The rows got their name for a reason: they grow in rows or large groups. Data fruiting bodies can be found throughout the Russian Federation in the temperate forest zone. It is known that all types of rows are autumn mushrooms. Among them there are both edible and inedible and even poisonous representatives. Experienced mushroom pickers greatly value rows of mushrooms, because they have high taste qualities and also lend themselves well to various processes processing. However, first of all, you need to know what this or that type of fruiting body looks like.

Yellow-brown rower is a fairly common lamellar mushroom belonging to the Rowadovaceae family. It is classified as conditionally edible, but there are sources that call this fruiting body inedible and even poisonous.

Below is a photo and description of the yellow-brown row.

Latin name: Tricholoma fulvum.

Family: Ordinary.

Synonyms: Tricholoma flavobrunneum, row yellow-brown, brown-yellow, red-brown, brown. Popularly, this type of mushroom is also called plantain and honey fungus.

Doubles: are missing.

Hat: diameter 4-10 cm, sometimes there are specimens with a 15-centimeter cap. The shape is rounded-conical, with age it becomes spread out and wavy, with a tubercle visible in the center. In young specimens, the edges of the caps are turned inward, while in older specimens they are wrinkled. Pay attention to the yellow-brown color of the cap, shown in the photo:

As you can see, its color is quite beautiful - yellow-orange, red-brown or reddish, the shade is always darker in the center. Upon contact, the surface of the cap feels smooth and dry, but in wet weather it becomes shiny and slippery.

Leg: tall, up to 15 cm, fibrous, dense, dry, smooth. The color is similar to the shade of the cap, and when wet, the surface becomes sticky.

Pulp: dense, medium fleshy, white or yellowish in color. The smell is mealy, faint, almost unnoticeable, the taste is bitter. The flesh of the leg is fibrous, white or yellowish in color.

Records: very wide, notched-adherent, often or sparsely located. According to the description of the yellow-brown row, the color of its plates is light or cream; a slight yellow tint may be observed. With age, they become completely brown or covered with spots of the corresponding color.

Edibility: a conditionally edible mushroom of category 4, but those who have tried it note an unpleasant bitterness in the pulp.

Similarities and differences: Mushroom pickers without experience may confuse the yellow-brown “beauty” with the poplar row (Tricholoma populinum), a conditionally edible species of mushroom. However, the latter has a thicker stem, white plates and grows mainly near poplars.

Spreading: North America, western and eastern parts of Europe, Central and Northern Russia, the Urals and the Far East. The yellow-brown row mushroom prefers deciduous and mixed forests. It grows in clusters from August to October. Fruiting is always abundant, the fruiting body itself tolerates drought well.

Golden row: photo, description and distribution

Golden row (Tricholoma auratum)– an edible mushroom of low quality, the peculiarity of which is the release of droplets of juice. It is very easy to identify this fruiting body; many experienced mushroom pickers claim that it is almost impossible to confuse it with other species.

The following description and photo of the golden row will help you understand the appearance and characteristics of its growth.

Latin name: Tricholoma auratum.

Family: Ordinary.

Hat: from 6 to 10 cm in diameter, convex with rolled edges. As it matures, the cap becomes spread out with a tubercle in the center. The surface has a characteristic orange-yellow color, and a darker brown-orange area is noticeable in the center. With the onset of rain, you can observe how the surface of the cap becomes slimy and slippery.

Leg: has a pronounced zone of reddish-orange scales. In addition, the stem of the golden row mushroom secretes droplets of juice, which is its characteristic feature.

Pulp: dense, white, has a weak floury aroma and a strong bitter taste.

Records: rare, thin, white.

Edibility: It is classified as a low-quality edible mushroom, but due to its bitter pulp it is considered an inedible and poisonous species of low toxicity.

Spreading: the entire temperate zone of the northern hemisphere.

The photo shows that the golden row grows in groups in coniferous and mixed forests. Also, this type of fruiting body prefers lime-rich soils, sometimes growing alone. The mushroom picking season begins in July and lasts until October.

Water-spotted rower (Lepista gilva) or brown-yellow talker (Clitocybe gilva)

According to some sources, waterspotted row (Lepista gilva) is considered an edible or conditionally edible species, while some foreign sources call it poisonous. However, most mycologists agree that this mushroom is still edible, but is little valued due to the low quality of taste. In this regard, the water-spotted row or brown-yellow talker is, as a rule, rarely collected today.

Latin name: Lepista gilva.

Family: Ordinary.

Synonyms: brown-yellow talker, brown-yellow rower, Paralepista gilva, Clitocybe gilva.

