This is a list of Gods of ancient Greece for general development :)

Hades- God is the ruler of the kingdom of the dead.

Antey- hero of myths, giant, son of Poseidon and the Earth of Gaia. The earth gave its son strength, thanks to which no one could control him.

Apollo- god of sunlight. The Greeks depicted him as a beautiful young man.

Ares- god of treacherous war, son of Zeus and Hera

Asclepius- god of medicine, son of Apollo and the nymph Coronis

Boreas- god of the north wind, son of the Titanides Astraeus (starry sky) and Eos (morning dawn), brother of Zephyr and Note. He was depicted as a winged, long-haired, bearded, powerful deity.

Bacchus- one of the names of Dionysus.

Helios (Helium)- god of the Sun, brother of Selene (goddess of the Moon) and Eos (morning dawn). In late antiquity he was identified with Apollo, the god of sunlight.

Hermes- the son of Zeus and Maya, one of the most polysemantic Greek gods. Patron of wanderers, crafts, trade, thieves. Possessing the gift of eloquence.

Hephaestus- son of Zeus and Hera, god of fire and blacksmithing. He was considered the patron of artisans.

Hypnos- deity of sleep, son of Nikta (Night). He was depicted as a winged youth.

Dionysus (Bacchus)- the god of viticulture and winemaking, the object of a number of cults and mysteries. He was depicted either as an obese elderly man or as a young man with a wreath of grape leaves on his head.

Zagreus- god of fertility, son of Zeus and Persephone.

Zeus- supreme god, king of gods and people.

Marshmallow- god of the west wind.

Iacchus- god of fertility.

Kronos- Titan, youngest son of Gaia and Uranus, father of Zeus. He ruled the world of gods and people and was overthrown from the throne by Zeus...

Mom- son of the goddess of Night, god of slander.

Morpheus- one of the sons of Hypnos, god of dreams.

Nereus- son of Gaia and Pontus, meek sea god.

Note- the god of the south wind, depicted with a beard and wings.

Ocean- Titan, son of Gaia and Uranus, brother and husband of Tethys and father of all the rivers of the world.

Olympians- the supreme gods of the younger generation of Greek gods, led by Zeus, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus.

Pan- forest god, son of Hermes and Dryope, goat-footed man with horns. He was considered the patron saint of shepherds and small livestock.

Pluto- the god of the underworld, often identified with Hades, but unlike him, he owned not the souls of the dead, but the riches of the underworld.

Plutos- son of Demeter, god who gives wealth to people.

Pont- one of the senior Greek deities, the offspring of Gaia, the god of the sea, the father of many titans and gods.

Poseidon- one of the Olympian gods, brother of Zeus and Hades, who rules over the sea elements. Poseidon was also subject to the bowels of the earth,
he commanded storms and earthquakes.

Proteus- sea deity, son of Poseidon, patron of seals. He had the gift of reincarnation and prophecy.

Satires- goat-footed creatures, demons of fertility.

Thanatos- the personification of death, twin brother of Hypnos.

Titans- generation of Greek gods, ancestors of the Olympians.

Typhon- a hundred-headed dragon born of Gaia or Hera. During the battle of the Olympians and the Titans, he was defeated by Zeus and imprisoned under the volcano Etna in Sicily.

Triton- son of Poseidon, one of the sea deities, a man with a fish tail instead of legs, holding a trident and a twisted shell - a horn.

Chaos- endless empty space from which at the beginning of time arose ancient gods Greek religion - Nyx and Erebus.

Chthonic gods - deities of the underworld and fertility, relatives of the Olympians. These included Hades, Hecate, Hermes, Gaia, Demeter, Dionysus and Persephone.

Cyclops- giants with one eye in the middle of the forehead, children of Uranus and Gaia.

Eurus (Eur)- god of the southeast wind.

Aeolus- lord of the winds.

Erebus- personification of the darkness of the underworld, son of Chaos and brother of Night.

Eros (Eros)- god of love, son of Aphrodite and Ares. In the most ancient myths - a self-emerging force that contributed to the ordering of the world. He was depicted as a winged youth (in the Hellenistic era - a boy) with arrows, accompanying his mother.

Ether- sky deity

Goddesses of ancient Greece

Artemis- goddess of hunting and nature.

Atropos- one of the three moiras, cutting the thread of fate and ending a human life.

Athena (Pallada, Parthenos)- the daughter of Zeus, born from his head in full military armor. One of the most revered Greek goddesses, the goddess of just war and wisdom, the patroness of knowledge.

Aphrodite (Kytharea, Urania)- goddess of love and beauty. She was born from the marriage of Zeus and the goddess Dione (according to another legend, she came out of the sea foam)

Hebe- daughter of Zeus and Hera, goddess of youth. Sister of Ares and Ilithyia. She served the Olympian gods at feasts.

Hecate- goddess of darkness, night visions and sorcery, patroness of sorcerers.

Gemera- goddess of daylight, personification of the day, born of Nikta and Erebus. Often identified with Eos.

Hera- the supreme Olympian goddess, sister and third wife of Zeus, daughter of Rhea and Kronos, sister of Hades, Hestia, Demeter and Poseidon. Hera was considered the patroness of marriage.

Hestia- goddess hearth and home and fire.

Gaia- mother earth, foremother of all gods and people.

Demeter- goddess of fertility and agriculture.

Dryads- lower deities, nymphs who lived in trees.

Ilithia- patron goddess of women in labor.

Iris- winged goddess, assistant of Hera, messenger of the gods.

Calliope- muse of epic poetry and science.

Kera- demonic creatures, children of the goddess Nikta, bringing troubles and death to people.

Clio- one of the nine muses, the muse of history.

Clotho ("spinner")- one of the moiras spinning thread human life.

Lachesis- one of the three Moira sisters, who determine the fate of every person even before birth.

Summer- Titanide, mother of Apollo and Artemis.

Mayan- a mountain nymph, the eldest of the seven Pleiades - the daughters of Atlas, the beloved of Zeus, from whom Hermes was born to her.

Melpomene- the muse of tragedy.

Metis- the goddess of wisdom, the first of the three wives of Zeus, who conceived Athena from him.

Mnemosyne- mother of nine muses, goddess of memory.

Moira- goddess of fate, daughter of Zeus and Themis.

Muses- patron goddess of the arts and sciences.

Naiads- nymphs-guardians of waters.

Nemesis- daughter of Nikta, a goddess who personified fate and retribution, punishing people in accordance with their sins.

Nereids- fifty daughters of Nereus and the oceanids Doris, sea deities.

Nika- personification of victory. She was often depicted wearing a wreath, a common symbol of triumph in Greece.

Nymphs- lower deities in the hierarchy of Greek gods. They personified the forces of nature.

Nikta- one of the first Greek deities, the goddess - the personification of the primordial Night

Orestiades- mountain nymphs.

Ory- goddess of the seasons, peace and order, daughter of Zeus and Themis.

Peyto- goddess of persuasion, companion of Aphrodite, often identified with her patroness.

Persephone- daughter of Demeter and Zeus, goddess of fertility. The wife of Hades and the queen of the underworld, who knew the secrets of life and death.

Polyhymnia- the muse of serious hymn poetry.

Tethys- daughter of Gaia and Uranus, wife of Ocean and mother of the Nereids and Oceanids.

Rhea- mother of the Olympian gods.

Sirens- female demons, half-woman, half-bird, capable of changing the weather at sea.

Waist- the muse of comedy.

Terpsichore- muse of dance art.

Tisiphone- one of the Erinyes.

Quiet- the goddess of fate and chance among the Greeks, companion of Persephone. She was depicted as a winged woman standing on a wheel and holding a cornucopia and a ship's rudder in her hands.

Urania- one of the nine muses, patroness of astronomy.

Themis- Titanide, goddess of justice and law, second wife of Zeus, mother of mountains and moira.

Charites- goddess of female beauty, the embodiment of a kind, joyful and eternally young beginning of life.

Eumenides- another hypostasis of the Erinyes, revered as goddesses of benevolence, who prevented misfortunes.

Eris- daughter of Nikta, sister of Ares, goddess of discord.

Erinyes- goddesses of vengeance, creatures of the underworld, punishing injustice and crimes.

Erato— Muse of lyrical and erotic poetry.

Eos- goddess of the dawn, sister of Helios and Selene. The Greeks called it “rose-fingered.”

Euterpe- muse of lyrical chant. Depicted with a double flute in her hand.

And finally, a test to find out what kind of God you are

tests.ukr.net

Which Greek god are you?

Vulcan - god of fire

In a world where there are so many deceivers, you are a true treasure. You may not be very attractive in appearance, but kind heart attracts any woman to you. You have true maturity, which all women so want to see and so rarely find in men. Intelligence and charm make you the man many ladies would like to marry. As for bed, here too you shine with many talents. Your passion is a true volcano, just waiting in the wings to erupt. The woman with you is a violin in the hands of a master. The main thing is not to overdo it, otherwise your partner may go crazy with happiness! One night with you is enough to say - you are the god of sex.

The religion of Ancient Greece belongs to pagan polytheism. The gods played important roles in the structure of the world, each performing its own function. The immortal deities were similar to people and behaved quite humanly: they were sad and happy, quarreled and reconciled, betrayed and sacrificed their interests, were cunning and were sincere, loved and hated, forgave and took revenge, punished and had mercy.

The ancient Greeks used the behavior, as well as the commands of gods and goddesses, to explain natural phenomena, the origin of man, moral principles, and social relations. Mythology reflected the Greeks' ideas about the world around them. Myths originated in different regions of Hellas and over time merged into an orderly system of beliefs.

Ancient Greek gods and goddesses

The gods and goddesses belonging to the younger generation were considered the main ones. The older generation, who embodied the forces of the universe and natural elements, lost dominance over the world, unable to withstand the onslaught of the younger ones. Having won, the young gods chose Mount Olympus as their home. The ancient Greeks identified 12 main deities among all deities. olympian gods. So, the gods of Ancient Greece, list and description:

Zeus - god of Ancient Greece- in mythology called the father of the gods, Zeus the Thunderer, lord of lightning and clouds. It is he who has the powerful power to create life, resist chaos, establish order and fair justice on earth. Legends tell about the deity as a noble and kind creature. The Lord of Lightning gave birth to the goddesses Or and the Muses. The Or govern time and the seasons of the year. Muses bring inspiration and joy to people.

