Adjectives:

1) Adjectives with suffixes -an-, -yang-, -in- are written with one -n-: clay, silver, chicken. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

2) Adjectives with suffixes -onn-, -enn- written with two -n-: aviation, related.Exception : windy, oily.

3) In adjectives formed from the stem on -n using a suffix -n-, spelled two -n-:picturen -a + n th).

Participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

Two letters -n- are written in suffixes of full participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

1) if they have the prefix: everything is plowed, from boiled(But: with a mental boy, called brother);

2) if they have dependent words: Varennaya with milk;

3) if the word has suffixes -ova-, -eva-, -irova-: pickled, paved;

4) if the word is formed from an unprefixed verb of the perfect form (except wounded):deprived;

In short participles one is written -n-, and in adjectives - two (except for the masculine singular form). It is necessary to distinguish between full and short forms of passive past participles with suffixes -enn- And -nn- and adjectives formed from verbs. Compare:

well-mannered participle from the verb “to educate”; short form: brought up, brought up a, brought up o, brought up s And well-mannered adjective; short form: brought up, brought up, brought up, brought up.

How to distinguish? It’s possible according to the meaning, but it’s easier to try substituting the word ‘ more’:Masha was raised by her grandmother And Masha is well-mannered, polite and smart. As you can see, in the first case the substitution of the proposed word is inappropriate, but in the second it is quite possible. In addition, passive participles require the presence (at least on a subconscious level) of an indication of who performed the action indicated in the participle.

Writing one or two letters -n- V complex adjectives obeys the general rule: plain painted (paint, imperfect species); smoothly colored (painted, perfect view).

Adverbs, formed from adjectives with two -n-, also written with two -n-: were organized.

In nouns, formed from adjectives, participles and verbal adjectives, so many are written -n-, how many of them were in the production base: pupil ( from ‘ well-mannered’), martyr ( from ‘ tormented’) .

Two - n- written in all words formed from stems to -n, with a suffix starting with -n:foam (pen -a+n -y), hexagon (six+sided b+n ik).

Tasks.

His manners were not simple, but rather sophisticated. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and feeble streets, people were always sneaking around. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).

Manners are (what?) sophistication(1). This is a short adjective because it can be replaced with the full form exquisite. Determining the spelling full form: exquisite ... is formed from the verb find, which has the prefix from-. Thus, we write two NNs in both full and short form. Weak(2)th (which?) streets. This is a full adjective formed from the imperfect verb to pave. The prefix ne- does not affect the spelling, there are no suffixes -OVA/-EVA, and there are no dependent words either. We write one N. The car is underloaded (3) (what has been done?). This is a short participle, as it can be replaced with the verb underloaded. In short participles, one N is written. Thus, the correct option is answer No. 4.

Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place NN is written?

The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh wood, the windows were painted (2) white, a small porch on the side, decorated (3) with carvings, still smelled of resin.

In the foreground of the picture, against the background of figures of mummers with (2) sooty faces, a girlish figure in a snow-white dress with braided (3) sleeves stands out clearly.

Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers replaced by one letter N?

In the painting “Kermessa,” Rubens depicted a crowd of heated (1) townspeople, desperately (2) dancing a frenzied (3) dance.

Tables with examples.

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in adjectives formed from nouns

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in adjectives and participles formed from verbs

1) If adj. formed from verbs without prefixes (the prefix does NOT affect the spelling of N or NN) ( knitted, uncut) Excl.: slow, desired, sacred, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard	1) If adj. formed from verbs with prefixes (the prefix does NOT affect the spelling of N or NN) ( tied, beveled, built)
	2) If there is a suffix -OVA-, -EVA- ( organized excursion, uprooted forest) Excl.: forged, chewed(ov-, ev- is included in the root, not in the suffix)
	3) If there is a dependent word ( wicker)
	4) If adj. formed from verbs owls. type ( solved) Except: wounded
Compound adjectives Each part of a complex adjective is written according to the same rules, as the corresponding independent word
Fresh frozen – ice cream – freeze	Fresh frozen – frozen – freeze
Short adjectives There are as many N written as in the full form
Young artists	The road is long (long)
Short participles Only N is always written The job is done, the problem is solved, we are connected by a word
NOTE: If you find it difficult to distinguish between an adjective and a participle, first of all try to determine what attribute this word means. If the sign is temporary, limited, a sign of an action performed on an object, then this is a participle. (The girl was raised by her mother. The commission was formed yesterday) If a word denotes a feature that is constantly inherent in an object, then it is an adjective (The girl is raised and educated)

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in adverbs

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in nouns

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A13. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers replaced by one H?