Hat: quite large, 4-10 cm in diameter, sometimes reaching 15 cm, flat, with a slightly noticeable tubercle in the center. Old specimens have a funnel-shaped cap, its edges remain tucked in all the time. The color is variable, often indefinite, brown-leathery, yellow-orange, reddish, brown-yellow. Over time, the surface may fade to a creamy, almost white color, often with rusty spots.

Ryadovka(tricholoma) is a mushroom that can be either edible or poisonous. belong to the department Basidiomycetes, the class Agaricomycetes, the order Agariaceae, the family Ryadovka, the genus Ryadovka. Often the name “Ryadovka” is applied to other mushrooms from the family Ryadovka and other families.

Row mushrooms got their name due to their ability to grow in large colonies arranged in long rows and witch circles.

Row - description of the mushroom, characteristics, photo. What does a row look like?

hat

The fruiting bodies of mushrooms have a cap-peduncle structure and are characterized by significant variability external signs. The cap of a young row, depending on the type, can be spherical, cone-shaped or bell-shaped. The diameter of the cap varies from 3 to 20 cm in different species. With age, the caps straighten and become flat-spread; in many species, a well-defined tubercle remains in the center. The edges of the cap can be smooth, wavy, sometimes tucked or, conversely, bent outward.

The skin of the row cap can be dry and velvety, fibrous, scaly or completely smooth and slimy. The color of the cap depends on the species and can be pure white or represent various variations of yellow, green, red and brown. As the mushroom grows, the color of the cap may undergo significant changes.

Hymenophore (plates)

Under the cap, row mushrooms have plates that are covered with a spore-bearing layer - the hymenium. The plates of some species are thin and frequent, while in others they are sparse and fleshy, thoroughly fused with the stalk. In young mushrooms, the hymenophore is white and smooth; with age, its surface turns brown, becomes covered with brown spots, and the edges become uneven or torn.

Leg

The average height of the row leg varies from 3 to 10 cm, thickness - from 0.7 to 2 cm. The shape of the leg can be straight cylindrical, club-shaped or expanding towards the top or bottom. The leg can be completely bare, velvety, fibrous or covered with scales. The main color of the leg is pinkish-brown, and under the cap there may be a sharply limited or blurred white zone. In some species, the color of the stem may be purple, and under the cap there may be a fibrous ring - the remains of a protective covering.

Spores and spore powder

The row mushroom has oblong, smooth, white or colorless spores. Spore powder is often white, sometimes brown.

Edibility

Row mushrooms can be edible, conditionally edible, inedible, non-toxic or poisonous: it all depends on the species. Most varieties have a distinctive mealy odor and an unpleasant, often bitter taste.

Where do ryadovkas (tricholomas) grow?

Rowers are ground mushrooms that are distributed throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species are mycorrhiza-formers, and as mycorrhizal partners they prefer coniferous trees: often pine, less often larch, spruce and fir, rare species They are in symbiosis with oak, birch and beech.

Rows grow on poor sandy or calcareous soils of coniferous and mixed forests. They usually appear in late summer and bear fruit until frost. But there are also species that can be collected in the spring.

Row mushrooms grow singly, in small or large groups, forming long rows or ring colonies - “witch circles”.

Row mushrooms: photos, types, names

The genus Ryadovka includes about 100 species of mushrooms, 45 of which grow in Russia. Below are the types of rows (from the row family and other families) with descriptions and photographs.

Edible row mushrooms, photo and description.

• Gray row (hatched row, pine pine, silver grass, green grass, gray sandpiper)(lat. Tricholoma portentosum) is an edible mushroom. The fleshy cap of the serushka, with a diameter of 4 to 12 cm, is initially round, but over time it becomes flat and uneven, with a flattened tubercle in the middle. The smooth skin of old mushrooms cracks, and its color is mousey or dark gray, sometimes with a greenish or purple tint. The smooth leg has a height of 4 to 15 cm, wider at the base, covered with a powdery coating at the top, and becomes hollow over time. The color of the leg is whitish with a gray-yellow tint. The blades of this type of row are wide, sparse, initially white, and eventually turn yellow or gray. The dense whitish pulp of the serushka often turns yellow at the break and has a characteristic, weakly expressed, mealy taste and weak aroma. The gray row mushroom is a mycorrhizal partner of pine, therefore it grows mainly in pine forests throughout the temperate zone, often adjacent to greenfinch. It appears in September and leaves only at the end of autumn (November).

