in Rome.

The main goals of FAO are to contribute to improving nutrition and improving people's living standards, increasing productivity Agriculture, fisheries and forestry, fighting hunger, improving the distribution system of food and agricultural products. Special programs FAO is helping to prepare for food emergencies, and if similar situation becomes a reality in some countries, they provide assistance.

FAO acts as the lead UN body dealing with agricultural development issues on a global scale. Its branches operate in Africa (Ghana), the Asia-Pacific region (Bangkok), Europe (Rome), Latin America and the Caribbean (Santiago), and the Middle East (Cairo). In general, FAO country offices operate in more than 100 countries around the world. FAO organizes international conferences on topical issues within its scope of work: the World Food Conference (1974), the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (1979), the International Conference on Nutrition jointly with the World Health Organization (1992) and the World Meeting on top level on food security (1996).

The IAEA - the International Atomic Energy Agency - was founded in accordance with the decisions of the UN General Assembly in 1956, and its Charter came into force in 1957. An intergovernmental organization that is part of the common United Nations system, its headquarters is located in Vienna. Any state that accepts its Charter and agrees to fulfill the obligations contained therein can become a member of the IAEA.

The main objectives of the IAEA are as follows:

Achieve greater use of nuclear energy by countries around the world to support the well-being of their people, while complying with relevant nuclear safety standards;

Ensure that the use of atomic energy cannot be diverted to military purposes.

The IAEA is authorized to perform a number of responsible functions:

Implement an expanded safety program that includes the safety of nuclear installations, radiation protection, human health, radioactive waste management, nuclear fuel, advise and, at the request of governments, assist in implementation national programs atomic energy, a. also in cases of radiation accidents;

Act as an intermediary in the exchange of materials and services between its members at their request;

Promote the exchange of scientific and technical information in the field of peaceful uses of atomic energy;

Collect information on world markets and uranium production in order to control the use of nuclear fuel and perform other control-related functions.

Within the framework of the UN, there are not only international economic organizations on a global scale, but also various specialized regional international institutions. Here are just a few of them.

EJ - UN Economic Commission for Europe. Established by decision of ECOSOC in 1947 to coordinate activities to provide assistance to war victims European countries. Its members are 40 European countries, including Russia, as well as the USA and Canada. The highest governing body is a plenary session held once a year. The current work is managed by the Secretariat; located in Geneva. The EEC has about one and a half dozen committees - on agriculture, the chemical industry, ferrous metallurgy, coal, electricity, timber, foreign trade, labor, transport, construction and other issues. Recently, the Economic Commission for Europe has focused primarily on environmental issues, as well as effective use transport and forest resources.

ECA - United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. Created in 1958 with the aim of promoting the economic and social development of African countries and expanding their cooperation among themselves and other countries. The highest body is the annual plenary session, which is held in the form of a conference of ministers of economics and finance. The executive body is the Secretariat, consisting of sectoral and general departments. The headquarters of the Commission is located in T. Addis Ababa.

Since 1965, only African state, and the former metropolises became members without voting rights or the role of observers. However, representatives of any UN member country can take part in the work of the UN Economic Commission as observers or consultants. The specific activities of ECA boil down to developing measures for the economic development of a certain African region and providing advisory services at the request of member countries. In particular, recently the Commission has provided advisory technical services in the field of combating drought, creating projects in the field of irrigation, and training.

ECLAC - UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean - appeared in 1948. The members of this commission are 40 Latin American countries, the USA, Canada, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands and Spain. The highest body is the plenary session, which meets once every two years. The executive body is the Secretariat, which acts on; basis of the program of plenary sessions of the Commission. The headquarters is located in Santiago. ECLAC has permanent bodies - the Committee for Economic Cooperation of the Countries of Central America, the Committee for Development and Cooperation of the Caribbean, the Committee on Trade and the Committee of Governmental Experts. ECLAC's activities are financed from the UN budget and voluntary contributions from member countries.

The main tasks of ECLAC are actually similar to those characteristic of the UN commissions discussed above. In particular, the tasks of the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean include promoting the economic and social development of all member countries of the region, studying the problems of economic development of member countries and preparing reviews and developing on this basis practical recommendations on the use of natural and other resources of this region.

At first, ECLAC was a temporary body created in accordance with an ECOSOC resolution, then it was transformed into a permanent UN regional commission.

The UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific was established to promote the economic and social development of Asian and Pacific countries, their cooperation among themselves and with other countries of the world. To achieve this goal, practical measures were developed for the implementation of specific projects of regional importance, in particular the project for the development of the Mekong River basin, and the creation of regional centers for the development of trade. At the regular session of the Commission in New Delhi in 1994, the Declaration on Strengthening Regional Economic Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Region was adopted, which outlined the development paths for the countries located here, taking into account their specifics. In particular, within the framework of the adopted program, work is underway on regional economic cooperation in the field of technology transfer for investment projects.

Funding for ESCAP activities comes from the UN budget, as well as from extrabudgetary sources, including voluntary contributions from member countries and various sponsors.

ESCWA - Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. Created in 1974. Currently, its members are 14 states. The highest body is the plenary session, convened twice a year. The executive body is the Secretariat located in Baghdad, within which there are departments of industry, agriculture, etc. Representatives of any UN member country or its organizations having status with the United Nations can take part in the work of the UN Commission for Western Asia as consultants or observers. The main goal of ESCWA is to implement coordinated actions to create favorable conditions for economic cooperation and strengthen economic ties. Research of a technical nature. In 1994 in Amman, the Commission adopted a program for the rational use of resources and environmental management, a program for improving the quality of life, a program for economic development and cooperation, etc. Financing of the Economic and social commissions for Western Asia is carried out from the UN budget and extrabudgetary sources.