Skillfully made (1) forged (2) beams (3) lattices of St. Petersburg are one of the decorations of the city.

1) 1,2 2) 2 3) 2, 3 4) 1, 3

A little theory

Despite the fact that the codifier talks about one and two letters N in the suffixes of various parts, in the control measuring materials we will also deal with words in which the spelling of two N is due to the fact that the first of the letters is part of the root (stem), and the second is the suffix -N- or part of a suffix starting with N.

Adjectives:

1) Adjectives with suffixes -an-, -yang-, -in- are written with one -n-: clay yang, silver yang, chicken. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

2) Adjectives with suffixes -onn-, -enn- written with two -n-: aviation, related. Exception: windy, oily.

3) In adjectives formed from the stem on -n using a suffix -n-, spelled two -n-: picture n-a + n th).

Participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

Two letters -n- are written in suffixes of full participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

1) if they have the prefix: all aroma, boiled(But: smart boy, called brother);

2) if they have dependent words: cook nnaya with milk ;

3) if the word has suffixes -ova-, -eva-, -irova-: pickled, paved;

4) if the word is formed from an unprefixed verb of the perfect form (except wounded): deprived;

In short participles one is written -n-, and in adjectives - two (except for the masculine singular form). It is necessary to distinguish between full and short forms of passive past participles with suffixes -enn- And -nn- and adjectives formed from verbs. Compare:

well-mannered participle from the verb “to educate”; short form: brought up, brought up, brought up, brought up And well-mannered adjective; short form: brought up, brought up, brought up, brought up.

How to distinguish? It’s possible according to the meaning, but it’s easier to try substituting the word ‘ more’: Masha was raised by her grandmother And Masha is well-mannered, polite and smart. As you can see, in the first case the substitution of the proposed word is inappropriate, but in the second it is quite possible. In addition, passive participles require the presence (at least on a subconscious level) of an indication of who performed the action indicated in the participle.

Writing one or two letters -n- V complex adjectives obeys the general rule: plain painted (paint, imperfect species); smoothly colored (painted, perfect view).

Adverbs, formed from adjectives with two -n-, also written with two -n-: went organized n o.

In nouns, formed from adjectives, participles and verbal adjectives, so many are written -n-, how many of them were in the production base: pupil ( from ‘ well-mannered’), martyr ( from ‘ tormented’) .

Two - n- written in all words formed from stems to -n, with a suffix starting with -n: foam (pen -a + n -th), hexagon (six + side + nick).

Spelling Н-НН in adjective suffixes. Rules and examples

So, first it is necessary to determine from which part of speech the adjective is formed, since it can be a denominal adjective, that is, formed from a noun, and a verbal adjective, formed from a verb.

Rule I. Н-НН in suffixes of adjectives formed from nouns

1. One letter n is written:

an, yang, in:leather - leather en oh, clay - clay yang oh, nightingale - nightingale in th; exception: in words tree Jann oh, tin Jann y, glass Jann th two letters n are written;

in primitive adjectives, or primordial adjectives: crimson n oh, eat n th, green n oh, beautiful n oh, sir n oh, si n yay, right n oh, blushing n oh, yu n y. In these adjectives the letters n is part of the root.

2. Two letters n are written:

in adjectives formed from nouns with a stem in n And me using a suffix n: seed - semen n oh, lemon - lemon n y.

In an adjective Semyon n Ouch two suffixes - en And n, so the word has two letters n. In a word lemon n th one letter n will refer to the root, and the second n- to the suffix, so it will also contain two letters n.