• Lilac-legged row (blue-legged, blue root, two-color row,lepista lilac)(lat. Lepista personata, Lepista saeva)- an edible mushroom from the genus Lepista, family Ordinaceae. This row can be distinguished by lilac color legs. The cap has a diameter of 6-15 cm (sometimes up to 25 cm) and a smooth yellowish-beige surface with a purple tint. The plates of the fungus are frequent, wide, yellowish or cream-colored. The stalk is 5-10 cm high and up to 3 cm thick. In young rows, a fibrous ring is clearly visible on the stalk. The fleshy pulp of two-color rows can be white, grayish or gray-violet with a mild sweetish taste and a light aroma of fruit. Lilac-legged row mushrooms grow mainly in deciduous forests of the temperate zone with a predominance of ash. They are found throughout Russia. They bear fruit in large families, in a fruitful year - from mid-spring (April) until persistent frosts (November).

• Earthy row (earthy row, ground row)(lat. Tricholoma terreum)- edible mushroom. In young mushrooms, the cap with a diameter of 3-9 cm has the shape of a cone, and over time it becomes almost flat with a sharp or not very pronounced tubercle in the middle. The silky-fibrous skin of the cap is usually mousey or gray-brown in color, although red-brown (brick-colored) specimens can be found. The stem of this type of row is 5-9 cm long and up to 2 cm thick, straight or curved with a screw, white, hollow in old mushrooms, with a yellowish lower part. The plates of the earthy row are sparse, uneven, white or with a grayish tint. The pulp is elastic, white, almost tasteless, with a faint floury odor. The earthy row is in symbiosis with pine, therefore it grows only in coniferous forests of the European territory of Russia, in Siberia and the Caucasus. Row mushrooms bear fruit from August to mid-October.

• Ryadovka Mongolian(lat. Tricholoma mongolicum) is an edible mushroom with excellent taste. Has a feature that is uncharacteristic for most rows appearance. If it were not for the plates, an inexperienced mushroom picker could accept the Mongolian white mushroom row. The cap of young species has the shape of an egg or a hemisphere, and over time it becomes convex and outstretched with tucked edges. The white glossy skin of the cap becomes dull and off-white with age. On average, the diameter of the cap reaches 6-20 cm. The stem of the Mongolian row is 4-10 cm high, thick, widened at the base. Young mushrooms have a white stem, which becomes yellowish and hollow with age. The pulp of the mushroom is white, fleshy with a good taste and mushroom aroma. Ryadovka Mongolian grows in Central Asia, Mongolia and western China. It bears fruit twice: the first time - from March to May, the second time - in mid-autumn. It grows in the steppes among grass, mainly in large groups, often forming “witch circles.” It is valued in Mongolia as the main type of mushroom and a medicinal product.

• Matsutake (shod row, spotted row)(lat. Tricholoma matsutake) translated from Japanese means “pine mushroom” and is highly valued in Asian cuisine for its specific spicy-pine smell and delicious mushroom taste. The matsutake mushroom has a wide, silky cap with a diameter of 6 to 20 cm. The skin can be of different shades of brown; in old mushrooms, the surface cracks, and the white flesh shines through it. The matsutake leg, from 5 to 20 cm long and 1.5-2.5 cm thick, holds firmly in the soil and is often inclined all the way to the ground. The leg of the spotted row is white at the top, brown underneath, and under the cap itself there is a membranous ring - the remains of a protective blanket. The matsutake plates are light, the flesh is white with a spicy cinnamon aroma. The matsutake mushroom grows in Japan, China, Korea, Sweden, Finland, North America, Russia (Urals, Siberia, Far East). Is a mycorrhizal partner coniferous trees: pine (including red Japanese) and fir. It is found in ring colonies under fallen leaves on dry, poor soils. Fruits from September to October.

• Giant row (gigantic row, giant row, colossal row, huge row)(lat. Tricholoma colossus)- edible mushroom. The diameter of the giant row cap varies from 8 to 20 cm, and with age the hemispherical shape changes to a flat one with a raised edge. The skin of the cap is smooth, reddish-brown, with lighter edges. The elastic, straight leg with a tuberous seal at the base grows up to 5-10 cm in length and has a thickness of 2 to 6 cm. Top part the legs are white, the center is yellow or reddish-brown. The blades of the edible giant row are frequent, wide, white, and in old mushrooms they take on a brick color. The white pulp of the row mushroom turns red or yellow when damaged, has a pleasant mushroom aroma and a tart, nutty taste. Giant rowers are mycorrhizal partners of pine, therefore they grow in pine forests in the territories European countries, in Russia, North Africa and Japan. Peak fruiting occurs in August and September.