The United Nations system includes the UN with its principal and subsidiary organs, 18 specialized agencies, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and a number of programmes, councils and commissions. It can be presented as follows:

1. General Assembly/Economic and Social Council (GA/ECOSOC):

1.1. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Geneva (Switzerland).

1.2. United Nations Development Program (UNDP), New York (USA).

1.3. UN programs for environment(UNEP), Nairobi (Kenya).

1.4. World Food Council (WFC), Rome (Italy).

2. Economic and Social Council(ECOSOC);

2.1. World Food Program (WFP), Rome (Italy). 2.2. International Trade Center (ITC), UNCTAD/WTO, Geneva (Switzerland).

2.3. Specialized institutions:

2.3.1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome (Italy).

2.3.2. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, or World Bank), Washington (USA).

2.3.3. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Montreal (Canada),

2.3.4. International Development Association (IDA), Washington (USA).

2.3.5. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Rome (Italy).

2.3.6. International Finance Corporation (IFC), Washington (USA).

2.3.7. International Labor Organization (ILO), Geneva (Switzerland).

2.3.8. International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington (USA).

2.3.9. International Maritime Organization (IMO), London (UK).

2.3.10. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Geneva (Switzerland).

2.3.11. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), Washington (USA).

2.3.12. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Geneva (Switzerland).

2.3.13. United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Vienna (Austria).

2.3.14. World Trade Organization/General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (WTO/GATT), Geneva (Switzerland).

3. Autonomous organizations:

3.1. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna (Austria).

3.2. World Tourism Organization (WTO), Madrid (Spain).

The main economic body, ECOSOC, consists of 54 members (1/3 of them are re-elected annually for a three-year term) and usually holds sessions twice a year. It is the main body for coordinating the economic and social activities of the UN and related specialized agencies and institutes (by conducting research, preparing reports and recommendations). Regional economic commissions operate under the leadership of ECOSOC: Economic Commission for Europe (ECE, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, 55 member states); UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP, Bangkok, Thailand, 49 member states); United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA, Aleman, Jordan, 13 member states); UN Economic Commission for Africa (ECA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 53 member states); United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, Santiago, Chile, 41 member states). The main task of these commissions is to facilitate coordinated economic cooperation activities within the relevant region. The commissions conduct research, disseminate information and statistical materials. The commissions have corresponding committees. The permanent executive body of each commission is its secretariat, as well as multilateral monetary, financial and trade organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization, which are formally part of the UN system, but in fact; independent from it and are often called organizations of the Bretton Woods system. An example of an interstate organization of an interregional nature would be the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

2.1. General economic organizations.

2.1.1. Regional integration groupings (or trade and economic unions):

· Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

· North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA).

· European Union(EU).

· Association of countries South-East Asia(ASEAN).

· Arab Free Trade Area (AFTA).

· Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).

· South American Common Market (MERCOSUR);

· Free Trade Area of ​​the Americas (FTAA).

2.1.2. Other economic organizations:

· Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

· Organization of the Red Cross and Crescent.

2.2. Industry organizations.

2.2.1. Organizations in the field of trade:

· World Trade Organization (since January 1, 1995). Became the successor to GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).

· International Trade Center.

· International Chamber of Commerce.

· International Customs Union.

2.2.2. Financial organizations:

· The Paris Club represents the interests of 19 creditor countries.

· The London Club of Creditor Banks unites more than 600 of the largest commercial banks in the United States, Western Europe and Japan.

· Bank for International Settlements (BIS).

· International Finance Corporation (IFC).

· International Bank for Economic Cooperation (IBEC).

· International Investment Bank (IIB).

· European Financial Society (ETF).

· European Investment Bank (EIB).

· European Economic Monetary Union (EEMU).

2.2.3. Production and trade regulating certain types of goods and raw materials:

· Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

· European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC).

2.2.4. Production and trade of agricultural raw materials and food:

· International Coffee Organization.

· International Sugar Organization.

· International Organization of Banana Exporting Countries.

2.2.5. Others:

· International Union of Railway Transport Workers.

UN: main organizations and their characteristics.

Classification of international economic organizations according to the scope of regulation.

a) International economic organizations regulating economic and industrial cooperation and sectors of the world economy:

· United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).

· United Nations Development Program (UNDP).

· International Energy Agency (IEA);

b) International economic organizations in the system of regulation of world trade:

· World Trade Organization (WTO);

· United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD);

· International organizations of producing and exporting countries of food and raw materials.

c) Regional economic organizations.

d) International monetary and financial organizations:

· International Monetary Fund;

· World Bank Group;

· European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).

e) International organizations regulating entrepreneurial activity:

· UN Commission on Transnational Companies.

f) International non-governmental organizations promoting the development of international business:

· International and regional unions entrepreneurs;

· International Chamber of Commerce;

· Regional chambers of commerce.

The third criterion for classifying international economic organizations is based on the nature of their competence.

a) International organizations with general competence, for example, the UN.

Competence is not limited to any one area of ​​cooperation, with the exception of specific issues within the competence of its specialized institutions.

b) International organizations with special competence:

Ø UN specialized agencies:

· World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

· World Health Organization (WHO).

· World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).

· Universal Postal Union (UPU).

· International Development Association (IDA).

· International Labor Organization (ILO).

· International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

In total - 15 UN specialized agencies.