The wife of the Thunderer was Hera. The Greeks considered her the quarrelsome goddess of the atmosphere. Hera is the keeper of the home, the patroness of wives who remain faithful to their husbands. With her daughter Ilithia, Hera eased the pain of childbirth. Zeus was famous for his passion. After three hundred years of marriage, the lord of lightning began to visit ordinary women, who gave birth to heroes - demigods. Zeus appeared to his chosen ones in different guises. Before the beautiful Europa, the father of the gods appeared like a bull with golden horns. Zeus visited Danae like a shower of gold.

Poseidon

Sea god - ruler of the oceans and seas, patron saint of sailors and fishermen. The Greeks considered Poseidon a just god, all of whose punishments were deservedly sent to people. Preparing for the voyage, the sailors offered prayers not to Zeus, but to the ruler of the seas. Before going to sea, incense was offered on altars to please the sea deity.

The Greeks believed that Poseidon could be seen during a strong storm on the open sea. His magnificent golden chariot emerged from the sea foam, drawn by fleet-footed horses. The ruler of the ocean received dashing horses as a gift from his brother Hades. Poseidon's wife is the goddess of the roaring sea, Amphthrita. The trident is a symbol of power, giving the deity absolute power over deep sea. Poseidon had a gentle character and tried to avoid quarrels. His loyalty to Zeus was not questioned - unlike Hades, the ruler of the seas did not challenge the primacy of the Thunderer.

Hades

Master of the Underworld. Hades and his wife Persephone ruled the kingdom of the dead. The inhabitants of Hellas feared Hades more than Zeus himself. It is impossible to get into the underworld - and even more so, to return - without the will of the gloomy deity. Hades traveled across the surface of the earth in a chariot drawn by horses. The horses' eyes glowed with hellish fire. People prayed in fear so that the gloomy god would not take them to his abodes. Hades' favorite three-headed dog Cerberus guarded the entrance to the kingdom of the dead.

According to legends, when the gods divided power and Hades gained dominion over the kingdom of the dead, the celestial being was dissatisfied. He considered himself humiliated and harbored a grudge against Zeus. Hades never openly opposed the power of the Thunderer, but constantly tried to harm the father of the gods as much as possible.

Hades kidnapped the beautiful Persephone, the daughter of Zeus and the fertility goddess Demeter, by force making her his wife and ruler of the underworld. Zeus did not have power over the kingdom of the dead, so he refused Demeter’s request to return her daughter to Olympus. The distressed goddess of fertility stopped caring for the earth, there was a drought, then famine came. The Lord of Thunder and Lightning had to conclude an agreement with Hades, according to which Persephone would spend two thirds of the year in heaven, and a third of the year in underground world.

Pallas Athena and Ares

Athena is probably the most beloved goddess of the ancient Greeks. Daughter of Zeus, born from his head, she embodied three virtues:

• wisdom;
• calm;
• insight.

The goddess of victorious energy, Athena was depicted as a powerful warrior with a spear and shield. She was also a deity clear skies, had the power to disperse dark clouds with her weapons. The daughter of Zeus traveled with the goddess of victory Nike. Athena was called upon as the protector of cities and fortresses. It was she who sent down fair state laws to Ancient Greece.

Ares - deity of stormy skies, Athena's eternal rival. The son of Hera and Zeus, he was revered as the god of war. A warrior filled with rage, with a sword or spear - this is how the ancient Greeks imagined Ares. The God of War enjoyed the noise of battle and bloodshed. Unlike Athena, who fought battles judiciously and honestly, Ares preferred fierce fights. The God of War approved the tribunal - a special trial over especially brutal killers. The hill where the courts took place was named after the warlike deity Areopagus.

Hephaestus

God of blacksmithing and fire. According to legend, Hephaestus was cruel to people, frightening and destroying them with volcanic eruptions. People lived without fire on the surface of the earth, suffering and dying in the eternal cold. Hephaestus, like Zeus, did not want to help mortals and give them fire. Prometheus - Titan, the last of the older generation of gods, was an assistant to Zeus and lived on Olympus. Filled with compassion, he brought fire to earth. For stealing fire, the Thunderer doomed the titan to eternal torment.

Prometheus managed to escape punishment. Possessing prophetic abilities, the titan knew that Zeus was in danger of death at the hands of his own son in the future. Thanks to Prometheus's hint, the lord of lightning did not unite in marriage with the one who would give birth to a patricidal son, and strengthened his rule forever. For the secret of maintaining power, Zeus granted the titan freedom.

In Hellas there was a running festival. Participants competed with lit torches in their hands. Athena, Hephaestus and Prometheus were symbols of the triumph that served as the birth Olympic Games.

Hermes

The deities of Olympus were not only characterized by noble impulses, lies and deceit often guided their actions. God Hermes is a rogue and thief, the patron of trade and banking, magic, alchemy, and astrology. Born by Zeus from the Mayan galaxy. His mission was to convey the will of the gods to people through dreams. From the name of Hermes comes the name of the science of hermeneutics - the art and theory of interpretation of texts, including ancient ones.

Hermes invented writing, was young, handsome, energetic. Antique images depict him as a handsome young man in a winged hat and sandals. According to legend, Aphrodite rejected the advances of the god of trade. Gremes is not married, although he has many children, as well as many lovers.

The first theft of Hermes was 50 cows of Apollo, he committed it at a very young age. Zeus gave the kid a good beating and he returned the stolen goods. Subsequently, the Thunderer more than once turned to his resourceful son to solve sensitive problems. For example, at the request of Zeus, Hermes stole a cow from Hera, into which the beloved of the lord of lightning turned.

Apollo and Artemis

Apollo is the sun god of the Greeks. Being the son of Zeus, Apollo winter time spent in the lands of the Hyperboreans. God returned to Greece in the spring, bringing awakening to nature, immersed in hibernation. Apollo patronized the arts and was also the deity of music and singing. After all, along with spring, the desire to create returned to people. Apollo was credited with the ability to heal. Just as the sun drives out darkness, so the celestial being drove out illnesses. The sun god was depicted as an extremely handsome young man holding a harp.

Artemis is the goddess of hunting and the moon, patroness of animals. The Greeks believed that Artemis took night walks with the naiads - the patroness of the waters - and shed dew on the grass. At a certain period in history, Artemis was considered a cruel goddess who destroys sailors. Human sacrifices were made to the deity to gain favor.

At one time, girls worshiped Artemis as the organizer of a strong marriage. Artemis of Ephesus began to be considered the goddess of fertility. Sculptures and pictures of Artemis depicted a woman with many breasts on her chest to emphasize the goddess's generosity.

Soon the sun god Helios and the moon goddess Selene appeared in legends. Apollo remained the deity of music and art, Artemis - goddess of the hunt.

Aphrodite

Aphrodite the Beautiful was worshiped as the patroness of lovers. The Phoenician goddess Aphrodite combined two principles:

• femininity when the goddess enjoyed love young man Adonis and the singing of birds, the sounds of nature;
• militancy, when the goddess was portrayed as a cruel warrior who obliged her followers to take a vow of chastity, and was also a zealous guardian of fidelity in marriage.

The ancient Greeks managed to harmoniously combine femininity and belligerence, creating a perfect image of female beauty. The embodiment of the ideal was Aphrodite, bringing pure, immaculate love. The goddess was depicted as a beautiful naked woman emerging from the foam of the sea. Aphrodite is the most revered muse of poets, sculptors, and artists of that time.

The son of the beautiful goddess Eros (Eros) was her faithful messenger and assistant. The main task of the god of love was to connect the life lines of lovers. According to legend, Eros looked like a well-fed baby with wings.

Demeter

Demeter is the patron goddess of farmers and winemakers. Mother Earth, that’s what they called her. Demeter was the embodiment of nature, which gives people fruits and grains, absorbing sunlight and rain. They depicted the goddess of fertility with light brown, wheat-colored hair. Demeter gave people the science of arable farming and crops grown with hard work. The daughter of the goddess of wine, Persephone, becoming the queen of the underworld, connected the world of the living with the kingdom of the dead.

Along with Demeter, Dionysus, the deity of winemaking, was revered. Dionysus was portrayed as a cheerful young man. Usually his body was entwined with a vine, and in his hands the god held a jug filled with wine. Dionysus taught people to care for vines and sing wild songs, which later formed the basis of ancient Greek drama.

Hestia

Goddess of family well-being, unity and peace. The altar of Hestia stood in every house near the family hearth. Residents of Hellas perceived urban communities as large families, so sanctuaries of Hestia were always present in prytanae (administrative buildings in Greek cities). They were a symbol of civil unity and peace. There was a sign that if you take coals from the prytanean altar on a long journey, the goddess will provide her protection along the way. The goddess also protected foreigners and the afflicted.

Temples to Hestia were not built, because she was worshiped in every home. Fire was considered a pure, cleansing natural phenomenon, so Hestia was perceived as the patroness of chastity. The goddess asked Zeus for permission not to marry, although Poseidon and Apollo sought her favor.

Myths and legends have evolved over decades. With each retelling, the stories acquired new details, and previously unknown characters emerged. The list of gods grew, making it possible to explain natural phenomena the essence of which ancient people could not understand. Myths passed on the wisdom of older generations to young ones, explained government structure, affirmed the moral principles of society.

The mythology of Ancient Greece gave humanity many stories and images that were reflected in the masterpieces of world art. For centuries, artists, sculptors, poets and architects have drawn inspiration from the legends of Hellas.

Adonis is the deity of dying and resurrecting nature, borrowed from Phenicia in the 5th century. BC e. At the request of Zeus, Adonis had to spend a third of the year with Aphrodiges, a third of the year with Persephone.

Hades is one of the main Greek gods, the ruler of the kingdom of the dead and the entire underworld. Brother of Zeus, Poseidon and Demeter.