• Yellow-brown row (brown row, red-brown row, brown-yellow)(lat. Tricholoma fulvum)- edible mushroom, slightly bitter when cooked. The convex cap of young rows eventually acquires a flattened shape with a small tubercle in the middle. The skin is sticky and may be scaly in older mushrooms. The diameter of the cap of the yellow-brown row varies from 3 to 15 cm, the color of the cap is reddish-brown with a lighter edge. The mushroom stalk is straight or slightly thickened in the lower part, grows from 4 to 12 cm in height and has a thickness of up to 2 cm. The surface of the stalk is white on top, below it becomes yellowish-brown, penetrated by thin red-brown fibers. The plates are frequent or sparse, uneven, pale yellow, and in old mushrooms they are covered with brown spots. The pulp of the brown row is white or yellowish, has a characteristic mealy aroma and a bitter taste. The yellow-brown row is in symbiosis only with birch, therefore it grows exclusively in deciduous and mixed forests of the temperate zone, especially abundantly in August and September.

• Crowded row (lyophyllum crowded, group row)(lat. Lyophyllum decastes)- a low-quality edible mushroom, belongs to the genus Lyophyllum, the Lyophyllaceae family. One mushroom clump consists of fruiting bodies with in different forms. The caps are round, with a tucked edge, convex-spread or slightly concave. The diameter of the cap of this type of row varies from 4 to 12 cm. The smooth, sometimes scaly skin of the cap has a grayish, gray-brown or dirty white color, which becomes lighter over time. The light mushroom stalks, often fused at the base, grow from 3 to 8 cm in height and have a thickness of up to 2.5 cm. The shape of the stalk is straight or slightly swollen, with a gray-brown tuberous thickening at the base. The plates of the fungus are frequent, fleshy, smooth, grayish or yellowish, and darken when damaged. The dense, elastic pulp of the crowded row has a mousey or brownish color with a characteristic floury aroma and a light, pleasant taste. Ryadovka crowded is a typical soil saprophyte growing throughout temperate climatic zone. It grows in close, difficult to separate groups in forests, parks, gardens, meadows, along roads and forest edges from September to October. In a number of Asian countries, it is grown and used in pharmacology for the production of drugs for diabetes and cancer.

• May row(May mushroom, Kalocybe may mushroom, St. George's mushroom)(lat. Calocybe gambosa)- edible mushroom of the genus Kalocybe, family Lyophyllaceae. Cap diameter May mushroom is only 4-6 cm, and the flat-round shape of young mushrooms changes to a convex-prostrate shape as they grow. The flake-fibrous skin of the cap at the beginning of growth has a light beige color, then turns white, and in overgrown mushrooms it turns yellow. The straight leg, with a height of 4 to 9 cm and a thickness of up to 3.5 cm, can expand downward or, conversely, narrow. The main color of the stem of the May row is whitish with yellowness, and at the base it is rusty yellow. Often the growing blades are white at first, then become cream or light yellow. The fleshy pulp of the May row is white and has a floury taste and aroma. May row is widespread throughout the European part of Russia and grows in forests, groves, parks, meadows and pastures from April to June, but bears fruit especially abundantly in May.

Conditionally edible rows, photo and description.

• Poplar row (poplar row, poplar row, poplar row, poplar row, subtopolevik, sandpiper, sandstone, zabaluyki, frosts) (lat. Tricholoma populinum)- conditionally edible mushroom. The fleshy cap of the poplar row has a diameter of 6 to 12 cm, is initially convex, gradually straightens, and its glossy and slippery surface becomes uneven. The skin of the cap is yellow-brown. The fleshy leg is 3-8 cm long and up to 4 cm thick; in a young mushroom it is light, becomes red-brown with age, and darkens when pressed. The plates are initially white, but in overgrown mushrooms they are red-brown. The pulp is dense, fleshy, white, and has a distinct floury odor. Under the skin of the cap it is pink, in the stem it is gray-brown. The poplar row fungus forms mycorrhiza with poplar, therefore it is distributed mainly under poplars, in the forest-park zone of Siberia and southern Russia. Fruits in long rows from late summer to October. In regions poor in other types of mushrooms, poplar rows are valued as an important food product.

• Violet row (lepista naked, violet lepista, purple row, cyanosis, titmouse, blueleg)(lat. Lepista nuda)- a conditionally edible mushroom, which was originally classified as a member of the genus Lepista, and is now classified as a genus of clitocybe. The purple row is a fairly large mushroom with a cap diameter of 6 to 15 cm (sometimes up to 20 cm). The shape of the cap is initially hemispherical, gradually straightens out and becomes convex-spread, and sometimes concave inward with a wavy, tucked edge. The smooth, glossy skin of young rows is distinguished by a bright purple color; as the fungus grows, it fades and becomes brownish or yellowish-brown. The leg, 4 to 10 cm high and up to 3 cm thick, can be smooth, slightly thickened near the ground, but always covered at the top with a scattering of light flakes. In young mushrooms, the stem is elastic, purple, becomes lighter with age, and turns brown with age. The violet row plates are up to 1 cm wide, thin, frequent, violet, brownish in overgrown specimens. The fleshy pulp is also distinguished by a light purple color, becoming yellowish over time, with a mild taste and an anise aroma that is unexpected for mushrooms. Purple rowers are typical saprophytes; they grow on the ground, rotting leaves and needles, as well as in gardens on compost. Lilac row mushrooms are common in coniferous and mixed forests throughout the temperate zone, appear at the end of summer and bear fruit until December, both singly and in ring colonies.