Note: adjective nameless, formed from a noun Name, can only be combined with the word finger (no name Jann th finger); with other words, for example, station, height, hero, etc. the adjective nameless is used (no name yonn height);

in adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes onnn-enn: celebration - celebrations enne oh, lecture - lecture he N th; exception: in a word wind en th one letter is written n, but in prefix formations two letters will be written n: without wind enne oh, about wind enne oh, about wind enne y, etc.

Rule II. Н-НН in suffixes of adjectives formed from verbs

One letter n is written:

in suffixes of adjectives formed from imperfective verbs: smoke - kopch en y sausage, dry - dry en y fish; exception: in words affairs NN oh, I wish NN oh, jama NN oh, slow enne oh, unseen NN oh, bad luck NN wow, amazing n oh, unexpectedly NN oh, unheard of NN oh, no way NN oh, sacred enne th, wow NN oh, check NN th spelled two n, despite the fact that these words are formed from imperfective verbs, as well as in words planting en th(father or mother) name n th(brother or sister), smart en y.

The verb asks the question: smoke(what to do?) is an imperfective verb, therefore the formed verbal adjective will be written with one n - kopch en oh sausage.

Two letters n are written:

• in suffixes of adjectives formed from perfective verbs: say - say NN oh word, buy - buy enne y tickets; exception: in a word wounds en th one letter is written n, in prefixed formations - two: from wounds enne oh, By wounds enne y.

The question is asked from the verb: to say (what to do?) is a perfective verb, therefore the formed verbal adjective will be written with two n - tale NN oh word;

• in suffixes Ovann-Evann full and short forms of adjectives formed from verbs: excite - excited NN aya actress, actress Vzvolnova NN a, organize - organize NN first students, students of organized NN s ; exception: in words chewing n oh, good bite n oh, kova n th one letter is written n, So ova-eva are part of the root, and are not part of the suffixes Ovann-Evann, but in prefix formations two letters will be written n: about chewing NN th , is biting NN oh, under kova NN y.

Spelling N and NN in different parts of speech


Spelling N and NN in nouns


1. NN is written:

1) if the root of the word ends in n and the suffix begins with n: elder-nick (elderberry), druzhin-nick (druzhina), malin-nick (raspberry), swindler-nick (moshna), aspen-nick (aspen), rowan-nick (rowan); besdorn-nits-a (dowry), besson-nits-a (sleep), zvon-nits-a (ringing), log-nits-a (log);

2) if the noun is formed from an adjective with nn, or from a participle: soreness (painful), agitation (excited), hryvnia (kryvnia), power of attorney (confided), cutesy (prissy), spoiled (spoiled), izbn-ik (chosen), exiled (expelled), konn-itsa (horse), koren-ik (indigenous), larch-itsa (deciduous), accident (accidental), education (educated), obshchestven-ik (public), organization ( organized), plenn-ik (captive), possan-ik (sent), privileged-ist (privileged), proizvodstven-ik (productive), millet-ik (millet), crafts-ik (craft), sotsanny-ik (related ), sacred-ik (sacred), seminal-ik (seminal), sov-ik (own), sovrem-ik (modern), coherence (coordinated), nebula (foggy).

2. N written in words: bagryan-itsa (crimson), varen-ik (boiled), windy-ost, windy-ik, windy-itsa (windy), gostin-itsa (living room), drovyan-ik (wood-burning), konoplyan-ik (hemp) , kopchen-ost (smoked), kostyan-ika (bone), maslen-itsa (oily), wiser-ost (sophisticated), ovsyan-itsa (oatmeal), peat-ik (peaty), smyshlen-ost (smart) and etc., as well as in the words alder-nik, omshan-ik.

Spelling Н and НН in suffixes of denominal adjectives (formed from the name of a noun)

1) for adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -enn-, -onn-: artificial, cranberry, straw, operating, session, station and etc.; This also includes adjectives formed from nouns ending in mya (time, flame, etc.): temporary, fiery, seed, nominal, tribal etc.