Amphitrite is a sea goddess, wife of Poseidon, mistress of the seas.

Apollo (Phoebus) is one of the main Greek gods, the son of Zeus, brother of Artemis. Deity of the sun, sunlight, enlightenment, patron of art, personified by 9 muses, agriculture, guardian of herds, roads, travelers, sailors, warrior god, healer god and soothsayer god. The most important centers of the cult of Apollo in Greece were Delphi with its famous oracle, the islet of Delos and Didyma near Miletus.

Ares (or Ares) - god of war, military art, son of Zeus and Hera. One of the main Olympic deities.

Artemis is one of the main goddesses, part of the family of 12 Olympic deities, patroness of forests, forest vegetation, animals, natural fertility, including childbirth, daughter of Zeus, twin sister of Apollo.

Asclepius is the god of healing and medical art, son of Apollo.

Athena is one of the main goddesses of the Greek pantheon, was part of the family of 12 Olympian gods, the patroness of wisdom, science, crafts, victorious war and peaceful prosperity, the main goddess of Athens and Attica. Born in an unusual way: Athena came out of the head of Zeus.

Aphrodite is one of the main goddesses of Greece, part of the family of 12 Olympian deities, daughter of Zeus; according to another version, she was born from sea foam, the goddess of beauty, sensual love, female fertility and love charm.

Hebe is the goddess of youth, daughter of Zeus and Hera. On Olympus she offered ambrosia and nectar to the gods.

Hecate is one of the goddesses of the underworld, the mistress of shadows in the underworld, the goddess of ghosts and nightmares, magic and spells. Like Artemis, she was considered the mistress of beasts. Daughter of Zeus.

The hecatomb is the main sacrifice at temples of a hundred animals or more.

Helios is one of the main Greek gods, especially in the Hellenistic era. The sun god was often identified with Apollo. Son of the titan Hyperion.

Hera is one of the main Greek goddesses, a member of the family of 12 Olympian gods, the sister and wife of Zeus, the mother of Hebe, Hephaestus and Areya, the queen on Olympus. As the female hypostasis of Zeus - the mistress of lightning and thunder, clouds and storms, another function of Hera is the patroness of marriage and conjugal love, guardian of family foundations, assistant to pregnant women and mothers.

Hercules is a Greek hero, awarded immortality and ranked among the host of Olympian gods for his exploits. The 12 main labors of Hercules are known: 1) strangled the Nemean lion, 2) killed the Lernaean hydra, 3) caught the Erymanthian boar that was devastating Arcadia, 4) captured the fleet-footed Cerynean hind, 5) killed the Stymphalian bird-monsters with copper beaks, claws and wings, 6 ) obtained the belt of Hippolyta, the cruel queen of the warlike Amazons, 7) cleared the stables of King Augeas, 8) pacified the Cretan bull spitting fire, 9) defeated King Diomedes, who threw strangers to be torn to pieces by his cannibal mares, 10) stole the cows of the three-headed giant Geryon, 11 ) obtained the golden apples of the Hesperides, which were brought to him by Atlas, the giant who supported the firmament. When Atlas went for apples, Hercules held the firmament for him, 12) caught and brought into the sunlight the formidable guardian of the underworld - the dog Kerberus. In addition, Hercules defeated the giant Antaeus, tearing him away from mother earth, who gave him strength, and strangled him in his arms. As a baby, he strangled a snake in a cradle, took part in the campaign of the Argonauts, in the Calydonian hunt, etc.

Hermes (Ermius) - a member of the Olympic family, one of the main Greek gods, was the messenger and messenger of the gods, fulfilling their will, but at the same time performed numerous functions, was the patron of heralds, gymnastic competitions of youth, trade and associated wealth, cunning, dexterity, deception and theft, travel, roads and crossroads. Son of Zeus and Maya. He accompanied the souls of the dead to the kingdom of Hades.

Hestia is a member of the Olympian family, the goddess of the hearth, the sister of Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades.

Hephaestus is a member of the Olympic family, patron of fire and blacksmithing, son of Zeus and Hera, husband of Aphrodite.

Gaia is one of the oldest and most important goddesses of the Greek pantheon, the personification of the earth, the ancestor of gods, titans, giants, and all people.

The giants are the sons of Gaia (earth) and Uranus (sky) - divine giants, the first generation of gods, which were replaced by a new generation of Olympian gods led by Zeus. According to myth, the giants were exterminated by the Olympian gods in a fierce battle.

Hymen is the god of marriage and marriage rites, the son of Apollo.

Demeter is a member of the Olympic family, one of the main Greek goddesses, the deity of agriculture and earthly fertility, germinating grain; She was also revered as the patroness and organizer of the economy of a separate family, the sister of Zeus.

Demons are a special group of minor divine beings - spirits with unclear functions; they did not have any image, they were the personification of everything unclear, miraculous and fatal in nature and the life of an individual person.

Dike is the deity of truth, the personification of justice, the daughter of Zeus.

Dionysus is one of the oldest and most popular gods of Ancient Greece, the personification of dying and resurrecting nature, the patron of vegetation, the productive forces of nature, viticulture and winemaking, folk festivals, poetic inspiration and theatrical art. Son of Zeus.

Zeus is the supreme god and king of the gods who are part of the Olympian family. The deity of the sky, celestial space, the lord and master of everything that happens in nature, the lives of gods and people, the future and destiny are open to him. As the god of the sky, Zeus commands thunder and lightning, gathers and disperses clouds. Zeus is the father of most members of the Olympian family of gods. One of the main centers of his cult was the town of Olympia in Elis, where the Olympic Games were held in his honor.

Ilithyia is the goddess of childbirth, daughter of Zeus and Hera.

Iris is the goddess of the rainbow. Since the rainbow connects heaven and earth, Iris was considered a mediator between gods and people, conveying the will of the gods.

Cabirs are minor deities who did not have any image, patrons of land fertility, underground fire, and saved from sea storms.

Kekrop is an ancient Attic deity of the earth, the son of Gaia, one of the patrons of Attica and Athens. His cult is closely related to the cult of Athena.

Kronos (Kronos) is one of the most ancient Greek deities, the son of Uranus and Gaia, one of the titans of the first generation of Greek gods. The father of Zeus was cast into Tartarus by Zeus.

Latona (Leto) is the divine mother of Apollo and Artemis. Her cult had no independent significance; she was revered along with her popular children.

Moira - goddess of human destiny, daughter of Zeus. They were depicted as old women spinning the thread of human life. Three Moirai are known: Clotho begins to spin the thread, Lachesis leads the thread of human life, and Atropa cuts the thread.

Morpheus is the deity of dreams, the son of the god of sleep Hypnos.

The Muses, goddesses of poetry, art and science, companions of Apollo, lived on Mount Helicon and Parnassus. There were nine muses: Clio - the muse of history, Euterpe - the muse of lyricism, Thalia - the muse of comedy, Melpomene - the muse of tragedy, Terpsichore - the muse of dancing and choral singing, Erato - the muse of erotic poetry, Polyhymnia - the muse of solemn chants and pantomime, Urania - the muse of astronomy , Calliope is the elder muse, the patroness of epic poetry.

Naiads are deities, patroness of waters, springs, streams and rivers, forces of nature favorable to people, animals and plants.

Nemesis is the goddess of fair and inevitable retribution, punishing for violation of the established order of things, punishing both excessive happiness and too much pride.

Nereus is an ancient sea deity, the father of the Nereids, the personification of the calm sea. Like the changeable sea, Nereus could take on different images and had the gift of transformation.

Nereids - nymphs of the sea, daughters of Nereus. They help sailors in danger.

Nike is the daughter of Zeus, the personification of victory in both military battle and sports competition.

Nymphs are semi-divine creatures (since they were considered mortal), the personification of various forces and natural phenomena. Nymphs differed sea ​​waters(oceans, nereids), river waters and springs (naiads), mountains (oreads), valleys (napeys), meadows (limoniads), trees (dryads), there were nymphs of certain places (dodons, nisas), islands (Calypso, Kirka) . They were considered patrons of poets and carefree, happy pastimes.

Ocean is one of the oldest Greek sea deities, the son of Uranus and Gaia. He lived alone in an underwater palace and did not appear in the meetings of the gods. In classical times, his functions were transferred to Poseidon.

Olympus - sacred mountain Greeks in Northern Thessaly, the permanent residence of twelve main deities: Zeus, Poseidon and Hades (brother gods, lords of the sky, sea and underworld), their wives and children: Hera, Demeter, Hestia, Athena, Aphrodite, Apollo, Artemis, Hephaestus and Ares. The messengers of their will, Hermes and Iris, also live here, as well as those serving the gods “Femvda and Hebe.”

Omphalus is a sacred stone (usually a meteorite). The most famous is the omphalos, kept in the temple of Apollo at Delphi, considered the center of the world.

An oracle is a place of communication between gods and people, where you can find out the will of the deity. The most famous oracle was the oracle of Apollo in Delphi, where the deity’s prophecies were transmitted through the priestess Pythia; in Dodona, the will of Zeus was manifested in the rustling of the leaves of the sacred oak, in Delos - the leaves of the sacred laurel. The transmitted will of the gods was interpreted by a special priestly board.

Ora - goddesses who were in charge of the change of seasons, order in nature, guardians of order and law in society, companions of Aphrodite. The most famous are the three Oras: Eunoia (legality), Dika (justice), Eirene (peace).

Palladium is an image of an armed deity, usually the oldest wooden statue, considered the guardian of the city. Apollo, Aphrodite, but most often Athena, from whose nickname “Pallas” the name came, had such palladiums.

Pan is the Arcadian god of forests and groves, the son of Hermes, one of the companions of Dionysus. Patron of shepherds, hunters, beekeepers and fishermen. Pan had the gift of instilling uncontrollable, so-called “panic” fear in people.

Panacea is a healing goddess, daughter of Asclepius.

Pegasus is a magical winged horse that delivered thunder and lightning by order of Zeus. In the Hellenistic era it became a symbol of poetic inspiration.