• Yellow-red honey fungus (pine honey fungus, yellow-red honey fungus, red honey fungus, red honey fungus, yellow-red false honey fungus) (lat. Tricholomopsis rutilans)- conditionally edible mushroom. Due to its unpleasant bitter taste and sour smell, it is often considered inedible. The reddened row has a first round, then spread-out cap with a diameter of 5 to 15 cm. The skin is dry, velvety, orange-yellow, dotted with small, red-brown fibrous scales. The straight or curved leg grows up to 4-10 cm in height, has a thickness of 1 to 2.5 cm and a characteristic thickened base. The color of the leg matches the color of the cap, but with lighter scales. The plates are wavy, pale or bright yellow. The dense, fleshy pulp of the row mushroom is distinguished by a juicy yellow color, is bitter and has a sour smell of rotten wood. Unlike most other rowweeds, the reddened rowweed is a saprotroph that grows, like honey mushrooms, on dead wood in pine forests. It is a common mushroom of the temperate zone and bears fruit in families from mid-summer to the end of October.

• Ryadovka honeycomb-like, she's the same row tied(lat. Tricholoma focale)- a conditionally edible rare mushroom with low taste. Fleshy mushrooms with a thick stalk are distinguished by the heterogeneous color of the cap, which can be red, yellowish-brown with greenish spots and veins. The diameter of the row cap is from 3 to 15 cm, the shape is narrow and convex in a young mushroom, over time it becomes flat-convex with a tucked edge. The leg, 3 to 11 cm high and up to 3 cm thick, has a fibrous ring. Above the ring, the leg is white or cream, below it is covered with scales and brick-colored belts. The row blades are frequent, at the beginning of growth they are pale pink or cream, then they become uneven, dirty yellow, with brown spots. The pulp is white, with an unpleasant taste and smell. Ryadovka opulensis is a mycorrhizal partner of pine and grows on the infertile soils of light pine forests in Europe and North America. Row mushrooms bear fruit from August to October. They can be eaten salted, pickled, or after boiling for 20 minutes (the water must be drained).

• Bearded row, or woolly row(lat. Tricholoma vaccinum)- a conditionally edible mushroom, widespread throughout the temperate climate zone. The bearded rower is easily identified by its reddish or pinkish-brown woolly scaly skin. The cap initially has a convex, conical shape; in old mushrooms it is almost flat, with a low tubercle. The edges of young mushrooms are characteristically tucked in, and over time they straighten out almost completely. The diameter of the cap is 4-8 cm, the length of the stem is 3-9 cm with a thickness of 1 to 2 cm. The stem of the row is fibrous-scaly, smooth, sometimes tapering downwards, white under the cap, turning brown closer to the ground. White or yellowish-cream plates are planted sparsely and turn brown when broken. The pulp is white or pale yellow, without a pronounced taste or aroma. Bearded row mycorrhiza is associated with spruce; less commonly, bearded row mushrooms grow in pine and fir forests, as well as in swamps with a predominance of willow and alder. The mushroom bears fruit from mid-August to mid-October.

• Greenfinch (green row, green grass, jaundice, golden row, lemon row)(lat. Tricholoma equestre, Tricholoma flavovirens)- a conditionally edible mushroom, which got its name due to its persistent green color, which is preserved even in boiled mushrooms. The mushroom is suspected to be poisonous due to several deaths following consumption of this mushroom. The green row has a fleshy cap with a diameter of 4 to 15 cm, at first convex, then becomes flat. The skin is smooth, slimy, green-yellow in color with a brownish center, usually covered with a substrate (for example, sand) on which the row mushroom grows. The smooth yellowish-green leg of the greenfinch, 4 to 9 cm long, has a slight thickening at the bottom and is often hidden in the soil, and at the base is dotted with small brown scales. The plates are thin, frequent, lemon or greenish-yellow in color. The flesh of young specimens is white, turns yellow with age and has a floury smell and a weak taste. Greenfinch grows in dry coniferous forests dominated by pine throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Unlike most row mushrooms, green row mushrooms bear fruit singly or in small groups of 5-8 pieces from September until frost.