In an adjective windy one is written n , since it is formed not from the noun wind, but from the verb wind using a suffix -n- , which does not contradict the spelling rule n in verbal adjectives: weathered, weathered, windswept- formed from verbs;

2) for adjectives formed from adjectives using a suffix -enn-, indicating a large measure of a sign: tall, hefty, wide and etc;

3) for adjectives formed from nouns with base on n(second -n- adjective suffix): long (length), true (true), millionth (million), ancient (antique), canvas (canvas) and etc.

Adjectives like mutton, carp, seal are written with one n , since they are formed from nouns with a stem in n by adding a suffix - j - .

Words spicy, rosy, youthful written with one n (non-derivative adjectives); in words derived from them, one n is also written: spice, ruddy, blush, youth(But: youth, since this word is formed from the combination young naturalist).

2. N is written on adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -in-, -an-, -yang- : pigeon(pigeon), goose(goose), chicken, eagle, swan, leather(leather), sandy(sand), cereous(wax), linen(canvas), silver, wood-burning and etc.

Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

It is necessary to distinguish between adjectives, the spelling of which depends on their meaning:

A) windy- “accompanied by the wind, with the wind” (windy weather), “frivolous” - transl. (fickle girl, youth); wind— “powered by the force of the wind” (wind engine, pump, mill); in combination chickenpox the adjective is written with a suffix -yan- , cf.: chickenpox- colloquial;

b) buttery- “soaked in oil, lubricated, stained with oil” ( butter pancakes, porridge, hands), trans. ( oily eyes, oily voice, also: Shrovetide week - Maslenitsa); oil- “for oil, from oil, in oil” ( oil cookies, oil paint, oil engine, pump and so on.); compare: oil bottle(“intended for oil”) and buttery bottle(“stained with oil”);

V) silver- “subjected to silver, covered with silver” (silver spoon); silver- “made of silver” (silver spoon);

G) salty- “containing salt” (salted fish); salt- “consisting of salt” ( salt mine, salt pillar). In combination salt acid is written as a suffix on the adjective -yan- .

Spelling N and NN in verbal adjectives and participles

Full forms

Written with NN suffixes of full forms of passive past participles: -nn- And -yonn- (-enn- ). Adjectives correlative to them in form are written in some cases also with NN in a suffix, in others - with one n .

1. Written with NN participles and adjectives -ovanny, -evanny, -evanny(formed from verbs in -ow, -eat), For example: pampered, uprooted, lined, painted, organized; uprooted, spoiled, painted over, lined, reorganized.

2. Also written with NN communion not on -ovated (-evanny, – evanny) verbs perfect form and correlative adjectives; the vast majority of such verbs contain a prefix.

a) Examples of forms formed from prefixed verbs: bleached, washed, knitted, fried, written on, dyed, peeled, scolded, dyed, counted, unraveled, made.

b) A list of forms of native verbs without prefixes, as well as some verbs in which the prefix can only be distinguished etymologically: abandoned, given, finished, bought, deprived, captured, forgiven, abandoned, decided, captured, revealed; met, started, offended, acquired, obliged, visited, supplied.

Forms are also written according to this rule. two-species(having the meaning of both perfective and imperfective forms) verbs to marry, bequeath, promise, execute, give birth: married, bequeathed, promised, executed, born.

Exceptions. Are written with one n adjectives correlative with participial forms in the following stable combinations: finished man, named brother, named sister, imprisoned father, imprisoned mother, Forgiveness Sunday .

3. Participles are not on -ovated (-evanny, -evanny) verbs imperfect form(they are formed only from prefixless verbs) and the adjectives correlative with them are written differently: participles with NN , adjectives – with one n , For example: carts loaded with firewood, fish fried in oil, an oil painting, hair cut by a barber And short-cropped hair, green-painted benches, a floor that has not been swept for a long time, walls that have not yet been whitewashed, money that has been counted more than once, an offer made many times; But: loaded barge, Fried fish, written beauty, cut hair, painted benches, swept floor, whitewashed walls, a few minutes, feigned indifference; similarly knitted And knitted, ironed And ironed, woven And braided, brushed And cleaned; also written: chewed And chewed, pecked And pecking, forged And forged.