Persephone is the daughter of Demeter, the wife of Hades, one of the main goddesses of the Greek pantheon, the mistress of the underworld, the personification of the growth of cereals and earthly fertility. Persephone symbolizes the annual dying and awakening of vegetation, the burial and rebirth of grain sown in the ground.

Plutos is the god of wealth as one of the manifestations of agricultural labor and peaceful life.

A pomp is a solemn procession of a religious nature associated with the offering of gifts to the temple of the main deity of the polis, for example during the celebration of the Panathenaia in honor of Athena, the Eleusinian mysteries in honor of Demeter, etc.

Poseidon is one of the main Olympic gods, the brother of Zeus, the deity of sea moisture, the ruler of numerous sea deities and at the same time the patron of horse breeding.

Prometheus is one of the Titans, that is, the gods of the first generation from Gaia and Uranus, the patron saint of people and civilized life; gave people fire and introduced it to its use, taught people reading, writing, navigation, sciences and crafts. He aroused the wrath of Zeus, who chained him to a rock in the Caucasus, where an eagle that flew in every day pecked out his liver.

Proteus, a sea deity subordinate to Poseidon, had the ability to take on any form.

Rhadamanthus is one of the three judges of the underworld, the son of Zeus.

Rhea is a mother goddess, daughter of Uranus and Gaia, wife of Kronos, mother of Zeus and other Olympian Kronid gods.

Sabazius was originally a Phrygian deity, who later merged with Dionysus.

Satyrs, minor forest deities personifying fertility, were in the retinue of Dionysus. They were depicted as half-humans, half-goats.

Selene - goddess of the Moon, wife of Helios, was often identified with Artemis.

Sarapis is one of the most important gods of Hellenistic Egypt and the peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean, a syncretic deity that combines the functions of the ancient Egyptian gods Osiris, Isis, Apis and the Greek gods Apollo, Hades, Asclepius.

Silenus - the demon, son of Hermes, teacher of Dionysus, was depicted in the form of a thick, wine skin, constantly drunk, cheerful, bald old man.

Sirens are half-birds, half-women. With their magical voice they lured sailors onto the rocks and then devoured them.

The Sphinx is a monster depicted as a winged lion with the head of a woman. The monster lived near Thebes and killed people who could not guess its riddles.

Titans are gods of the first generation, children of Uranus and Gaia, they are often identified with giants. The giant titans were defeated by the next generation of Olympian gods and cast down into Tartarus; in other myths, they moved to the islands of the blessed.

Typhon is an evil deity, depicted as a monster with a hundred snake heads spewing flame, the son of Gaia and Tartarus, born after the victory of the Olympians over the Titans.

Tyche is the goddess of fate and chance; her cult gained particular popularity in the Hellenistic era.

Triton is a minor sea deity, son of Poseidon.

Uranus, the primordial supreme deity, the personification of the primary masculine principle, was considered the god of Heaven, which united with the primary feminine principle, the goddess Gaia (earth). From this marriage titans, giants and other deities were born.

Phaeton is the lowest solar deity, the son of Helios.

Phoenix is ​​a mythical character, depicted as a bird (an eagle with golden feathers), which, having reached old age (at 500, 1461, 7006 years), burned itself and was reborn from the ashes young and renewed.

Themis is the goddess of law, legality, established order and predictions. She was depicted with a cornucopia, scales in her hands and a blindfold.

Chaos is the primary uncertainty that exists before the creation of the world. The first creatures of Chaos were the deities Gaia, Tartarus, Eros (love), Erebus (darkness), and Night.

Charites are deities of fertility, beauty, joy, the personification of blooming femininity, the daughter of Zeus.

Charon is the deity of the underworld, the carrier of the souls of the dead across the river of the underworld Acheron.

Chimera is a monster with the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon.

Elysia (Elysian Fields) - fields of the blessed, part of the afterlife, where the chosen ones of the gods live. According to the ideas of the ancient Greeks, people end up in Elysia not so much for a righteous life, but by the grace of the gods.

Eris is the goddess of discord, sister and companion of the god of war Ares, daughter of Night, mother of disasters, quarrels and hunger.

Erinnyes are three goddesses of vengeance living in Hades (Tisiphone, Allecto and Megaera). They punish crimes of oath, violation of customs of hospitality, and murder. A person pursued by Erinnyes loses his mind.

Eros - one of the primary Greek gods, a product of Chaos, personified the elemental connecting principle in nature, later the deity of love, the son of Aphrodite and Ares.

Ether is a deity personifying the upper radiant layer of air, where the king of the gods Zeus usually resided.

god of light in ancient Greek mythology

Various plots of ancient Greek myths constantly appear in the works of ancient Greek writers; On the eve of the Hellenistic era, a tradition arose to create their own allegorical myths based on them.

In Greek drama, many mythological plots are played out and developed. The largest sources are:

Homer's Iliad and Odyssey
"Theogony" by Hesiod
"Library" of Pseudo-Apollodorus
“Myths” by Guy Julia Gigin
"Metamorphoses" by Ovid
"The Acts of Dionysus" - Nonna

The most ancient gods of the Greek pantheon are closely connected with the pan-Indo-European system of religious beliefs; there are parallels in the names - for example, the Indian Varuna corresponds to the Greek Uranus, etc.

d. [source not specified 724 days]

Further development of mythology went in several directions:

accession to the Greek pantheon of some deities of neighboring or conquered peoples
deification of some heroes; heroic myths begin to merge closely with mythology
The famous Romanian-American researcher of the history of religion, Mircea Eliade, gives the following periodization of ancient Greek religion:

BC e. - Cretan-Minoan religion.
15th - 11th centuries BC e. - archaic ancient Greek religion.
11th - 6th centuries BC e. - Olympic religion.
6th - 4th centuries BC e. - philosophical-Orphic religion (Orpheus, Pythagoras, Plato).
3rd - 1st centuries BC e. - religion of the Hellenistic era.

Zeus, according to legend, was born in Crete, and Minos, after whom the Cretan-Minoan civilization is named, was considered his son. However, the mythology that we know, and which the Romans later adopted, is organically connected with the Greek people.

We can talk about the emergence of this nation with the arrival of the first wave of Achaean tribes at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. e. In 1850 BC. e. Athens, named after the goddess Athena, had already been built. If we accept these considerations, then the religion of the ancient Greeks arose somewhere around 2000 BC. e.

Muses
Calliope - muse of epic poetry
Clio - the muse of history in ancient times Greek mythology
Erato - muse of love poetry
Euterpe - muse of lyric poetry and music
Melpomene - the muse of tragedy
Polyhymnia - the muse of solemn hymns
Terpsichore - the muse of dance
Talia - the muse of comedy and light poetry
Urania - muse of astronomy

Cyclopes
(often "cyclops" - in Latin transcription)

Arg - "lightning"
Bronte - "thunder"
Sterop - “shine”

Hecatoncheires
Briareus - strength
Gies - arable land
Kott - anger

Giants
(some of about 150)

Agrius
Alcyoneus
Gration
Clytius
Mimant
Pallant
Polybotes
Porphyrion
Toon
Eurytus
Enceladus
Ephialtes

Other gods
Nike - goddess of victory
Selene - goddess of the moon
Eros - god of love
Hymen - god of marriage
Iris - goddess of the rainbow
Ata - goddess of delusion, darkness of the mind
Apata - goddess of deception
Adrastea - goddess of justice
Phobos - deity of fear, son of Ares
Deimos - god of horror brother Phobos
Enyo - goddess of furious and frantic war
Asclepius - god of healing
Morpheus - god of dreams (poetic deity, son of Hypnos)
Himeroth - god of carnal love and amorous pleasure
Ananke - the deity-embodiment of inevitability, necessity
Aloe - the ancient deity of threshed grain

god of light, patron of sciences and arts

God is the patron of the arts

God of light, music and medicine, son of the Titanide Leto and the god Zeus (Latona and Jupiter in Roman mythology), twin brother of the goddess Artemis (Roman.

Diana) (mythical)

Sun god in ancient Greek mythology

God, symbol of beauty, patron of the arts in ancient Greek mythology

In Greek mythology - god-healer and soothsayer, patron of the arts

Beautiful large day butterfly of the swallowtail family, common in Europe and Asia

The cult of this greek god came from Asia Minor

Lit.-art.

magazine 1909-1917, was associated with symbolism, later with Acmeism

Minor planet, asteroid

Male name: (Greek) after the sun god and patron of the arts

The most slender and handsome man of all times and peoples of ancient Greek nationality

American spaceship series

Minor planet

. "Minister of Culture" among the Olympian gods

Film by Ron Howard.

Football club from Cyprus

The name of the Russian poet Maykov

The cult of this ancient Greek god became most widespread on the island of Delos and in the city of Delphi.

Painting by the French painter N. Poussin. and Daphne"

He has many names: Protector, Averter of Evil, Guide of the Muses, Healer, Shepherd, Caregiver, Lover of Daphne, and name his most famous name

It was believed that he had no equal in the possession of the lyre

God who lived on Parnassus

What god is a handsome, superbly built man named after?

Patron of the Muses

Greek god launched into space by Americans

Divine butterfly

Character from the opera by the German composer K.

Gluck "Alceste"

A story by Russian writer A. Averchenko

Day butterfly (European part)

Tomato variety

American spaceship

God, patron of the arts in ancient Greek mythology

God from Helikon

Another name is Phoebe

Both God and the ship

God is the standard of beauty

God is a healer and prophet

God rhyming with standard

Docked with Soyuz

Very large butterfly

Minister of Culture among the Gods

The first rocket to land on the moon

The standard of male beauty

God, patron of the muses

Young man with cithara

What god did the Italian Giovani Tiepolo paint next to the nymph Daphne?

God launched into space

US spacecraft

Belvedere handsome

. "ally" of the Soyuz ship

Belvedere (statue)

In Greek mythology, the god of wisdom, patron of the arts

Swallowtail butterfly

A small planet with a diameter of about 1 km, discovered by K.

Reinmuth (Germany, 1932), revolves around the Sun in an elongated elliptical orbit with a period of 1.81 years

Series of American 3-seat spaceships

Minor planet

Minister of Culture among the Olympian Gods

story about god apollo

In the mythology of Ancient Greece, Apollo is a golden-haired, silver-bowed god.