• Scaly row (fibrous-scaly), she's the same sweetie or row brownish(lat. Tricholoma imbricatum)- a conditionally edible mushroom with a convex dark brown cap and a club-shaped stalk. Some mycologists classify these row mushrooms as inedible. The velvety cap of the sweet lady, covered with small scales, grows from 3 to 10 cm in diameter, first looks like a cone, then becomes flat-convex with a tubercle protruding in the middle. The leg is from 4 to 10 cm long, fibrous, brown below, pinkish or yellow in the middle, white under the cap. The plates of this type of row are white or cream-colored; when damaged, they become brown. The white or light beige pulp of row mushrooms has a light fruity aroma and a mealy taste with a slight bitterness. Scalyweed is a mycorrhizal partner of pine and is often found in coniferous and mixed forests of the temperate zone, growing in large colonies, often in the shape of “witch circles”. Fruits from mid-August to mid-October.

• White-brown row or white-brown (lashanka)(lat. Tricholoma albobrunneum)- conditionally edible mushroom. Some mycologists classify it as inedible mushrooms. The cap of the row is first colored wine-brown, and over time it becomes red-brown with a pale edge. The skin of the cap is slimy and prone to cracking. The cap grows from 3 to 10 cm in diameter, at first it resembles a wide cone, and as it grows it flattens, but has a characteristic tubercle in the middle. The leg can be from 3 to 10 cm in height and up to 2 cm in thickness, smooth or thinned below, pinkish-brown with a white zone under the cap itself. The plates are frequent, white, and in old mushrooms they are covered with brown spots. The pulp is white, mealy, and bitter in old mushrooms. White-brown row mushrooms are associated with pine mycorrhizae, sometimes found in spruce forests, less often in mixed forests with acidic sandy soil. They bear fruit from late August to October.

Inedible rows, photo and description.

• White row(lat. Tricholoma album)- an inedible, and according to some sources, poisonous mushroom. Outwardly, it resembles a champignon and is similar to another inedible representative of Trichol - the stinking row (lat. Tricholoma inamoenum). White row differs from champignon in its pungent smell and pungent taste, and also in the fact that its plates do not darken. The cap is a white row with a diameter of 6 to 10 cm, at first convex-rounded, then acquires a convex-spread shape. The dry, dull skin of the cap is initially gray-white, and then becomes yellow-brown and covered with brownish spots. The stem of the row, 5-10 cm high, has a slight thickening at the bottom and repeats the color of the cap; in overgrown specimens it turns brown at the base. The plates are wide, frequent, initially white, and become noticeably yellow over time. The pulp of the fruiting body is white, fleshy, turns pink when cut and has a bitter, burning taste. The smell of old mushrooms is musty, somewhat similar to the smell of radishes. Porcini mushrooms are found in deciduous forests dominated by birch throughout the temperate climate zone. They grow from August to mid-autumn in huge families, forming long rows and circles.

• Soap row (lat. Tricholoma saponaceum, Agaricus saponaceus)- a non-toxic mushroom, recognized as inedible due to its unpleasant taste and fruity-soapy smell, which persist even when cooked. The soap row has a smooth, bare cap that is olive green or olive brown in color with a reddish center and pale edges. The shape of the cap is initially conical, then becomes flat-convex with a pronounced tubercle, the diameter ranges from 3 to 12 cm. The plates of the row mushroom are sparse, yellowish-green, and in old mushrooms they are sometimes covered with lilac spots. The leg is smooth or club-shaped, white or greenish-yellow in color, and in older specimens it is often dotted with red spots. The height of the leg ranges from 6 to 12 cm with a thickness of 1 to 5 cm. The dense white or yellowish flesh turns red when cut. Soap row mushrooms grow in coniferous and deciduous forests with a predominance of pine, spruce, oak and beech. They bear fruit from late summer to late autumn.

Poisonous rows, photo and description.

• Row sulfur (sulphurous), she is sulfur-yellow row(lat. Tricholoma sulphureum)- a slightly poisonous, low-toxic mushroom that can cause mild poisoning. The fruiting body of this mushroom has a characteristic gray-yellow color, which takes on a rusty-brown tint in older mushrooms. The velvety cap, 3 to 8 cm in diameter, is convex at first, and over time becomes flat with a small pit in the middle. The stem of this type of row, with a height of 3 to 11 cm, sometimes widens towards the bottom or, conversely, thickens towards the top, and may be covered with brown scales at the base. The plates are sparse, with an uneven edge. The pulp has a distinct odor of hydrogen sulfide, tar or acetylene and an unpleasant, bitter taste. Sulfur row mushrooms grow in deciduous and mixed forests throughout European territory and are in symbiosis with oak and beech, sometimes with fir and pine. They bear fruit from mid-August to October.