According to this rule, forms of two-type verbs are written concuss, baptize And injure. Wed: a shell-shocked soldier, a seriously wounded soldier, a soldier wounded in the leg, a newly baptized baby, But: shell-shocked commander, wounded soldier, baptized child.

As can be seen from the examples, the participle is recognized by the presence of dependent words. There are, however, rare cases when the dependent word is not a sign of the participle. For example, you should write: his mustache is clearly dyed (obviously artificial, where is the word obviously used with an adjective); the walls, previously whitewashed, are now covered with green paint (walls that used to be white).

In words with the prefix not-, in compound words and in some combinations? repetitions, the forms of participles and adjectives are written in the same way as in a separate (without prefix and not included compound word or repeat combinations) use .

1. Words with a prefix Not- :

Written with NN : uneducated, unlined, untested, unfinished, unbought, unforgiven ;

Written with n : unbleached, unironed, uninvited, unforged, unfed, unpainted, unmeasured, unpaved, unplowed, uninvited, uncounted.

2. Difficult words:

Written with NN : highly qualified, fully stamped, acquired, freshly painted, purposeful, born blind, insane;

Written with n : plain dyed, homespun, finely crushed, impostor, seriously wounded, whole-cut .

3. Repeat combinations with a prefix re- in the second part, having an intensifying meaning. In them, the second part is written in the same way as the first (with NN or n ), For example:

Written with NN : mortgaged-remortgaged, resolved-resolved ;

Written with n : patched-re-patched, washed-re-washed, mended-re-fixed, read-re-read, darned-re-darned.

Exceptions. Written with NN instead of n :

a) adjectives desired, awaited and (as part of stable combinations) has it been seen before?; Is it unheard of? They are formed from imperfect verbs wish, wait And see, hear .

Special cases: adjectives put on flooded sea; they are formed from imperfect prefix verbs put on, pour out, i.e. from verbs with a suffix — va- , which do not naturally form passive past participles;

b) adjectives with a prefix not-: unknown, unseen, unforeseen, unwanted, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected, unheard of, unexpected and (as part of a stable combination) watchful eye;

c) compound adjectives long-awaited, home-grown and (consisting of own name) Andrew the First-Called.

The second parts of these prefixed and compound adjectives also correspond to imperfective verbs.

Short forms

Short forms of passive past participles are written with one n , For example: read, read, read, read; read, read, read, read; tagged, tagged, tagged, tagged; marked, marked, marked, marked. Neuter forms are also written in impersonal use, for example: smoked, polluted, driven, walked, driven-crossed, walked-crossed .

Short forms (except for the masculine form) adjectives with a qualitative meaning, coinciding in form with the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn , For example: brought up, brought up, brought up(from adjective well-mannered‘discovering the results of good upbringing’); spoiled, spoiled, spoiled(from adjective spoiled‘accustomed to fulfilling one’s whims’); sublime, sublime, sublime(from adjective exalted‘full of high content’). Such adjectives have the forms comparative degree: more educated, more spoiled, more elevated.

Compare the following examples in pairs with short forms of participles and adjectives: She was raised by a distant relative . – She has good manners, she is well-mannered. She's spoiled good conditions – She is capricious and spoiled.

Brief adjective forms na-ny are written with one n , if these adjectives require dependent words and do not have a comparative form. Examples: attached to someone‘attached’ – She is very attached to him; full of something‘full, imbued’ – The soul is filled with sadness; heard about something‘well-informed’ – We've heard a lot about his tricks.

Some adjectives have different meanings short forms spelled differently. For example, different spellings of short forms of the word devotee: She is kind and loyal And She's dedicated. In the first example devoted- same adjective as educated, spoiled, sublime, it has a comparative degree more faithful; in the second - the same as attached, fulfilled, heard(requires dependent words: to anyone, anything).

