Fables-reversals are songs or poems in which everything is turned upside down. Piglets fly in them, a hare sits on a birch tree, and flies eat a rooster. Such pictures evoke joyful children's laughter and strengthen the child's understanding of genuine, real connections between things and phenomena.
At the center of the fable is a obviously impossible situation, behind which, however, the correct state of affairs is easily guessed, because the shapeshifter plays up the simplest, well-known phenomena. Chukovsky introduced the term “shifter” and thoroughly explored this genre.
Researchers usually call this type of folklore amusing, including sections, tongue twisters, upside-down fables, and sometimes silences and voices.
Fables - shapeshifters for children
African crocodile
He swam into the White Sea,
He began to live at the bottom of the sea,
He built himself a house there!
Two caring lamas -
Llama-dad, Llama-mama,
Leaving the kids in the morning,
They hid in a hole with the mouse!
Spring has come to us again
With sleds and skates!
Spruce brought from the forest
Candles with lights!
The horse rode with horns,
A goat swam along the pavement,
By leaps and bounds
The worm came with a beard!
Look, look!
Vanya is riding on a trough!
And behind him are the boys
On a leaky tub!
And behind them is a hedgehog with a cat
They drive everyone with a whip!
Tell you an interest?
An elephant climbed a tree
Made a nest of twigs,
Cradling the babies!
The cook was preparing dinner
And then the lights were turned off.
Chef bream beret
And puts it in compote.
Throws logs into the cauldron,
He puts jam in the oven.
Stirs the soup with a poker,
Ugli hits with a ladle.
Sugar pours into the broth,
And he is very pleased.
That was the vinaigrette,
When the light was fixed.
Timoshka on a spoon
I was driving along the path,
Met Egor
Took me to the fence!
Thanks Timoshka,
The spoon has a good motor!
What kind of geese ran by?
Ears and tails between your legs?
Who is chasing them?
Maybe horses in a car?
No! They run from fear
What will catch up with the turtle!
Fables shifters for children of 2nd grade
There is a sweet word - rocket,
There's a quick word - candy.
There is a sour word - carriage,
There is a word with a window - lemon.
There is a prickly word - rain,
There is a word for wet - hedgehog.
There is a stubborn word - spruce,
There is a green word - goal.
There is a book word - tit,
There is a forest word - page.
There is a funny word - snow,
There is a fluffy word - laughter.
Stop! Stop! Sorry guys.
It's my car's fault.
A mistake in poetry is not a trifle,
You need to print like this:
The grapes are ripe here.
Horned horse in the meadow
In summer he jumps in the snow.
Late autumn bear
Loves to sit in the river.
And in winter among the branches
"Ga-ha-ha!" - the nightingale sang.
Quickly give me the answer -
Is this true or not?
The poodle went with him, jumping over the fence.
Ivan, like a log, fell into a swamp,
And the poodle drowned in the river like an axe.
Ivan Toporyshkin went hunting,
With him the poodle started skipping like an axe.
Ivan fell through a log into a swamp,
And the poodle in the river jumped over the fence.
Ivan Toporyshkin went hunting,
With him, the poodle fell into the fence in the river.
Ivan, like a log, jumped over the swamp,
And the poodle jumped onto the axe.
The traffic light melts in the sun,
The shepherd barks at the cat
The snowman is meowing in the corner,
The dump truck teaches lessons,
The chess player burns without smoke,
The spider caught the burbot,
The fisherman climbed onto the sheaf,
The red cat wrinkled his brow.
The student brought sand,
Fox Terrier blows a horn...
We need it soon
Put everything in its place!
Cucumbers play hide and seek
Kids grow in the garden
Musketeers sleep in a ravine,
The pigs sharpen their swords
Crayfish run to the circus in droves,
Children are dozing under a snag,
Wolves swim along the bottom,
The pikes howl at the moon.
What kind of mess is this?
Sharpen your pencil!
I order you
Put everything in its place!
Fables, shifters for children of the preparatory group
The angry cat barks loudly
The master's house is guarded by:
Stop, she won't let you in!
If you don't listen, he'll bite!
The hedgehog flapped its wings
And he fluttered like a butterfly.
Hare sitting on the fence
Laughed loudly and loudly!
It is snowing! It's so hot!
Birds are flying from the south!
Everything around is white and white -
Red summer has arrived!
Lived once
Lived once
Grandfather and grandmother
With a little granddaughter,
Your red cat
They called it Bug.
And they are crested
The foal's name was
And they also had
chicken Buryonka.
And they also had
Murka the dog,
And two more goats:
Sivka da Burka!
The dog sits down to play the accordion,
Red cats dive into the aquarium,
Canaries begin to knit socks,
Children's flowers are watered from a watering can.
A cat barks from a basket,
Potatoes grow on a pine tree,
The sea flies across the sky
The wolves ate my appetite.
The ducklings croak loudly,
Kittens croak subtly.
The onion crawled like a snake
It turned out to be a mess
It was in January
First of April.
It was hot in the yard
We're numb.
Over the iron bridge
Made from boards
Shel A tall man
Short in stature.
There was a curly man with no hair,
Thin as a barrel.
He didn't have children
Only son and daughter
Because of the forest, because of the mountains
Grandfather Yegor is coming.
Himself on a filly,
Wife on a cow
Children on calves
Grandchildren on baby goats.