This is the guardian of herds, light, sciences and arts, a healer god, leader and patron of the muses, a predictor of the future, roads, travelers and sailors. Apollo personified the Sun.

Apollo's father was Zeus and his mother was Leto. The god was born on the floating island of Asteria, who accepted Zeus's beloved Leto. Hera, by the way, forbade her to set foot on solid ground.

The island where Apollo and Artemis were born. after that it began to be called Delos. And the palm tree under which the birth took place became sacred, like the very place of Apollo’s birth.

Sculpture of Apollo in the Louvre

Quite early, Apollo matured and, being very young, killed the serpent Python, who was devastating the surroundings of Delphi.

Here, on the site where the oracle of Gaia and Themis once was, Apollo founded his oracle. He also established the Pythian Games in Delphi. In the Tempe Valley, Apollo received purification from the murder of Python, and the inhabitants of Delphi glorified him.

With his arrows, Apollo also struck the giant Tityus, who tried to insult Leto, and the Cyclops, who forged lightning for Zeus. In addition, he took part in the battles of the Olympians with giants and titans. The arrows of Apollo and Artemis were so destructive that they brought sudden death old people, sometimes even they struck without any reason.

In the Trojan War, Apollo acted as an assistant to the Trojans. By throwing arrows for nine days, Apollo caused a plague to break out in the Achaean camp. The golden-haired god invisibly participated in the murder of Patroclus by Hector and Achilles by Paris. In a musical competition, Apollo defeated the satyr Marsyas and flayed him.

Also known are the battles between Apollo and Hercules, who tried to take possession of the Delphic tripod.

Apollo and Hyacinth

However, Apollo had not only destructive actions, but also healing ones.

For example, during the Peloponnesian War he stopped the plague. Apollo the prophet is credited with the founding of sanctuaries in Asia Minor and Italy - in Claros, Didyma, Colophon, Cumae.

Apollo the prophet endowed Cassandra with the prophetic gift, but as soon as she rejected him, he made it so that people simply did not trust her prophecies. There were also soothsayers among the children of Apollo: Branchus, Sibylla, Pug, Idmon.

Apollo and Daphne

Apollo is not only a shepherd and guardian of flocks, but also the founder and builder of cities, the ancestor and patron of tribes.

In addition, Apollo is also a musician; he received the cithara from Hermes in exchange for cows.

Ancient Greek gods

It is not surprising that Apollo patronized singers and musicians.

Interesting to know: Apollo's nicknames: Alexikakos ("abhorrer of evil"), Apotropaeus ("abhorrer"), Prostatus ("intercessor"), Akesius ("healer"), Paean or Paeon ("resolver of diseases"), Epicurius ("trustee").

Apollo's attributes were a silver bow and golden arrows, a golden cithara or lyre.

Symbols: olive, iron, laurel, palm tree, dolphin, swan, wolf.

The main places of veneration of Apollo are Delphi and the island of Asteria (Delos), on which delias, that is, holidays in honor of Apollo, were held every four years in late summer, during which it was forbidden to wage war and carry out executions.

goddess of science and art

goddess of arts and science in ancient Greek mythology

In Greek mythology, each of the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, patroness of poetry, arts and sciences

Each of the nine patron goddesses of sciences, arts, etc.

Greek myth

Female name (Greek inspiration)

. The poet's "guest"

Goddess inspiring bohemia

In Greek mythology: goddess, patroness of the arts and sciences

Rhyme Inspirer

Inspires the poet

Lady from Parnassus

Daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne

generic or family name for banana plant and related tropical plants. figurative meaning from Greek fables: graceful inspiration, artistic gift. Museum or museum m. Greek.

a collection of rarities or remarkable objects in any branch of science and art; building for this; storage, storage Museum related to it. Museum worker m. caretaker of the museum

Female name

Female name: (Greek) inspirer, name of the goddess of science and art

The name of the actress Krepkogorskaya

The name of the actress Krepkogorskaya, wife of Georgy Yumatov

Source of inspiration

Source of poetic inspiration

The poet's capricious girlfriend

Who inspires the poet?

Muzochka has become an adult

Grown-up Muzochka

The work of the Russian writer I.

Bunin from the collection “Dark Alleys”

With a lyre in his hands he flies to the poet

Poetry stimulant

Poem by the 19th century Russian poet S. Nadson

Poem by Russian poet E. Baratynsky

Member of the artistic council of Olympus

Cherry variety

Inspiring visitor

Creative inspiration, its source

Character in the novel “Masons” by A. Pisemsky

Patroness of poetry

Poem by A.

S. Pushkin

The poet's work, its features

A work by the Russian writer I. Bunin from the collection “Dark Alleys”

Poem by N.

Nekrasova

Poem by A. Akhmatova

Inspirer of Poets

She brings inspiration

Euterpe, Calliope

Clio or Erato

. "guest" of the poet

Who inspires the poet?

The poet's ephemeral assistant

And Clio, and Thalia, and Euterpe

The one that inspires the poet

Ancient Greek mythology

To do this, write in the missing names of the ancient Greek gods opposite their corresponding Roman gods.

Hermes, Poseidon, Aphrodite, Demeter, Zeus, Hephaestus, Ares, Persephone, Artemis, Athena.

Answer to the question:

WHO'S WHO IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY

Apollo (known to the Romans by the same name)

beautiful sun god.

Legislator, archer, patron of the arts. Son of Zeus and Leto, twin brother of Artemis. Sometimes he is called by the name Helios.

Ares (Romans Mars)

god of war, archetypal warrior, dancer and lover.

Gods of Ancient Greece: list, names, character

The son of Zeus and Hera, despised by his father for his quarrelsome character. Lover of Aphrodite, who bore him a daughter, Harmony, and two sons, Phobos (fear) and Deimos (terror). These sons accompany Ares in battle.

Artemis (Romans Diana)

goddess of the hunt and the moon. Daughter of Zeus and Leto, twin sister of Apollo, the sun god.

Athena (Romans Minerva)

goddess of wisdom and handicrafts, patroness of the city of Athens named after her, assistant to many heroes. Athena, usually depicted in armor, is a consummate military strategist. She remembers only one of her parents, Zeus, but she also has a mother, Metis. Even before Athena was born, Zeus swallowed Metis, his first wife.

Aphrodite (Roman Venus)

goddess of love and beauty. The unfaithful wife of Hephaestus, the lame god of the forge, she indulged in love with many gods and mortals.

Most notable is her romance with Ares, the god of war.

Hades (Hades) (Romans Pluto)

ruler of the underworld, son of Rhea and Kronos, kidnapper and husband of Persephone. Brother of Zeus and Poseidon, one of the three aspects of the father archetype.

Rules the kingdom of souls and the collective unconscious.

Hera (Romans Juno)

goddess of marriage. The wife of the depraved Zeus, Hera appears in mythology as a vengeful and jealous wife.

Hermes (Romans Mercury)

messenger of the gods, patron of merchants, messengers, travelers and thieves. Accompanies souls to Hades. Saved Dionysus and brought Persephone out of the underworld. Lover of Aphrodite, who gave birth to Hermaphrodite from him.

Hestia (Romans Vesta)

goddess of the hearth and temple. The least famous of the Olympians. Her presence made ancient Greek temples sacred.

Represents the archetype "I".

Hephaestus (Vulcan to the Romans)

lame god of the forge, the only working Olympian. Aphrodite's husband is a cuckolded husband. A son rejected by Hera (who conceived him without a father) and Zeus (his stepfather). Archetypal roles - artisan, cripple, loner.

goddess of the earth. Mother and wife of Uranus (sky), mother of the Titans and grandmother of the first generation of Olympians.

Demeter (Romans Ceres)

goddess of fertility, mother of Persephone, kidnapped by Hades.

Dionysus (Romans Bacchus)

god of wine and ecstasy. Son of Zeus and Semele. For some time, Zeus carried Dionysus in his own thigh.

His archetypal roles are the ecstatic lover, the vagabond and the mystic.

Zeus (Romans Jupiter)

the supreme god of Olympus, the god of thunder and lightning, the youngest son of Rhea and Kronos.

He overthrew the Titans and established the power of the Olympians over the entire universe. The depraved husband of Hera, who had several wives before her. The father of numerous offspring (the result of countless love affairs). Some of his children formed the second generation of Olympians, the rest were heroes of Greek myths.

Kronos (Romans Saturn)

Titan, youngest son of Gaia and Uranus.

Kronos castrated his father and became the supreme god in his place. Husband of Rhea and father of six Olympians (Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Zeus). Kronos swallowed the first five children immediately after their birth. Overthrown by his own youngest son, Zeus.

Persephone (to the Romans Proserpina)

The Greeks also called this goddess Kora, or girl. The kidnapped daughter of Demeter, Persephone became the ruler of the underworld.

Poseidon (Neptune to the Romans)

god of the sea and shaker of the earth's firmament. He competed with Athena for the city of Athens and lost. Brother of Hades and Zeus. One of the three aspects of the father archetype.

daughter of Gaia and Uranus, sister and wife of Kronos. Mother of Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon and Zeus.

the first heavenly god, the son of Gaia and her husband.

The father of the Titans, he was castrated and overthrown by his own son, Kronos.

Transitions:

Important information

Gods of Ancient Greece

Gods of Olympus of Ancient Greece

The names of the ancient Greek gods that everyone knows - Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hephaestus - are actually the descendants of the main inhabitants of heaven - the Titans.

Having defeated them, the younger gods, led by Zeus, became the inhabitants of Mount Olympus. The Greeks worshiped, revered and paid tribute to the 12 gods of Olympus, personifying in Ancient Greece elements, virtue or the most important areas of social and cultural life.

Worshiped Ancient Greeks and Hades, but he did not live on Olympus, but lived underground, in the kingdom of the dead.

Who is more important? Gods of Ancient Greece

Gods of Ancient Greece They got along well with each other, but sometimes there were clashes between them.