Short forms of adjectives, expressing different emotional states, can be written with n or with NN depending on the conveyed shades of meaning. For example: She's excited(she feels nervous) – Her speech is excited(her speech reveals, expresses excitement). In the first case, it is also possible to write excited(which would emphasize that her appearance expresses excitement), and in the second case the writing excited impossible (since speech cannot ‘experience excitement’).

In difficult cases of distinguishing such short forms, one should refer to the academic “Russian Spelling Dictionary”.

Short forms of complex adjectives, the second parts of which coincide with the participles on -ny, written with n or NN depending on the value. Adjectives expressing characteristics that can be manifested to a greater or lesser extent, i.e. forming comparative forms, have short forms (except for the masculine form) with NN ; adjectives that do not allow comparative forms in meaning have short forms with one n , For example:

well-mannered, -no, -nny; landscaped, -no, -nny; self-confident, -no, -nny; purposeful, -no, -nny; purposeful, -no, -nny(there are comparative forms more well-mannered, more comfortable, more self-confident, more purposeful, more purposeful);

interconnected, -but, -us; interdependent, -but, -us; generally recognized, -but, -us; contraindicated, -but, -we(no forms of comparative degree).

Short forms of adjectives with a qualitative meaning, the full forms of which are conveyed in writing with one n , are written in the same way as complete ones. For example: done, done, done(from made‘unnatural, forced’); prostitute, confused, prostitutes(from confused‘illogical, confusing’); scientist, scientist, scientists(from scientist‘knowing something thoroughly’). Comparative forms are also written ( more elaborate, more confused, more learned) and adverbs -O (done, confused, learned).

Such adjectives are few in number; the vast majority of adjectives correlative with participles -ny have no qualitative significance; these are boiled, boiled, soaked, dried, chiseled and so on.

SPELLING N-NN IN ADVERB SUFFIXES

Adverbs on -O , formed from adjectives and passive participles, are written with double n or one n - depending on how the corresponding adjective or participle is written.

Written with NN : unexpected, unheard of(from unexpected, unheard of), excitedly, excitement (excited), confident;

Written with n : confusing (talks confusedly), confusion, confusion(from confused), learned (very learnedly expressed), windy (It's windy outside today).

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Spelling of one and two letters N in different parts of speech

How many n write in word hot(n, nn)y? How to correctly - mad or furious? When to write painted, and when - painted? If you periodically ask yourself such questions, then this article is for you.

One of the most dangerous places to choose n or NN– suffixes of adjectives and participles. Let's start with them.

First of all, let us remember: adjectives can be formed from nouns or from verbs, and therefore are divided respectively into denominal and verbal. Spelling Rules n, NN The adjectives of these two groups are different.



N, NN in denominal adjectives.

To choose the correct spelling n or NN For denominative adjectives, it is advisable to find out which specific noun they are formed from and with the help of which suffix.

Two n are written in denominative adjectives, which

• formed from words with a stem ending in n :

Limo NN th Limo n ),

old NN th(derived from the noun old n A).

Here is the diagram by which such adjectives are formed (at the end of the stem there was already a letter n, and when forming an adjective, another one was added - the suffix n):



According to this paragraph, they are written with two n and adjectives that are formed from indeclinable nouns - those that end in the nominative case in -me. The fact is that in indirect cases and in plural such words have a suffix EH- it closes the base, from which, with the help of a suffix N an adjective is formed:

name - im e n a – have NN Ouch,

tribe - tribe e n a – tribe NN Ouch,

time - time e n a – time NN oh,

flame - flame e n and - flame NN th and so on.

• have a suffix HE N or ENN:

lectures O NN oh,

razors e NN y.

The exception is the word in the wind n th. By the way, this word ceases to be an exception when the prefix is ​​added to it: in words the wind e NN th, no wind e NN th(and similar) in accordance with general rule is written NN.

One n written if denominative adjectives have suffixes AN, YAN, IN:

canvas I n oh,

Exceptions here are the words glass NN th, tin NN th, wood NN th, in which two are written n.

Should remember writing adjectives:



These adjectives are written according to tradition. One or two n they are usually explained in terms of their etymology, that is, their origin. Learn about the origin of adjectives authentic, spicy, boozy and other words of the Russian language can be found on the page "From the history of words".