We came down from the mountains,
They lit a fire
They eat porridge
Listening to a fairy tale
Folk tales
Listen guys
I will sing awkwardly:
A bull is flying on an eraplane,
A man plows a pig
A crow sits on the fence,
Blue berries are pecked,
A cow lies on a ditch
Belted with a horse.
A village was driving
Past the man
And from under the dog
The gates are barking:
"Guard, village,
The men are on fire!
Women in a sundress
They want to fill it up.”
A village was driving
Past the man
Suddenly from under the dog
The gates are barking.
Snatched the cart
He's from under the whip
And let's bludgeon
Her gate.
The rooftops got scared
We sat on the raven,
The horse is racing
A man with a whip.
A village was driving
Past the man
Suddenly from under the dog
The gates are barking.
A club ran out
With a boy in my arms,
And behind him is a sheepskin coat
With a woman on his shoulders.
Whip grabbed the dog
Soar a man
And the man with fear -
Bam under the gate.
The village shouted:
“The men are on fire!
Sundresses with women
They're rushing to the fire."
We have horses in galoshes,
And the cows are in boots.
We plow on carts,
And they harrow on a sleigh.
Timoshka in a basket
I drove along the path.
The dog on the strip hums,
The bear on the chain breaks.
Agathon is putting on his shoes on the stove.
Agafon's wife lived along the road,
I baked rolls.
How are these rolls
Hot all day.
Listen guys
I’ll sing a little song:
A cow sits on the fence
Takes cranberries,
A hare sits on a birch tree,
Measures leaves by arshin,
Collects on a needle,
To avoid wrinkles.
Senka mowed, I mowed,
Two haystacks were mowed,
The hay was dried on the stove,
They stirred the floors,
There were stacks of stacks on the floor,
The vegetable gardens were fenced,
To prevent mice from walking;
Cockroaches have worn out -
All the cattle were allowed through.
Nonsense, nonsense,
These are just lies!
The chickens ate the rooster -
The dogs talk.
Nonsense, nonsense,
These are just lies!
Hay being cut on the stove
Hammer crayfish.
Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late at dawn
Baba was walking
In a chintz carriage.
There's nonsense on the fence
Fried jam
The chickens ate the rooster
One Sunday.
The devil smeared his nose
Pomaded my hands
And brought it from the cellar
Fried pants.
Between heaven and earth
The pig was rummaging
And accidentally tail
Clings to the sky.
I'll stab the director in a minute
You'll be kicking!
Chesa got her head up.
The braid is tongued out.
God, God,
Give me skin
I'll make myself a shoe.
Without boots
I don't care -
The knife might get frostbitten.
At the market early in the morning
I bought a lamb bagel:
For lambs, for sheep
TEN poppy rings,
NINE dryers,
EIGHT buns,
SEVEN cakes,
SIX cheesecakes,
FIVE cakes,
FOUR crumpets,
THREE cakes,
TWO gingerbreads
And I bought ONE roll -
I didn’t forget about myself!
And for the wife - sunflowers.
A ship runs across the blue sea,
The gray wolf is standing on the nose,
And the bear fastens the sails.
Zayushka leads the boat by the rope,
The fox looks slyly from behind a bush:
How to steal a bunny
It's like breaking a rope.
I went to the bast mountain to tear up.
I see: the lake is floating on ducks.
I cut down three sticks:
One is spruce, another is birch, the third is rowan.
Threw a spruce tree - did not approve,
Threw the birch tree - threw it.
I threw the rowan tree and it hit.
The lake fluttered up and flew away,
But the ducks remained.
Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late at dawn
The lady is traveling on foot
In a chintz carriage.
A hare sits on a pine tree -
He built himself a nest there.
And who cares
Why don't hares have wings?
All the birds flocked:
Tap-dancing sisters,
Cuckoo friend;
Sparrow-brother-in-law
He narrowed his eyes;
Crow Bride
She sat down.
Only there is no groom.
Should I call the rooster?
The old hare is mowing hay,
And the fox is raking.
The fly carries hay to the cart,
And the mosquito throws.
They took us to the hayloft -
A fly screamed from the cart:
“I won’t go to the attic,
I'll fall from there
I'll break a leg,
I'll be lame."
Knock, knock, look at the gate:
That's right, someone is coming to visit:
The whole family is coming
A pig is walking ahead.
The goose tuned the harp,
And a rooster with a trumpet.
The cat and the dog were surprised -
They even made peace.
The turnip danced with the poppy,
And parsley with parsnips,
Corn with garlic
Our Tanya with a Cossack.
But I didn’t want carrots
Dance, dance,
Because I couldn't
Dance, dance.
Turu, turu, shepherd boy,
Viburnum footrest.
Where did you fly this summer?
Where did you spend the winter?
- At the Tsar's in Moscow,
In the golden lip.
-What is the king doing?-
- Turu writes a note,
He breathes on the girl.
- Girl, girl,
Go get some water.
- I'm afraid of the wolf.
- Wolves at work,
Owl in the swamp.
- Sovanka, Sovanka,
Shaggy legs,
We ran along the path.
Popov's guys
The peas were threshed
The chains were broken,
They left the barn,
Water the chicken.
Like a feather from a chicken
It rolled
A village near Ivanovo.
Shadow-shadow, shadow,
There is a fence above the city.
The animals sat under the fence.
We boasted all day:
The fox boasted:
- I am beautiful to the whole world!
The bunny boasted:
- Go and catch up!
Hedgehogs boasted:
- Our fur coats are good!
The bear boasted:
- I can sing songs!
Timoshka in a basket
I drove along the path.