• Pointed row (mouse row, striped row, burning-sharp row)(lat. Tricholoma virgatum)- a poisonous mushroom (some consider it inedible). The cap, 3-5 cm in diameter, at first looks like a pointed cone or bell, and as it grows it becomes flat-convex, with a pronounced sharp tubercle in the middle. The shiny fibrous skin of the pointed rows is distinguished by a dark gray mouse color. The stem of this type of row is long and thin, grows from 5 to 15 cm in length and is flat or gradually widens downward. The surface of the leg is white; near the ground it can be yellow or pinkish. The plates of the mouse row are frequent, uneven, white or grayish; in overgrown mushrooms they are covered with yellow spots. The dense white pulp of the fruiting body has no distinct odor and has a sharp, pungent taste. Ryadovka acuminate is a mycorrhizal partner of pine, spruce and larch. Grows abundantly in coniferous forests of the temperate zone from early September to late autumn.

• Tiger row, she's the same leopard print row or poisonous row(lat. Tricholoma pardinum)- a rare poisonous toxic mushroom that is easily confused with some edible types of rowing. The cap, 4-12 cm in diameter, initially has the shape of a ball, then resembles a bell, and in older specimens it becomes flat. The off-white, grayish or black-gray skin of the cap is covered with concentrically arranged flaky scales. A similar edible species, the gray row, has a slimy and smooth cap. The leg of the tiger row is from 4 to 15 cm long, straight, sometimes club-shaped, white with a slight ocher tinge, at the base of a rusty tone. The plates are wide, fleshy, rather sparse, yellowish or greenish. In mature mushrooms, droplets of released moisture are visible on the plates. The pulp of the fruiting body is gray, at the base of the stalk it is yellow, with a floury smell, devoid of bitterness. A similar species is earthy grass (lat. Tricholoma terreum), has no floury taste or smell, and its plates are white or gray. Tiger row mushrooms grow on the edges of coniferous and deciduous forests throughout the temperate climate zone. They bear fruit from late August to October singly, in small groups, or in “witch circles.”

Useful properties of rowing.

Edible row mushrooms are an excellent dietary product that has a positive effect on the tone of the gastrointestinal tract, promotes the regeneration of liver cells and the removal of waste and toxins from the body. The rows are rich chemical composition, in which a number of substances useful for the human body were found:

• vitamins B, A, C, D2, D7, K, PP, betaine;
• minerals (phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, manganese);
• amino acids (alanine, phenylalanine, threonine, lysine, aspartic, glutamic and stearic acids);
• natural antibiotics clitocin and fomecin, which fight bacteria and cancer cells;
• phenols;
• ergosterol;
• flavonoids;
• polysaccharides.

Chemical analysis edible species Ryadovok revealed the antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of these mushrooms. Row mushrooms have a positive effect in the complex treatment of a number of pathological conditions:

• diabetes;
• normalization of blood pressure;
• arrhythmia;
• rheumatism;
• osteoporosis;
• nervous system disorders;
• genitourinary diseases;
• oncological diseases.

Harm of rows and contraindications for use.

• Row mushrooms tend to accumulate various atmospheric pollutants, as well as heavy metals, so old, overgrown mushrooms will not bring any benefit, but rather cause harm to the body.
• Excessive consumption of mushrooms can cause flatulence, pain and heaviness in the abdomen.
• You should not eat a large number of rows if you have low acidity, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, gallbladder dysfunction, pancreatitis and cholecystitis.

Row poisoning, symptoms (signs).

Symptoms of poisoning by poisonous mushrooms appear 1-3 hours after eating and are similar to the toxic effects of many poisonous mushrooms:

• increased salivation;
• weakness;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• diarrhea;
• pain in the stomach;
• headache.

Poisonous trees usually do not cause confusion, hallucinations or delusions, but at the first symptoms of poisoning you should consult a doctor.

There are a huge variety of mushrooms on Earth. One of these representatives of the forest is the gray row mushroom. Not all mushroom pickers, both professionals and amateurs, know about this mushroom. In this regard, it is especially important to know what it looks like and how it differs from its poisonous counterparts.

General information about rows

Before we move on to the description and photo of the sulfur row, we will present general information about all the row mushrooms. Several externally similar genera of the Ryadovaceae family have this name in Rus'. But some mushrooms of other genera of the same family can be called in the same way.

To a greater extent, these are fungi of the genus Tricholoma. For example, purple, lilac-footed and violet belong to the genus Lepista, and the May row belongs to the genus Calocybe. Moreover, these mushrooms can be classified as different genera only by microbiological characteristics, but according to external data, they are almost all similar - the same shape, they grow in rows, the same smell. Mycological scientists themselves cannot make up their minds, which is why many of the species wander among different genera. Their main characteristic is that they grow in groups (rows).