From their life, which is described in Ancient Greek treatises, the legends and myths of this country emerged. Among the celestials there were those who occupied the high steps of the podium, while others were content with glory, being at the feet of the rulers. The list of gods of Olympia is as follows:

• Zeus.

• Hera.

• Hephaestus.

• Athena.

• Poseidon.

• Apollo.

• Artemis.

• Ares.

• Demeter.

• Hermes.

• Aphrodite.

• Hestia.

Zeus- the most important of all.

He is the king of all gods. This thunderer personifies the endless firmament. Led by lightning.

It is this ruler who distributes good and evil on the planet, the Greeks believed. The son of the titans married his own sister. Their four children were named Ilithyia, Hebe, Hephaestus and Ares. Zeus is a terrible traitor. He constantly engaged in adultery with other goddesses. He did not neglect earthly girls either.

Zeus had something to surprise them with. He appeared to the Greek women either in the form of rain, or as a swan or a bull. Symbols of Zeus are eagle, thunder, oak.

Poseidon. This god ruled over the sea elements. In importance he was in second place after Zeus. In addition to oceans, seas and rivers, storms and sea monsters, Poseidon was “responsible” for earthquakes and volcanoes. In ancient Greek mythology, he was the brother of Zeus. Poseidon lived in a palace underwater.

He rode around in a rich chariot drawn by white horses. The trident is the symbol of this Greek god.

Hera. She is the main of the female goddesses. This celestial goddess patronizes family traditions, marriage and love unions.

Hera is jealous. She cruelly punishes people for adultery.

Apollo- son of Zeus. He is the twin brother of Artemis. Initially, this god was the personification of light, the sun. But gradually his cult expanded its borders. This god turned into the patron of the beauty of the soul, mastery of art, and everything beautiful.

The muses were under his influence. Before the Greeks, he appeared in a rather refined image of a man with aristocratic features. Apollo played excellent music and was engaged in healing and divination. He is the father of the god Asclepius, the patron saint of doctors. At one time, Apollo destroyed the terrible monster that occupied Delphi. For this he was exiled for 8 years. Later he created his own oracle, the symbol of which was the laurel.

Without Artemis The ancient Greeks did not imagine hunting.

The patroness of forests personifies fertility, birth and high relations between the sexes.

Athena. Everything related to wisdom, spiritual beauty and harmony is under the auspices of this goddess. She is a great inventor, lover of science and art. Artisans and farmers are subordinate to her. Athena “gives the go-ahead” for the construction of cities and buildings. Thanks to her, public life flows smoothly.

This goddess is called upon to protect the walls of fortresses and castles.

Hermes. This ancient Greek god is quite mischievous and has earned the reputation of being a fidget.

Hermes is the patron of travelers and traders. He is also the messenger of the gods on earth. It was on his heels that charming wings began to shine for the first time. The Greeks attribute traits of resourcefulness to Hermes. He is cunning, smart and knows all foreign languages. When Hermes stole a dozen cows from Apollo, earning his wrath. But he was forgiven, because Apollo was captivated by the invention of Hermes - the lyre, which he presented to the god of beauty.

Ares.

This god personifies war and everything connected with it. All kinds of battles and battles - under the representation of Ares. He is always young, strong and handsome. The Greeks painted him as powerful and warlike.

Aphrodite. She is the goddess of love and sensuality. Aphrodite constantly incites her son Eros to shoot arrows that ignite the fire of love in the hearts of people.

Goddesses of ancient Greece

Eros is the prototype of the Roman Cupid, a boy with a bow and quiver.

Hymen- god of marriage. Its bonds bind the hearts of people who met and fell in love with each other at first sight. Ancient Greek wedding chants were called "hymens".

Hephaestus- god of volcanoes and fire.

Potters and blacksmiths are under his patronage. This is a hardworking and kind god. His fate did not turn out very well. He was born with a limp because his mother Hera threw him from Mount Olympus.

Hephaestus was educated by the goddesses - the queens of the sea. He returned to Olympus and generously rewarded Achilles, presenting him with a shield and Helios with a chariot.
Demeter.

She personifies the forces of nature that people have conquered. This is agriculture. A person’s entire life is under the watchful control of Demeter - from birth to deathbed.
Hestia.

This goddess patronizes family ties, protects the hearth and comfort. The Greeks took care of offerings to Hestia by setting up altars in their homes. All residents of one city are one big community-family, the Greeks are sure. Even in the main city building there was a symbol of Hestia's sacrifices.
Hades- ruler of the kingdom of the dead.

In his underground world, dark creatures, dark shadows, and demonic monsters rejoice. Hades is considered one of the most powerful gods. He moved around the kingdom of Hades in a chariot made of gold. His horses are black. Hades - owns untold wealth.

All the gems and ores that are contained in the depths belong to him. The Greeks feared him more than fire and even Zeus himself.

Except 12 gods of Olympus and Hades, the Greeks also have a lot of gods and even demigods. All of them are descendants and brothers of the main celestials.

Each of them has its own legends or myths.

Sun god in Greek mythology

Helios is the sun god in Greek mythology. His parents were the titans Hyperion and Fairy. He was considered a pre-Olympic god and ruled high above people and gods. From there he watched everyone and at any time I could punish or reward. The Greeks often called him "all-seeing." By the way, other gods turned to him to find out each other’s secrets.

Helios was considered a god who measures the passage of time and protects days, months and years.

Who is the sun god in Greece?

According to myths, Helios lives on the eastern side of the Ocean in a huge palace, which is surrounded by four seasons. His throne is made of precious stones. Helios was woken up every day by the rooster, which is his sacred bird. After this, he sat in a fiery chariot drawn by four fire-breathing horses, and began his journey across the sky to the east, where he also had a beautiful palace.

Greek goddesses: names and myths. Greek goddess of the rainbow

At night, the god of light and sun returned home across the ocean on a golden cup made by Hephaestus. Several times Helios had to deviate from his schedule. So one day Zeus ordered the sun god not to go to heaven for three days.

It was during this period that the wedding night of Zeus and Alcmene took place, as a result of which Hephaestus appeared. After the Titans were overthrown, all the gods began to share power and everyone forgot about Helios. He began to complain to Zeus and he created the island of Rhodes in the sea, dedicated to god sun.

The ancient Greek sun god was most often depicted on a chariot, with sun rays around his head.

In some sources, Helios is represented in a dazzling haze with burning, terrible eyes, and on his head he has a golden helmet. The sun god usually held a whip in his hands. On one of the statues, Helios is represented as a dressed young man. He has a ball in one hand and a cornucopia in the other. According to existing legends, Helios had many mistresses. One of the mortal girls was turned into heliotrope, whose flowers always turned to follow the movement of the sun.

Another lover was turned into incense. It was these plants that were considered sacred to Helios. As for animals, the most significant for the sun god in Ancient Greece were the rooster and the nut.

The wife of Helios is the oceanid Persian, who bore him a son in the east, who was the king of Colchis, and on the western side she gave him a daughter and she was a powerful sorceress.

According to existing information, Helios had another wife, Rod, who is the daughter of Poseidon. The myths say that Helios is a gossip who often revealed the secrets of other gods. For example, he told Hephaestus about Aphrodite’s betrayal with Adonis. That is why the sun god in ancient Greek mythology was hated by the goddess of love. Helios owned seven herds of fifty cows and the same number of rams. They did not reproduce, but they were always young and lived forever.

The sun god loved to spend his time watching them. One day, Odysseus's companions ate several animals, and this led to a curse from Zeus.

In Greece there were quite a few temples dedicated to Helios, but there were many statues.

The most popular of them is the Colossus of Rhodes, which was considered one of the wonders of the world. This statue is made of an alloy of copper and iron, and it is located at the entrance to the port of Rhodes. By the way, it reaches a height of approximately 35 m. The god held a torch in his hands, which was always burning and served as a beacon.

It took 12 years to build, but eventually it collapsed during one of the earthquakes. This happened 50 years after the completion of construction.

The Greek cult of Helios was adopted by the Romans, but it was not so popular and widespread among them.

The life of the ancient Greek gods on Mount Olympus seemed to people to be pure fun and a daily celebration. The myths and legends of those times represent a storehouse of philosophical and cultural knowledge. Having looked at the list of gods of Ancient Greece, you can plunge into a completely different world. Mythology surprises with its uniqueness; it is important because it pushed humanity to the development and emergence of many sciences, such as mathematics, astronomy, rhetoric, and logic.

First generation

Initially there was Mist, and out of it Chaos arose. From their union came Erebus (darkness), Nyx (night), Uranus (sky), Eros (love), Gaia (earth) and Tartarus (abyss). All of them played a gigantic role in the formation of the pantheon. All other deities are somehow connected with them.

Gaia is one of the first deities on earth, appearing along with the sky, sea and air. She is the great mother of everything on earth: the heavenly gods were born from her union with her son Uranus (sky), the sea gods from Pontos (sea), the giants from Tartaros (hell), and mortal beings were created from her flesh. She was depicted as an obese woman, half rising from the ground. We can assume that it was she who came up with all the names of the gods of Ancient Greece, a list of which can be found below.

Uranus is one of the primitive gods of Ancient Greece. He was the original ruler of the universe. He was overthrown by his son Kronos. Born by one Gaia, he was also her husband. Some sources call his father Akmon. Uranus was depicted as a bronze dome covering the world.

List of gods of Ancient Greece, born of Uranus and Gaia: Oceanus, Cous, Hyperion, Crius, Thea, Rhea, Themis, Iapetus, Mnemosyne, Tethys, Kronos, Cyclopes, Brontes, Steropes.

Uranus did not feel much love for his children, or rather, he hated them. And after birth, he imprisoned them in Tartarus. But during their rebellion he was defeated and castrated by his son Kronos.

Second generation

The Titans, born of Uranus and Gaia, were the six gods of time. The list of titans of Ancient Greece includes:

Ocean - tops the list of gods of Ancient Greece, titanium. Represented big river, surrounding the earth, was the reservoir of all fresh water. Oceanus's wife was his sister, the Titanide Tethys. Their union gave birth to rivers, streams and thousands of oceanids. They did not take part in the Titanomachy. The ocean was depicted as horned bull with a fish tail instead of legs.