The dog on the strip hums,
The bear on the chain breaks,
Agathon is putting on his shoes on the stove.
Fuck, bang, bang,
A mouse rides on hedgehogs.
- Wait, prickly hedgehog,
I can't bear to go any more,
You're very annoying, hedgehog!
Our harrier has
From a dear friend,
Forty tubs
Salty frogs,
Forty barns
Dry cockroaches,
Fifty
Piglets –
Only the legs are hanging.
Nonsense, nonsense,
These are just lies!
“The chickens ate the rooster,”
The dogs talk.
The hut walked along the bridge
And she waved her tail,
Got caught on the railing
It landed right in the river.
There is noise in the river, there is ringing in the river!
Those who don't believe, get out!
Sheep were walking along the road
My feet got wet in a puddle.
One two three four five,
They began to wipe their feet,
Who with a handkerchief
Who is a rag
Who has a holey mitten.
Between heaven and earth
The pig was rummaging
And accidentally tail
Clings to the sky.
Nonsense, nonsense,
These are just lies!
Hay being cut on the stove
Hammer crayfish.
Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late at dawn
Baba was walking
In a chintz carriage.
There's nonsense on the fence
Fried jam
The chickens ate the rooster
One Sunday.
Tales. Fables for children are short stories about phenomena and actions that do not happen in nature, about things that actually do not and cannot exist. Our ancestors also showed imagination and composed fables that were passed on from mouth to mouth. Children really like these funny rhymes; in addition, they develop the baby’s memory and thinking.
What is a tall tale?
This means: Wolf and Lioness
Bring your guys
By car to kindergarten.
And then they rushed off to the mountains
To work in Children's City,
Where in the "Salon of Kindness"
They give flowers to the Squirrels.
***
Listen guys,
I will sing awkwardly,
A bull is flying on an airplane,
The rooster plows the pig.
A hog is flying on the fence,
Measures leaves by arshin,
Collects on a needle,
To avoid wrinkles.
A cow lies on a ditch
Girdled with sauerkraut,
The dough is kneaded and beaten,
Seasoned with quinoa.
***
The horse ate grass, ate,
And she's tired of weed.
A horse came to the store
And I bought a chocolate bar.
***
Because of the clouds, because of the mountains
Uncle Yegor is coming.
He's on a piebald cart,
On a creaking horse
Belted with an axe,
Boots wide open
Kaftan on bare feet,
And there's a pocket on the head.
***
A hare sits on a birch tree,
Smokes a dried boot.
The telephone pole got married
He took the cart from the bull.
The bull got angry at this
And he killed the samovar.
***
- They say: are you alive and well?
- No, I'm in the hospital.
- They say: are you fed up?
- No, I’m very hungry
I could even swallow a cow!
***
Murzik sculpted from snow
Two-wheeled cart.
The dogs harnessed themselves to it,
We took the cat to the races.
***
The cook is riding on a plate,
Two pots ahead
And the pelvis is behind.
The cook shouts to him:
“Where is my pelvis?”
The cast irons heard
They buzzed like bugs.
The spoons heard
They jumped around like fleas.
The poker went to dance,
And the grip is to sing along with her.
***
Once upon a time there lived grandfather Egor
On the edge of the forest,
He had a fly agaric growing
Right on top of my head.
Elk came out from behind a bush,
I ate a beautiful mushroom
And Yegor whispered:
“We need to clean our ears.”
***
The goat has a beard
Two frogs live
A bear sits on his back
Holds his ears.
***
The wolf worked as a shepherd
At the "Preschool Farm".
Rode with a fiery whip
Harmful on a cow.
Herding fidgety kids
On the candy field.
I told them a secret
How to study at school.
And the boys are tomboys
Cucumbers were picked in the field,
Treated the shepherd
And they laughed: “Ha ha ha!”
***
A hare sits on the fence
In aluminum pants.
Who cares, -
Maybe the hare is an astronaut.
***
Listen guys
I will sing awkwardly,
The pig is laid on the oak tree,
A bear is steaming in a sauna.
***
There are two magpies under the barn
Fried jam
The chickens ate the rooster
They say dogs.
***
At the station in the new hall,
The cat is lying without a head.
While they were looking for the head
The legs got up and walked.
***
A cow is swimming along the river,
Overtook the ship.
A crow stands on its horns
And he rows with a straw.
***
Grandfather is curly without hair,
Thin as a barrel.
He has no children -
Only son and daughter.
***
A hare sits on a birch tree,
Reads a book aloud.
A bear flew to him,
He listens and sighs.
***
Nonsense, nonsense
These are just lies:
Hay being cut on the stove
Rocker crayfish.
***
Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late at dawn
The uncle was riding on horseback
In a chintz carriage.
And behind him at full speed
Jumping steps
The wolf tried to swim across
A bowl of pies.
The hare looked up to the sky,
There's an earthquake
And out of the clouds at him
Jam was dripping.
***
Listen guys
I’ll sing you a fable:
Instead of a pretzel - bagels
The man swallowed the arc.
***
There is a cart on the mountain,
Tears are dripping from the arc.
There is a cow under the mountain,
Puts on boots.
***
From behind the clouds, from the fog
A man rides a ram.
And behind him on mosquitoes
Children are jumping in felt boots,
And the wife is on a flea
Jumps along the path.
***
A hedgehog sits on a pine tree -
New shirt
There's a boot on my head,
There is a cap on his leg.
***
Rides a fox
Chicken on horseback,
A head of cabbage runs
With a somersault hare.