N, NN in verbal adjectives.

Verbal adjectives were formed from imperfective verbs: fried(from fry), knitted(from to knit), painted(from paint).

In the suffixes of most of these adjectives it is written one n :

smoother n oh underwear,

boiling n oh milk,

cochet n oh grass.

Two n are written only in those verbal adjectives that have suffixes OVA, YOVA :

asphalt ova NN oh road,

gazir ova NN oh water,

cream ova NN th tooth,

cramps EveNN stump.

Verbal adjectives do not have dependent words and prefixes (except for the prefix Not, which, as is known, does not change the form of the verb and does not affect the spelling of one or two n in adjective suffixes: less ironed n oh laundry, not boiled n oh milk, nekoshe n y grass).

N, NN in participles.

Writing rule n, nn concerns passive past participles that have suffixes in their full form NN, ENN, YONN:

done NN oh,

sawing enne oh,

carried away yonn y.

These participles formed from perfective verbs- and this is their main difference from verbal adjectives, formed, as we have already noted, from imperfective verbs.

Participles can have prefixes (By painted floor) and dependent words ( painted yesterday floor), however they can be prefixless and used without dependent words ( solved problem, purchased items).

Full participles contain two letters n:

in the heat NN th potatoes,

heat NN potatoes in butter,

brooch NN th stone.

Short participles use one letter n:

roasted meat n O,

stones brooch n s,

problem solved n A.

You should remember the words in which the spelling n, NN traditionally and not subject to the rule:



Compound adjectives with the prefix PERE-.

Such words are found mainly in colloquial speech. They are formed by repetition, written with a hyphen and, despite the fact that in their second part there is a prefix RE-, one is written in both parts n:

smoother n oh-re-smooth n oh dress,

burden n y-carry n th jacket,

erased n s-over-washed n ed things.

How to distinguish participles from verbal adjectives?

Both participles and verbal adjectives are formed from verbs; these words are similar to each other, and sometimes they do not differ at all in pronunciation. However, verbal adjectives are written with one n, and participles - with two. Therefore, in order to avoid making a spelling mistake, you need to learn to clearly distinguish between the words of these parts of speech.

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The main difference is the type of verbs from which participles or adjectives are formed. Let us remind you once again: verbal adjectives are formed from imperfective verbs, participles - from perfective verbs:

knitted sweater- that is, a sweater that knitted (what they were doing?) – the word is formed from an imperfective verb and, therefore, is an adjective (which explains the spelling n).

decided question- that is, the question that decided (what did they do?)– the word is formed from a perfective verb decide and therefore is communion(this is what explains the writing NN).

Console.

Verbal adjectives do not have prefixes (except for the prefix NOT, which we have already mentioned). It turns out that the presence of a prefix is ​​a sign of the sacrament and a reason to write in full form NN:

With elm NN th sweater,

behind heat NN oh meat.

IN short form participles, we remind you that you need to write one n:

sweaters With elm n s,

vegetables behind heat n s.

Dependent words.

A verbal adjective can be turned into a participle by adding a dependent word (that is, the word to which we ask the question from the participle):

knitted sweater (knitted knitted mom sweater (knitted- participle),

fried potatoes (fried– verbal adjective) – fried in oil potato (fried- participle).

Verbs to knit And fry, from which both adjectives and participles are formed in this case, belong to the imperfect form - that is, they must form adjectives. However, with adjectives there are no dependent words. It turns out that by adding dependent words to itself, the verbal adjective automatically becomes a participle - with all the ensuing consequences (in its full form it is now written two n, in short – one n).

N, NN in nouns and adverbs.

Some nouns, as well as adverbs ending in -о, -е, were formed from adjectives or participles with n or NN. In such nouns and adverbs there are as many n written as in the words from which they are derived :

brought up NN IR(the noun is formed from the participle brought up NN th),

brew n IR(the noun is formed from a verbal adjective brew n th),

scared NN O(the adverb is formed from the participle scared NN th),

puta n O– (adverb formed from the verbal adjective puta n th).