Kay (Koi/Keos) - Phoebe's brother and husband. Their union gave birth to Leto and Asteria. Depicted as a celestial axis. It was around her that the clouds revolved and Helios and Selene walked across the sky. The couple were thrown by Zeus into Tartarus.

Crius (Krios) is an ice titan capable of freezing all living things. He shared the fate of his brothers and sisters, thrown into Tartarus.

Iapetus (Iapetus/Iapetus) - the most eloquent, commanded the titans when attacking the gods. Also sent by Zeus to Tartarus.

Hyperion - lived on the island of Trinacria. He did not take part in the Titanomachy. The wife was the titinide Thea (thrown into Tartarus along with her brothers and sisters).

Kronos (Chronos/Kronus) is the temporary ruler of the world. He was so afraid of losing the power of the supreme god that he devoured his children so that not one of them would lay claim to the throne of the ruler. He was married to his sister Rhea. She managed to save one child and hide him from Kronos. Overthrown by his only saved heir, Zeus, and sent to Tartarus.

Closer to people

The next generation is the most famous. They are the main gods of Ancient Greece. The list of their exploits, adventures and legends with their participation is very impressive.

They not only became closer to people, descending from heaven and emerging from chaos to the top of the mountain. The gods of the third generation began to contact people more often and more willingly.

Zeus especially boasted about this, who was very partial to earthly women. And the presence of the divine wife Hera did not bother him at all. It was from his union with man that the well-known hero of myths, Hercules, was born.

Third generation

These gods lived on Mount Olympus. They got their title from its name. There are 12 gods of Ancient Greece, the list of which is known to almost everyone. They all performed their functions and were endowed with unique talents.

But more often they talk about fourteen gods, the first six of which were the children of Kronos and Rhea:

Zeus - main god Olympus, the ruler of the sky, personified power and strength. God of lightning, thunder and creator of people. The main attributes of this god were: Aegis (shield), Labrys (double-sided axe), Zeus' lightning (double-pronged pitchfork with jagged edges) and an eagle. Distributed good and evil. Was in an alliance with several women:

• Metis - the first wife, the goddess of wisdom, was swallowed by her husband;
• Themis - goddess of justice, second wife of Zeus;
• Hera - last wife, goddess of marriage, was the sister of Zeus.

Poseidon is the god of rivers, floods, seas, drought, horses and earthquakes. His attributes were: a trident, a dolphin and a chariot with white-maned horses. Wife - Amphitrite.

Demeter is the mother of Persephone, sister of Zeus and his lover. She is the goddess of fertility and patronizes farmers. Demeter's attribute is a wreath of ears.

Hestia is the sister of Demeter, Zeus, Hades, Hera and Poseidon. Patron of sacrificial fire and family hearth. She took a vow of chastity. The main attribute was a torch.

Hades is the ruler of the underworld of the dead. Consort of Persephone (goddess of fertility and queen of the kingdom of the dead). The attributes of Hades were a bident or a rod. Depicted with the underground monster Cerberus - three-headed dog, who stood guard at the entrance to Tartarus.

Hera is the sister and at the same time the wife of Zeus. The most powerful and wise goddess of Olympus. She was the patroness of family and marriage. A mandatory attribute of Hera is a diadem. This decoration is a symbol of the fact that she is the main one on Olympus. All the main gods of Ancient Greece, the list of which she headed, obeyed her (sometimes reluctantly).

Other Olympians

Even if these gods did not have such powerful parents, almost all of them were born from Zeus. Each of them was talented in their own way. And he coped well with his duties.

Ares is the son of Hera and Zeus. God of battles, war and masculinity. He was a lover and then the husband of the goddess Aphrodite. Ares' companions were Eris (goddess of discord) and Enyo (goddess of furious war). The main attributes were: helmet, sword, dogs, burning torch and shield.

Apollo, the son of Zeus and Leto, was the twin brother of Artemis. God of light, leader of the muses, god of healing and predictor of the future. Apollo was very loving, he had many mistresses and lovers. The attributes were: a laurel wreath, a chariot, a bow and arrows and a golden lyre.

Hermes is the son of Zeus and the galaxy of Maya or Persephone. God of trade, eloquence, dexterity, intelligence, animal husbandry and roads. Patron of athletes, merchants, artisans, shepherds, travelers, ambassadors and thieves. He is the personal messenger of Zeus and the guide of the dead to the kingdom of Hades. He taught people writing, trade and bookkeeping. Attributes: winged sandals that allow him to fly, invisibility helmet, caduceus (a rod decorated with two intertwined snakes).

Hephaestus is the son of Hera and Zeus. God of blacksmithing and fire. He was limping on both legs. Hephaestus's wives are Aphrodite and Aglaia. The attributes of the god were: blacksmith's bellows, tongs, chariot and pilos.

Dionysus is the son of Zeus and mortal woman Semely. God of vineyards and winemaking, inspiration and ecstasy. Patron of the theater. He was married to Ariadne. Attributes of God: a cup of wine, a wreath of vines and a chariot.

Artemis is the daughter of Zeus and the goddess Leto, twin sister of Apollo. The young goddess is a hunter. Born first, she helped her mother give birth to Apollo. Chaste. Attributes of Artemis: a doe, a quiver of arrows and a chariot.

Demeter is the daughter of Kronos and Rhea. Mother of Persephone (wife of Hades), sister of Zeus and his lover. Goddess of agriculture and fertility. Demeter's attribute is a wreath of ears.

Athena, the daughter of Zeus, completes our list of gods of Ancient Greece. She was born from his head after he swallowed her mother Themis. Goddess of war, wisdom and craft. Patroness of the Greek city of Athens. Her attributes were: a shield with the image of the Gorgon Medusa, an owl, a snake and a spear.

Born in foam?

I would like to say something separately about the next goddess. She is not only a symbol of female beauty to this day. Moreover, the history of its origin is hidden in mystery.

There is a lot of controversy and speculation about the birth of Aphrodite. First version: the goddess was born from the seed and blood of Uranus castrated by Kronos, which fell into the sea and formed foam. Second version: Aphrodite arose from sea ​​shell. Third hypothesis: she is the daughter of Dione and Zeus.

This goddess was in charge of beauty and love. Spouses: Ares and Hephaestus. Attributes: chariot, apple, rose, mirror and dove.

How they lived on the great Olympus

All the Olympian gods of Ancient Greece, the list of which you see above, had the right to live and spend all their free time from miracles on the great mountain. The relationship between them was not always rosy, but few of them decided on open hostility, knowing the power of their enemy.

Even among the great divine creatures there was no permanent peace. But everything was decided by intrigues, secret conspiracies and betrayals. It's very similar to the human world. And this is understandable, because humanity was created precisely by the gods, so they are all similar to us.

Gods who do not live on top of Olympus

Not all deities had the chance to reach such heights and climb Mount Olympus to rule the world there, feasting and having fun. Many other gods either could not earn such a high honor, or were modest and content with ordinary lives. If, of course, you can call the existence of a deity that way. In addition to the Olympian gods, there were other gods of Ancient Greece, a list of their names is here:

• Hymen is the god of marriage (the son of Apollo and the muse Calliope).
• Nike is the goddess of victory (daughter of Styx and the Titan Pallant).
• Iris is the goddess of the rainbow (daughter of the sea god Thaumant and the oceanid Electra).
• Ata is the goddess of darkness (daughter of Zeus).
• Apata is the mistress of lies (heir to the goddess of night darkness Nyukta).
• Morpheus is the god of dreams (son of the lord of dreams Hypnos).
• Phobos is the god of fear (descendant of Aphrodite and Ares).
• Deimos - Lord of Terror (son of Ares and Aphrodite).
• Ora - goddesses of the seasons (daughters of Zeus and Themis).
• Aeolus is the demigod of the winds (heir to Poseidon and Arna).
• Hecate is the mistress of darkness and all monsters (the result of the union of the titan Persian and Asteria).
• Thanatos - god of death (son of Erebus and Nyukta).
• Erinyes - goddess of revenge (daughter of Erebus and Nyukta).
• Pontus is the ruler of the inland sea (heir to Ether and Gaia).
• Moiras are goddesses of fate (daughters of Zeus and Themis).

These are not all the gods of Ancient Greece, the list of which can be continued even further. But to get acquainted with the main myths and legends, it is enough to know only these characters. If you want to read more stories about each, we are sure that the ancient storytellers came up with a lot of intertwining of their destinies and details of divine life, in which you will gradually become acquainted with more and more new heroes.

Meaning of Greek Mythology

There were also muses, nymphs, satyrs, centaurs, heroes, cyclops, giants and monsters. All this huge world was not invented in one day. Myths and legends have been written for decades, with each retelling acquiring new details and never-before-seen characters. More and more new gods of Ancient Greece appeared, the list of whose names grew from one storyteller to another.

The main purpose of these stories was to teach future generations the wisdom of elders, in clear language talk about good and evil, about honor and cowardice, about loyalty and lies. Well, besides, such a huge pantheon made it possible to explain almost any a natural phenomenon, which has not yet been scientifically substantiated.

Goddesses of ancient Greece

Artemis– Goddess of the moon and hunting, forests, animals, fertility and childbirth. She was never married, diligently guarded her chastity, and if she took revenge, she knew no pity. Her silver arrows spread plague and death, but she also had the ability to heal. She protected young girls and pregnant women. Her symbols are cypress, deer and bears.

Atropos- one of the three moiras, cutting the thread of fate and ending human life.

Athena(Pallada, Parthenos) - daughter of Zeus, born from his head in full military armor. One of the most revered Greek goddesses, the goddess of just war and wisdom, the patroness of knowledge.

Athena. Statue. Hermitage Museum. Athena Hall.

Description:

Athena is the goddess of wisdom, just war and patroness of crafts.

Statue of Athena made by Roman craftsmen of the 2nd century. Based on a Greek original from the late 5th century. BC e. Entered the Hermitage in 1862. Previously it was in the collection of the Marquis Campana in Rome. It is one of the most interesting exhibits in the Athena Hall.