Pike catches in the sea
fisherman's net,
A cow is swimming
In a jar of milk.
grain of wheat
The sparrow is pecking
And the worm to the crow
Comes in a box.
***
A brick floats down the river
Wooden like glass.
Well, let it float
We don't need plasticine.
This is a fairy tale about a hedgehog
He flies to his nest
And a fly is also an airplane,
Only very small.
***
Where has this been seen?
And in which village was it heard,
So that the hen gives birth to a bull,
The little piglet laid an egg
Yes, I put it on the shelf.
And the shelf broke off
And the egg didn't break.
The sheep clucked
The filly cackled:
- Oh, where, where, where!
This has never happened to us before,
So that the armless man robs our cage,
The bare-bellied one put it in his bosom,
And the blind man was spying,
And the deaf man was eavesdropping,
And the legless man ran after him,
The tongueless “guard” screamed.
***
I bought a lamb bagel
At the market early in the morning
I bought a lamb bagel:
For lambs, for sheep
TEN poppy rings,
NINE dryers,
EIGHT buns,
SEVEN cakes,
SIX cheesecakes,
FIVE cakes,
FOUR crumpets,
THREE cakes,
TWO gingerbreads
And I bought ONE roll -
I didn’t forget about myself!
And for the little wife - sunflowers.
Russian folk tales, nursery rhymes in verse for children
Fables are nonsense, they are poems or stories that talk about something that cannot really happen. Thanks to them, the child develops a sense of humor, he begins to better understand reality, logic, imagination, and thinking develop. let's start collecting in this threadRussian folk tales - in rhymes, this is something like nursery rhymes for children. Children love them very much and listen to them with pleasure.
***
Where has this been seen?
And in which village was it heard,
So that the hen gives birth to a bull,
The little piglet laid an egg
Yes, I took it to the shelf.
And the shelf broke off,
And the egg broke.
The sheep clucked
The filly cackled:
- Oh, where-where-where!
This has never happened to us before,
So that the armless man robs our cage,
The bare-bellied one put it in his bosom,
And the blind man was spying,
And the deaf man was eavesdropping,
And the legless Vogon ran,
The tongueless “guard” screamed!
***
A village was driving
Past the man
Suddenly from under the dog
The gates are barking.
He grabbed the club
The ax chopped
And for our cat
Ran through the fence.
The rooftops got scared
We sat on the raven,
The horse is racing
A man with a whip.
***
There is a stump in the swamp,
He's too lazy to move.
The neck doesn't move
And I want to laugh.
***
The fox ran through the forest,
The fox lost its tail.
Vanya went into the forest
Found a fox tail.
Lisa came early
Vanya brought berries,
She asked me to give her tail.
***
Because of the forest, because of the mountains
Grandfather Egor is coming
On a bulan cart,
On a squeaky horse.
He has boots with a pocket,
And a vest with a heel.
Belted himself with a club,
He leaned on his sash.
***
Between heaven and earth
The little pig was rummaging
And accidentally tail
Clings to the sky.
***
Fuck, bang, bang,
A mouse rides on hedgehogs.
- Wait, prickly hedgehog,
I can't bear to go any more,
You're very annoying, hedgehog!
***
The ship is running across the blue sea.
The gray wolf is standing on the nose,
And the bear fastens the sails.
Zayushka leads the boat by the rope,
The fox looks slyly from behind a bush:
How to steal a bunny
It's like breaking the rope.
***
This, brothers, is not a miracle?
A baton was running with a boy in his hands,
And behind him is a sheepskin coat with a woman on his shoulders.
The whip grabbed the dog to soar the man,
And the man climbed under the gate out of fear.
The village shouted: “The lake is burning!”
Hay and firewood rush to put out the fire.
***
Sheep were walking along the road
My feet got wet in a puddle.
One two three four five,
They began to wipe their feet,
Who with a handkerchief
Who is a rag
Who has a holey mitten.
***
Thunder rolled across the mountains -
A mosquito fell from the oak tree,
Crashed on a rhizome
Old mosquito-mosquito.
Instantly the flies flocked -
Two rumble-burners,
They raised the poor brother,
They began to buzz and kill themselves:
- Old mosquito-mosquito,
It hurts so much, my friend!
Our poor little light,
How sorry we are for you, mosquito!
A squirrel sits on a cart
She sells nuts:
To my little fox sister,
Sparrow, titmouse,
To the fat-fifted bear,
Bunny with a mustache.
Who needs a scarf?
Who cares,
Who cares?
***
A mosquito sat under a bush,
On a spruce tree on a stump,
He dangled his feet on the sand,
He put his nose under the leaf -
Hid!
***
Raven in red boots
In gilded earrings,
Black raven on an oak tree,
He plays the trumpet
Turned pipe,
Gold plated,
Okay pipe
The song is complex.
***
Our hostess
She was smart
Everyone has a job in the hut
For the holiday I gave:
The dog washes the cup with his tongue,
The mouse collects crumbs under the window,
The cat scratches the table with its paw,
The chicken sweeps the doormat with a broom.
***
Vanyusha-simplicity
I bought a horse without a tail.
I went to get married
Tied the trough.
The trough breaks,
The wife smiles.
***
All the birds flocked:
Tap-dancing sisters,
Cuckoo friend;
Sparrow-brother-in-law
He narrowed his eyes;
Crow Bride
She sat down.
Only there is no groom.
Should I call the rooster?
The fox ran through the forest,
The fox lost its tail.