In conclusion, another small list of words to memorize - this time nouns.

1. With one letter n are written:

1). Adjectives with a non-derivative base: red, young, blue. There is no suffix in such adjectives. The letter n is part of the root.

2). Denominate adjectives with the suffix -n: winter (from: winter), summer (from: summer).

3). Denominate adjectives with the suffixes -an, -yan: sandy, silver (adj. meaning “name of material, substance”), and -in: mouse, sparrow (adj. meaning “accessories”).

Exception:

wooden, tin, glass write with two letters NN.

4). Verbal adjectives, if there is no prefix and explanatory word: fried meat.

Exception:

Write with two letters NN words from the list:
given, arrogant, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesied, captivated, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, minted, cursed, unheard of, unseen, unexpected, unforeseen

Do not confuse!

The list of exceptions does not include words uninvited, uninvited, named, which are consistent with the data above. Write them according to the rule: unsolicited advice, uninvited guest,sworn brother.

5). Short adjectives in the masculine singular form: advice is valuable - (m.r.), as well as short adjectives in all other forms if they are formed from full adjectives with one letter n: red girl (from the full form with one letter n: red), the sun is red, the girls are red.

7). Adverbs ending in -o and -e, formed from adjectives with one letter n: windy, neat.

2. With two letters NN are written:

1). Denominate adjectives with the suffix -n if the noun root ends in a letter n: autumn, spring, sleepy.

2). Denominate adjectives with suffixes -enn, -onn: alphabetic, portioned.

Exception:

flighty man, windmill, chicken pox, But windless day,leeward side.

3). Verbal adjectives with the suffix -nn: uprooted area, defective item.
Figure out how the word is formed: defective ← reject + nn.
Write the suffix -NN in verbal adjectives formed from a generating stem with suffixes: -eva//-ova, -eva: uprooted←uproot, formed←form.

It’s easier to remember this way: adjectives ending in eva+nn+y, ova+nn+y, eva+nn+y.

4). Exceptional adjectives:

Exception: wood, tin, glass write with two letters - NN .
Exception: the, swaggering, abandoned, desired, bought, seen, made, cutesy, captive, deprived, sacred, read, desperate, embossed, damned, unheard of, unprecedented, inadvertent, unexpected(see point 5).

5). Passive past participles, if there are prefixes or explanatory words: a written essay, mittens knitted (by whom?) by grandmother, as well as participles and verbal adjectives formed from perfective verbs without prefixes: bought, abandoned, given (the latter are included in the list of words for memorization in paragraph 5 along with other examples).

6). Short adjectives formed from the full form with two letters NN(except for the form m.r. singular, in which there is always one letter n): the night is moonless, advice is valuable.

7). Adverbs ending in -o and -e, formed from adjectives with two letters NN: sincerely, thoughtfully, calmly.

Spelling: Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts speech (nouns, adjectives, participles, adverbs).

1. Two letters H written: 1) in adjectives formed using the suffix -n- from nouns with a stem on n(sleep - sleepy); 2) in adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -onn-, -enn-(station). Exception: windy.

2. One letter N written: 1) in the suffix -in-(goose); 2) in the suffix -an- (-yang-) adjectives formed from nouns (leather). Exceptions: tin, wood, glass.

3. B short adjectives the same number of letters is written n, so much in full. Tumanna (foggy).

4. Two letters N are written in suffixes of full participles and adjectives formed from verbs: 1) if they contain a prefix, except Not-; 2) if they include dependent words; 3) if the word has a suffix -ova-(-Eve-); 4) if the word is formed from an unprefixed perfective verb, except wounded. Dried, galvanized, stripped (from deprived - verb. Sov. v.), measured with a ruler

5. One letter N written in suffixes: 1) short passive participles; 2) prefixless adjectives formed from imperfective verbs, and also without a dependent word (confused answer). Exceptions; slow, desired, sacred, unexpected, unseen, unheard, unexpected.

6. In adverbs on -O (-e) is written the same amount n, how many are in the adjectives from which they are derived. Ordinary (ordinary).

Table “Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech”

Lesson summary “Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech.”