Everything about Athena, starting from her birth, was amazing. Other goddesses had divine mothers, Athena - one father, Zeus, who met with the daughter of Ocean Metis. Zeus swallowed his pregnant wife because she predicted that after her daughter she would give birth to a son who would become the ruler of heaven and deprive him of power. Soon Zeus had an unbearable headache. He became gloomy, and seeing this, the gods hastened to leave, for they knew from experience what Zeus was like when he was in a bad mood. The pain did not go away. The Lord of Olympus could not find a place for himself. Zeus asked Hephaestus to hit him on the head with a blacksmith's hammer. From the split head of Zeus, announcing Olympus with a war cry, an adult maiden jumped out in full warrior clothes and with a spear in her hand and stood next to her parent. The eyes of the young, beautiful and majestic goddess shone with wisdom.

Aphrodite(Kytherea, Urania) - goddess of love and beauty. She was born from the marriage of Zeus and the goddess Dione (according to another legend, she came out of the sea foam)

Aphrodite (Venus Tauride)

Description:

According to Hesiod’s “Theogony,” Aphrodite was born near the island of Cythera from the seed and blood of Uranus castrated by Kronos, which fell into the sea and formed snow-white foam (hence the nickname “foam-born”). The breeze brought her to the island of Cyprus (or she sailed there herself, since she did not like Cythera), where she, emerging from the sea waves, was met by the Ora.

The statue of Aphrodite (Venus of Tauride) dates back to the 3rd century BC. e., now it is in the Hermitage and is considered his most famous statue. The sculpture became the first antique statue of a naked woman in Russia. Life-size marble statue of bathing Venus (height 167 cm), modeled after the Aphrodite of Cnidus or the Capitoline Venus. The hands of the statue and a fragment of the nose are lost. Before entering the State Hermitage, she decorated the garden of the Tauride Palace, hence the name. In the past, “Venus Tauride” was intended to decorate the park. However, the statue was delivered to Russia much earlier, even under Peter I and thanks to his efforts. The inscription made on the bronze ring of the pedestal recalls that Venus was given by Clement XI to Peter I (as a result of an exchange for the relics of St. Brigid sent to the Pope by Peter I). The statue was discovered in 1718 during excavations in Rome. Unknown sculptor of the 3rd century. BC. depicted the naked goddess of love and beauty Venus. A slender figure, rounded, smooth lines of the silhouette, softly modeled body shapes - everything speaks of a healthy and chaste perception of female beauty. Along with calm restraint (posture, facial expression), a generalized manner, alien to fractionality and fine detail, as well as a number of other features characteristic of the art of the classics (V - IV centuries BC), the creator of Venus embodied in her his idea of beauty, associated with the ideals of the 3rd century BC. e. (graceful proportions - high waist, somewhat elongated legs, thin neck, small head - tilt of the figure, rotation of the body and head).

Aphrodite (Venus). Statue. Hermitage

Description:

Statue of Aphrodite - goddess of beauty and love

Roman copy based on a Greek original from the 3rd - 2nd centuries. BC.

In 1851, through the Venetian antiquarian A. Sanquirico, the Hermitage received a beautiful statue of Aphrodite, which had previously been part of the collection of the Venetian Nani family. In a rare publication from the era of the Napoleonic Wars - "Collection of all antiquities stored in the Venetian Museum of Nani" - we read about this sculpture: "It lay prostrate for a long time in neglect ... but was recalled from oblivion when Mr. Jacopo Nani saw it and placed it in his famous museum, presenting it to the judgment of the famous Canova, who strongly praised the new acquisition." The statue of Aphrodite is distinguished by the complexity of body movement and exquisite harmony of proportions. It reflects the trends of Hellenistic art, characteristic of the art of the Antonine dynasty (96-193).

Aphrodite (Venus) and Cupid

Description:

Aphrodite (Venus) and Cupid.

The sculpture perhaps talks about a tragic moment. The rose, a flower sacred to Venus, was originally white, but, according to one traditional view, at the moment when Venus was hurrying to her lover, a thorn dug into her leg and drops of blood fell on the white petals, staining them. While they were pulling out the splinter, a wild boar killed her beloved Adonis - the young beautiful god of spring, personifying the annual dying and revival of nature.. Venus is usually depicted sitting, she is trying to remove the splinter from her leg, Cupid helps her.

Aphrodite on a dolphin. Sculpture. Hermitage

Description:

Aphrodite, as the goddess of love, was dedicated to myrtle, rose, poppy and apple; as the goddess of fertility - a sparrow and a dove; as a sea goddess - a dolphin; The swallow and the linden tree were dedicated to her. According to legend, the secret of her charm was hidden in a magic belt.

Venus in the shell. Sculpture. Hermitage Museum.

Description:

Venus in the shell.

Sculpture by Carlo Finelli (Finelli, 1782-1853) - Italian sculptor, one of the most gifted followers of the classical movement.

Aphrodite (Greek) - Venus (Roman)

Classical Aphrodite emerged naked from the airy sea foam. The breeze on the shell brought it to the shores of Cyprus.

Hebe- daughter of Zeus and Hera, goddess of youth. Sister of Ares and Ilithyia. She served the Olympian gods at feasts.

Hecate- goddess of darkness, night visions and sorcery, patroness of sorcerers.

Gemera- goddess of daylight, personification of the day, born of Nikta and Erebus. Often identified with Eos.

Hera- the supreme Olympian goddess, sister and third wife of Zeus, daughter of Rhea and Kronos, sister of Hades, Hestia, Demeter and Poseidon. Hera was considered the patroness of marriage.

Hestia- goddess of the hearth and fire.

Gaia- mother earth, foremother of all gods and people.

Demeter- goddess of fertility and agriculture.

Dryads- lower deities, nymphs who lived in trees.

Ilithia- patron goddess of women in labor.

Iris- winged goddess, assistant of Hera, messenger of the gods.

Calliope- muse of epic poetry and science.

Kera- demonic creatures, children of the goddess Nikta, bringing troubles and death to people.

Clio- one of the nine muses, the muse of history.

Clio. Muse of History

Description:

Clio is the muse of history in ancient Greek mythology. Depicted with a papyrus scroll or a case for scrolls. Daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne - goddess of memory. According to Diodorus, it received its name from the fact that chanting in poetry gives great glory to those praised (kleos).

Clotho(“spinner”) - one of the moiras that spins the thread of human life.

Lachesis- one of the three Moira sisters, who determine the fate of every person even before birth.

Summer- Titanide, mother of Apollo and Artemis.

Mayan- a mountain nymph, the eldest of the seven Pleiades - the daughters of Atlas, the beloved of Zeus, from whom Hermes was born to her.

Melpomene- muse of tragedy.

Melpomene (Muse of Tragedy)

Description:

Statue of Melpomene. Roman copy according to the Greek model of the 2nd century. BC e.

In ancient Greek mythology, the muse of tragedy (Greek: “singing”). At first, Melpomene was considered the muse of song, then of sad song, and later she became the patroness of theater in general, the personification of tragic stage art. Daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne, mother of the terrible sirens.

She was depicted as a woman with a bandage on her head and a wreath of grape or ivy leaves, in a theatrical robe, with a tragic mask in one hand and a sword or club in the other (a symbol of the inevitability of punishment for a person who violates the will of the gods).

Metis- goddess of wisdom, the first of the three wives of Zeus, who conceived Athena from him.

Mnemosyne- mother of nine muses, goddess of memory.

Moira- goddess of fate, daughter of Zeus and Themis.

Muses- patron goddess of the arts and sciences.

Naiads- nymphs-guardians of waters.

Nemesis- daughter of Nikta, a goddess who personified fate and retribution, punishing people in accordance with their sins.

Nereids- fifty daughters of Nereus and the oceanids Doris, sea deities.

Nika- personification of victory. She was often depicted wearing a wreath, a common symbol of triumph in Greece.

Nymphs- lower deities in the hierarchy of Greek gods. They personified the forces of nature.

Nikta- one of the first Greek deities, the goddess is the personification of the primordial Night.

Orestiades- mountain nymphs.

Ory- goddess of the seasons, peace and order, daughter of Zeus and Themis.

Peyto- goddess of persuasion, companion of Aphrodite, often identified with her patroness.

Persephone- daughter of Demeter and Zeus, goddess of fertility. The wife of Hades and the queen of the underworld, who knew the secrets of life and death.

Polyhymnia- the muse of serious hymn poetry.

Tethys- daughter of Gaia and Uranus, wife of Ocean and mother of the Nereids and Oceanids.

Rhea- mother of the Olympian gods.

Sirens- female demons, half-woman, half-bird, capable of changing the weather at sea.

Waist- the muse of comedy.

Terpsichore- muse of dance art.

Terpsichore. Muse of dancing

Description:

The statue of "Terpsichore" is a Roman copy of a Greek original from the 3rd - 2nd centuries. BC.

Terpsichore was considered the muse of choral singing and dance, and was depicted as a young woman in the pose of a dancer, with a smile on her face. She had a wreath on her head, in one hand she held a lyre, and in the other a plectrum. She is “enjoying round dances.”

Tisiphone- one of the Erinyes.

Quiet- goddess of fate and chance among the Greeks, companion of Persephone. She was depicted as a winged woman standing on a wheel and holding a cornucopia and a ship's rudder in her hands.

Urania- one of the nine muses, patroness of astronomy.

Themis- Titanide, goddess of justice and law, second wife of Zeus, mother of mountains and moira.

Charites- goddess of female beauty, the embodiment of a kind, joyful and eternally young beginning of life.

Eumenides- another hypostasis of the Erinyes, revered as goddesses of benevolence, who prevented misfortunes.

Eris- daughter of Nyx, sister of Ares, goddess of discord.

Erinyes- goddesses of vengeance, creatures of the underworld, who punished injustice and crimes.

Erato- Muse of lyrical and erotic poetry.

Eos- goddess of the dawn, sister of Helios and Selene. The Greeks called it “rose-fingered.”

Euterpe- muse of lyrical chant. Depicted with a double flute in her hand.