Vanya went into the forest
Found a fox tail.
Lisa came early
Vanya brought berries,
She asked me to give her tail.
***
The hut walked along the bridge
And she waved her tail,
Got caught on the railing
It landed right in the river.
There is noise in the river, there is ringing in the river!
Those who don't believe, get out!
***
Listen guys
My fairy tale is not rich
From the humpbacked horse
And the dancing bear:
Just like a motley pig
She made a nest on an oak tree.
She made a nest and brought out the children.
Sixty piglets
They sit on the knots.
The piglets are squealing
They want to fly.
Let's fly, fly.
It's like a bear flying through the sky.
The bear is flying
Head turns.
And he’s carrying a cow,
Black-and-white, white-tailed.
And the cow is mooing
Yes, he's twirling his tail!
Know the bear shouts:
- Let's go right
Let's go left
And now let's get straight to it!
***
Oh, there's a problem:
The water caught fire.
Passed by
Retired soldier.
Retired soldier Taras
Saved the river from a fire,
The fire was put out
He earned his fame:
"Taras is gray
I put out the water with my beard!”
The turnip danced with the poppy,
And parsley with parsnips,
Corn with garlic
Our Tanya with a Cossack.
But I didn’t want carrots
Dance, dance,
Because I couldn't
Dance, dance.
The pig made a nest on the spruce tree,
She made a nest, brought out the babies,
Little children, little pigs.
The little pigs are hanging on the branches,
They hang on the branches, they want to fly.
***
Where have you seen this?
Where have you heard this?
So that the hen brings a bull,
The little piglet laid an egg,
To across the sky
The bear was flying
He waved his black tail.
***
Two cheerful little ones,
sitting deftly on the stove,
They picked watermelons from the apple tree,
They pulled carrots in the sea.
Crayfish are ripe on the branches,
Seven herrings and ruffs.
All the neighborhood dogs
Eat rutabaga to your heart's content
***
The rain is warming,
The sun is pouring.
The miller is grinding
Water in the well.
Laundress on the stove
Washing the trough.
Grandma in the river
I fried the sieve.
***
There are two magpies under the barn
Fried jam
The chickens ate the rooster
They say dogs.
***
At the station in the new hall,
The cat is lying without a head.
While they were looking for the head
The legs got up and walked.
***
A cow is swimming along the river,
Overtook the ship.
A crow stands on its horns
And he rows with a straw.
***
Grandfather is curly without hair,
Thin as a barrel.
He has no children -
Only son and daughter.
***
A hare sits on a birch tree,
Reads a book aloud.
A bear flew to him,
He listens and sighs.
***
Nonsense, nonsense
These are just lies:
Hay being cut on the stove
Rocker crayfish.
***
Early in the morning, in the evening,
Late at dawn
The uncle was riding on horseback
In a chintz carriage.
And behind him at full speed
Jumping steps
The wolf tried to swim across
A bowl of pies.
The hare looked up to the sky,
There's an earthquake
And out of the clouds at him
Jam was dripping.
***
Listen guys
I’ll sing you a fable:
Instead of a pretzel - bagels
The man swallowed the arc.
***
There is a cart on the mountain,
Tears are dripping from the arc.
There is a cow under the mountain,
Puts on boots.
***
From behind the clouds, from the fog
A man rides a ram.
And behind him on mosquitoes
Children are jumping in felt boots,
And the wife is on a flea
Jumps along the path.
***
A hedgehog sits on a pine tree -
New shirt
There's a boot on my head,
There is a cap on his leg.
***
Rides a fox
Chicken on horseback,
A head of cabbage runs
With a somersault hare.
Pike catches in the sea
fisherman's net,
A cow is swimming
In a jar of milk.
grain of wheat
The sparrow is pecking
And the worm to the crow
Comes in a box.
***
A brick floats down the river
Wooden like glass.
Well, let it float
We don't need plasticine.
This is a fairy tale about a hedgehog
He flies to his nest
And a fly is also an airplane,
Only very small.
***
I bought a lamb bagel
At the market early in the morning
I bought a lamb bagel:
For lambs, for sheep
TEN poppy rings,
NINE dryers,
EIGHT buns,
SEVEN cakes,
SIX cheesecakes,
FIVE cakes,
FOUR crumpets,
THREE cakes,
TWO gingerbreads
And I bought ONE roll -
I didn’t forget about myself!
And for the wife - sunflowers.
What is a tall tale?
This means: Wolf and Lioness
Bring your guys
By car to kindergarten.
And then they rushed off to the mountains
To work in Children's City,
Where in the "Salon of Kindness"
They give flowers to the Squirrels.
***
Listen guys,
I will sing awkwardly,
A bull is flying on an airplane,
The rooster plows the pig.
A hog is flying on the fence,
Measures leaves by arshin,
Collects on a needle,
To avoid wrinkles.
A cow lies on a ditch
Girdled with sauerkraut,
The dough is kneaded and beaten,
Seasoned with quinoa.
***
The horse ate grass, ate,
And she's tired of weed.
A horse came to the store
And I bought a chocolate bar.
***
A hare sits on a birch tree,
Smokes a dried boot.
The telephone pole got married
He took the cart from the bull.
The bull got angry at this
And he killed the samovar.
***
- They say: are you alive and well?
- No, I'm in the hospital.
- They say: are you fed up?
- No, I’m very hungry
I could even swallow a cow!
***
Murzik sculpted from snow
Two-wheeled cart.
The dogs harnessed themselves to it,
We took the cat to the races.
***
The cook is riding on a plate,
Two pots ahead
And the pelvis is behind.
The cook shouts to him:
“Where is my pelvis?”
The cast irons heard
They buzzed like bugs.
The spoons heard
They jumped around like fleas.
The poker went to dance,
And the grip is to sing along with her.
***
Once upon a time there lived grandfather Egor
On the edge of the forest,
He had a fly agaric growing
Right on top of my head.
Elk came out from behind a bush,
I ate a beautiful mushroom
And Yegor whispered:
“We need to clean our ears.”
***
The goat has a beard
Two frogs live
A bear sits on his back
Holds his ears.
***
The wolf worked as a shepherd
At the "Preschool Farm".
Rode with a fiery whip
Harmful on a cow.
Herding fidgety kids
On the candy field.
I told them a secret
How to study at school.
And the boys are tomboys
Cucumbers were picked in the field,
Treated the shepherd
And they laughed: “Ha ha ha!”
***
A hare sits on the fence
In aluminum pants.
And who cares, - Maybe the hare is an astronaut.
***
Listen guys
I will sing awkwardly,
The pig is laid on the oak tree,
A bear is steaming in a sauna.
Tales
Basic concepts: definition, features of existence, terminology, features (figurative system, anthropomorphism, composition, rhyming), storytelling techniques, forms, genre models.
Existence of the genre. Fables, or never-before-stories, represent a special genre of folklore, found among all peoples as an independent piece of art or as part of a fairy tale, epic, epic, buffoon.
The genre is equally widespread in both adult and children's repertoire. The difference is in the shape. In works performed for children or by children, “the fable takes the form of a song, a rhymed sentence (counting), silence, a tease, a pester, etc.”
Children are attracted to works where absolutely incredible events unfold; there was a rearrangement of the object of action or the signs characterizing various items; the functions and properties of one object were attributed to another. “Violation of the correct coordination of things causes laughter in children, and the greater this violation, the stronger the feeling of funny,” noted O.I. Kapitsa.
Definition. Typically, researchers consider fables to be “works of various genres that depict reality with a deliberate violation of the chronological sequence of events, cause-and-effect relationships, etc. and create an artistic picture of the world full of inconsistencies.”
The name of the “fable” was probably given by the performers themselves:
Allow me, brothers, a tale from piebalds,
A tall tale, a tall tale.
I will sing an old thing, unprecedented, but unheard of.
Their important property is illogicality. Object world, pets, birds - everything in fables is shown from the “absurd” side.
The second property is caused by attributing to one object the properties of another. It was noted, in particular, by K.I. Chukovsky, who called such works “reversals” by analogy with the English “Topsy-turvy Rhymes” - “poems topsy-turvy, rhymes topsy-turvy.” The name “shifters” partly coincides with the German name “Verkehre Welt” - “inverted world”.
Studying, O.I. was one of the first in Russian literary criticism to consider upside-down songs. Kapitsa, her conclusions were subsequently confirmed by English scientists I. Oupy and P. Oupy in the book “Folklore and Language of Schoolchildren,” published in Cambridge in 1959. Around the same time, V.P. Anikin fixed the double name of this form.
At the same time, some researchers make a distinction between them E.M. Levina believes that it is necessary to distinguish between fables and inversions. The difference between Them is observed in the unique nature of the action: in a fable, anthropomorphism becomes the main principle (animals performing the work of people, acquiring human nicknames and qualities).
In the shifter, reverse coordination takes place, the animals perform the same work, but do it in an unusual way - they mow hay with hammers, sew up the caftan with a broom. The time characteristics are also unusual: in fables, the disasters of birds and insects are depicted as a global catastrophe; in shapeshifters, the characters move across the sea on a sieve, and confuse the seasons.
Any deviation from the norm helped the child to seek and find his or her reference points in space. These became associative connections. The inverted world made it possible to look at everyday things differently, to define them, to highlight and emphasize individual qualities.
M.N. Melnikov clarifies that the analysis of texts published by V.I. Dahlem, suggests that fables were created by adults and for adults. Therefore, they cannot be attributed to the creativity of children, rather we're talking about about original adaptations or adaptations of individual forms by the children's audience.
It is no coincidence that shifters were actively used by folk pedagogy, activating cognitive activity child and developing his ability to see the comic:
Cat on a basket
Sews a fly
Cat on the bed
Indicates:
Not so, cat
Not so, little bowl,
Not so skull
Our Ivan is great.
Peculiarities. Fables are distinguished by the playful nature of shapeshifters; Chukovsky considered them a mental game: “The child plays not only with pebbles, cubes, dolls, but also with thoughts.” Having learned to put together stories, the child begins to turn them into his own stories - “the desire to play shifters is inherent in almost every child at a certain stage of his mental life.”
Circle of images children's fables were predetermined by the conditions of peasant life; they contained animals, birds, and insects familiar to the peasant child from childhood. Only they dressed like people: “a goat in a sundress,” “a chicken in boots,” “a duck in a skirt.” The animals performed the same duties: “the hen swept the hut, swept the hut, put the little one under the threshold”, “the cat crushes crackers on the stove, the cat sews a fly.”
Moving animals into an environment that was unusual for them, where they were forced to act in an unusual way, led to the creation of a comic effect. It happened that some animals were attributed the properties of others: “a bear flies through the sky, waves its ears and paws, straightens its gray tail,” “a dog gave birth to a bull,” “a little pig laid an egg.”
The main technique becomes anthropomorphism: animals, insects, birds dressed in human clothes and were endowed with human qualities, properties and vices. They performed the same actions as humans. People also worked and acted in an inappropriate environment: “the men on the street hit the hooks (fishing pins), they catch fish.” Animals were used in an unusual way: “Foma rides a chicken, Timoshka rides a cat”; “The man was plowing mosquitoes and driving them away with a baton.”
Compared to fairy tales, the anthropomorphism of fables has its own characteristics. The similarity was manifested in the humanization of animals, but in the fairy tale the animal appears as a bearer of certain qualities: the fox was distinguished by a crafty disposition, turned out to be resourceful, capable of theft; the bear, on the contrary, is always clumsy and slow-witted.
In fables, the characterization changes. Here are some fabled songs, the first of which features animals in disguise, and the second of which shows costumed animals dancing:
Ulyana, Ulyana,
Get in the sleigh,
Come with us
To a new village.
In the new village
In the old village
You will see a lot of wonders:
Chicken in earrings,
A goat in new trousers,
Goat in a sundress
And the bull is in leather,
Duck in a skirt
Drake in necklaces,
Cow in matting -
There is nothing more expensive!
At our Danila's
The brute played out
And cows and bulls
Adam's apples gaped,
Ducks to the pipes,
Cockroaches to the drums;
Goat in a blue sundress,
In linen pants
In woolen stockings,
The ox is dancing
He waves his leg,
The cranes went to dance
Debts to show your legs,
Bang, bang, bang.
A family of goats doing peasant work:
The goat grinds flour,
The goat is sleeping
And the little goats
They walk in the barns.
By shape a fable is a short plot sketch, an everyday picture with specific content without a beginning or ending. Let's give an example of a fable where the characters are insects: cockroaches, mosquito, louse, flea:
The cockroach was chopping wood,
A mosquito walked on the water
My feet got stuck in the mud.
The flea raised -
My stomach was torn.
The louse was heating the bathhouse,
Gnitka cooked lye,
The louse went to steam
I fell out of a frenzy,
Hit the tub edge-on,
Thank God I died
The whole world is tired of it.
Plot completeness of the description, saturation with specific details, visual inconsistencies determine the semantic capacity, accurate and spectacular transmission of actions
Compositionally the upside-down consists of action pictures arranged in a chain and loosely connected to each other. It involves a rearrangement of the object of action or features that characterize different objects. Sometimes this verbal fun “takes on the character of a game of slip of the tongue”:
Where has this been seen?
Where have you heard this?
So that the hen gives birth to a bull,
The piglet laid an egg,
The armless man robbed the cage,
He put it in the bosom of a naked man,
The legless man ran skipping
The ending in fables is absent or does not affect the main content, being perceived as a complete summary:
The nit made alkali,
The louse went to steam
I fell out of a frenzy,
I hit the tub on the edge.
Thank God I died
The whole world is tired of it.
Some researchers believe that the opening, on the contrary, plays an important semantic role: “it immediately emphasizes that we are talking about nonsense, a fable that is not believed in.”
Narration in a fable it is told from the first or third
At our Danila's
The brute played out.
I lived with my mother
In a pine hut.
Slept on a pillow
On a feather bed.
The nature of rhyme in fables is varied. The most common adjacent rhymes are:
And the owner is putting on his shoes on the stove,
And the bear hangs around on the road,
And the pig is pushing oats under the bridge,
And the frog in the yard sings songs.
An example of cross rhyme combined with internal rhyme:
The goat sows flour
The goat is sowing
And the lambs are cool
They play the pipe
And white-sided magpies
Legs top top,
And the owls from the coal
The eyes clap-clap.
Internal rhymes are often found in combination with paired rhymes.
Jump-jump,
Young blackbird.
Changelings vary according to the genre model; sometimes it’s a short joke:
Eh, my boots are on cotton wool,
And the underwear is creaky.
Yes, I'm on a piebald cart
On a pine horse.
But maybe a whole song:
The bast is belted by a man.
A village was driving in the middle of a man,
Look from under the dog the gate is barking;
The gate is colorful, the dog is new.
The man grabbed the dog
And let's hit the stick.
The dog pressed the barn
Yes, she ran away.
The hut came to the man
There the woman is kneading the kneading dough.
There are reversals in the form of a narrative:
I got up in the morning, put shoes on my bare feet, put on an ax, tucked three skis into my belt, belted myself with a club, and supported myself with a sash. I did not walk along the wrong path; he tore up mountains near the basts; I went into an open field and saw a cow milking a woman under an oak tree. I say: “Auntie, mommy, give me one and a half cups of unleavened milk.” She didn't give it. I went out into the street: there was a husky dog (like a dog barking) at me; How should I defend myself? I saw a sleigh on the road, grabbed the sleigh from the shaft, gave the husky a whip and went home.
In this case, the plot unfolds as an unusual story that happened to the narrator himself. EAT. Levina believes that even when there are “motives of prosaic fables, repetitions rhythmically organize them.”
...Yes, not a chicken on the stupa soyagnilas,
A cow skied,
Yes, the pig built a nest in the spruce tree.
Yes, she made a nest and raised children.
Little children and little pigs.
The little piglet is still hanging from the branches,
Hanging on the branches and flying though.
Butt-eared pig
I built a nest on an oak tree,
Piglets piglets
Exactly sixty.
Released the piglets
All according to little bitches.
The piglets are squealing
I want to fly.
O.I. Kapitsa noted that fables are accompanied by so-called “big songs.” In most of them, the characters are animals that act like people. She considers the following to be the most common: “Goat”, “Matchmaking of an Owl”, “War of the Mushrooms”, “Tickety”, “Death and Funeral of a Mosquito”, “Let’s go, little wife, to make a house”, “I lived with the priest”.
Similar songs by P.V. Shane calls them satirical and buffoonish. “Almost all of them,” he notes, “are distinguished by a clear satirical character, the meaning and purpose of which have been smoothed out over time, as a result of which they have largely lost interest for people of older generations. But, thanks to the abundance of alliterations, tautologies and rhymes, as well as the ease of remembering their simple musical motives, they, so to speak, asked for their invaluable services to mothers, nannies, and mentors, for whom they were the most desirable, the most convenient and suitable means of borrowing and amuse your own and others' little ones in a pleasant way. These little ones, having grown up into adolescence, begin to use these same songs and jokes with pleasure.”
The lack of precise terminology led to the fact that in the first collection of “Russian Folk Songs” P. Shein placed these songs in the children’s section, and in “Velikorussa” he transferred them to the group of humorous songs for adults.
Among the big songs, we will first point out the song about the “goat”, widespread among Russians, Belarusians and Ukrainians. O.I. Kapitsa gives more than 10 versions of the song. It tells that grandmother's favorite goat went for a walk in the forest, and there he was torn to pieces by wolves. Professor V.N. Peretz points to the prototype of this song, found in a collection of Polish songs by Gintovt and Rudnitsky dating back to 1713.
Here is the beginning of the most common version of this song:
Once upon a time there lived a gray goat with my grandmother,
Grandmother loved the goat very much.
The goat decided to take a walk in the forest,
Gray wolves attacked the goat,
All that remains are the goat's horns and legs.
After each line the refrain “That’s how, that’s how” and two last words. Gradually, the text, simple in structure, develops into a song filled with various events, where a goat meets wolves and dies.
At the beginning, grandma's goat boasts:
Kill seven wolves
Sew a fur coat for Baba.
The goat turns out to be a coward and, upon meeting the bunny and the little fox, asks:
Aren't you my death?
Won't you eat me?
The animals respond to this
I am not your death
I won't eat you.
I'm already a bunny
I'm already white.
The goat then encounters seven wolves who attack him. The grandmother finds only his remains and arranges a wake for her pet. O.I. Kapitsa also gives an option with a happy ending, in which the goat deals with the wolves and returns home unharmed:
Oh you, grandma,
You, Varvarushka,
Open the gates
Take the goat.
The song ended up in a children's book and was widely used for pedagogical purposes. O.I. Kapitsa believed that it provides material for active children's games with singing for little ones, since “of all the big songs, it is especially close to children in form and content, which explains its popularity.” S.Ya. Marshak adapted the song into a play for the children's theater and for the Petrushka Theater. Obviously, O.I. Kapitsa is referring to S. Marshak’s play “The Tale of the Goat.”
No less common in terms of the number of variants is the song “Matchmaking and Wedding of an Owl”, in which birds act. It clearly has a satirical orientation. The characteristics of the birds that are offered to the bullfinch as a wife are distinctive. All of them are endowed with human qualities:
I would take a jackdaw - she has a club foot.
I would take the crow - she’s black.
I would take a swallow - she is fidgety.
I would take a cuckoo - it’s sad, etc.
At the same time, the groom is trying to find out the business qualities of his bride:
Do you, little owl, know how to spin and weave?
Do you know how to plow arable land?
Collections of children's fairy tales include the song “War of the Mushrooms”:
War was starting
In broad daylight.
It’s already started to fire,
The smoke just started pouring out.
As they said to the war
To our entire village,
Thought about it White mushroom -
Colonel to all mushrooms,
Sitting under the oak tree,
Looking at the mushrooms.
He turns to different mushrooms, but everyone refuses to go to war: the saffron milk caps say:
We are rich men
Not to blame for the regiments
Openki answer:
Our legs are very thin
We are not going to war, etc.
Finally, the milk mushrooms agree:
We guys are friendly
Give us sabers, guns,
We are protectors of the village,
We are going to war.
Children's songs are a parody of historical songs composed at the end of the 18th century under the influence of the Pugachev uprising. The lyrics ridiculed those who refused to go fight.
The songs “Let’s make a house, little wife,” and “I lived with the priest” are built on a number of onomatopoeias and names that characterize animals. The first song lists the animals purchased for the farm, the second - the animals given by the master to the worker for his service. Here's how the animals are characterized:
And the heifer is a boaster,
My mother-pester ram,
Kozinka Bela-Rusa,
The motley-pockmarked pig,
My duck is a float
My goose is a water sponge, etc.
Here is an example of onomatopoeia:
Kozynka - meke-keke,
Lamb - bya-bya, bya-bya,
Svinushka - rumbling, rumbling,
Turkey - shuldy-buldy,
Goose - ha-ga-gaga, etc.
Interaction of fables with literary forms. M.N. Melnikov and E.M. Levin shows the appearance of shapeshifters based on the book tradition: “A suitcase was sailing on the sea,” “The hut was walking along the bridge...”, “It was in January, the first of April.”
There are parodies of modern popular songs:
At the edge of the forest
Winter lived in a hut.
She cooked people...
Such texts contain motives of intimidation that are organically included in the structure of the genre. This circumstance brings parody songs closer to “ scary stories"and shows that the genre has not lost popularity in the modern children's environment.