You can get acquainted with one of the types of mushrooms - the sulfur row (photos and descriptions are presented in the article) by reading the material presented below. It is very important for mushroom pickers to know that among them, unfortunately, there are also poisonous ones, although not fatal. The worst thing that can happen is intestinal upset long time. Unfortunately, although these mushrooms are common, they are difficult to identify.

This genus received its name for its characteristic growth pattern - in groups (in a row or in rings).

Ryadovki is a numerous genus of mushrooms, in which there are more than 2.5 thousand species. For mushroom pickers, only a few species are of particular interest - about 5, of which only 3 species are classified as edible and 2 as conditionally edible.

Division of rows into edible and poisonous species

Among the edible plants in a row, mushroom pickers may be interested in: the following types:

• gray row (description and photo are presented in the article);
• crowded;
• poplar;
• green (greenfinch);
• May (May mushroom).

Among the conditionally edibles that may be useful:

• purple;
• yellow-brown;
• yellow-red.

The remaining species of this genus of mushrooms are inedible and even poisonous (especially tiger row). In this regard, only the most experienced mushroom pickers collect them for consumption. For the rest, it’s better not to collect them and avoid them altogether.

Tricholoma portentosum is a common edible, relatively large mushroom. The gray rower got its name, as noted above, for its ability to grow in rows and rings and for the gray color of the cap. It is often called the hatched or little mouse because of its resemblance at a young age to a small gray mouse. It belongs to the lamellar mushrooms.

What does a gray row look like? The spores necessary for the reproduction of this fungus are found in the plates. The latter are wide in shape, very sparse, slightly sinuous. In young mushrooms they are almost white, while in more mature ones they are gray, with a yellowish tint. The cap of the gray row is fleshy with wavy edges and slightly noticeable blackish radial fibers. Young mushrooms have rounded conical caps, while mature ones are uneven, often spread out, with a flat tubercle in the center. And the edges of the caps of young mushrooms are slightly curled, while those of mature ones crack over time, bending upward.

Based on the color of the cap, they are mostly a pale grayish or dark gray shade, but are often found with violet, olive and lilac shades. The surface is smooth, slimy and sticky in wet weather, which is why leaves and grass stick to it. The stem of the gray row is slightly thickened, cylindrical in shape, smooth and dense, longitudinally fibrous and deeply set in the foliage or moss. The gray-yellow-white flesh in the cap is dense, but rather brittle, and in the stem it is loose and fibrous.

It is believed that the mushroom has a mild, persistent powdery odor and taste. However, there is an opinion among mushroom pickers that its smell is more like the smell of stale, damp and musty flour, and it is definitely not spicy.

Autumn row mushroom. The gray hat is clearly visible in the autumn forest. Some specimens can be found in the summer (August), but the row is especially numerous in the fall (September-October).

It is believed that this mushroom has the best taste among all edible varieties of rows.

How to distinguish an inedible mushroom from an inedible one?

There are many mushrooms similar to the gray row. Among several species there are poisonous gray rowers, so before collecting them, you should carefully study their similarities and differences.

The most similar to the gray row is the pointed row. It is inedible due to its bitter taste. She has exactly the same gray hat, which is also cracking at the edges. But in this mushroom, the center of the cap is a pointed, strongly protruding tubercle. It can be distinguished both by its pulp and by its plates: in the pointed one they are grayish-white, and in the gray one they are yellowish-white. And the pointed row is thinner and smaller in size, and it does not grow in large clusters, like the gray edible one.

Brief description of some similar species

As noted above, among the rows there can be inedible, edible and poisonous (weakly poisonous) mushrooms:

• (semi-edible), characterized by its smaller size, sparse plates and fibrous scaly surface of the cap;
• different row (semi-edible), having bad smell and a leg of green, brown or white color;
• (inedible), more uniformly colored and having a strong smell of laundry soap;
• the row is pointed (weakly poisonous), distinguished by a thin ashy cap, with a noticeable conical tubercle in the middle, as well as a burning pulp to taste;
• tiger row (large and very poisonous), distinguished by a gray cap covered with black spotted small scales and flesh, which turns pink when touched and cut, especially at the stem.

The mushroom usually grows in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere: in Canada, North America, Western, Northern and Eastern Europe, on Far East. The main Russian regions of growth: the Urals, Siberia (Novorossiysk), Crimea.

The fruiting period, as a rule, begins in early September and ends during frost (late November). The most widespread fruiting occurs from the end of September to the first half of October.

The gray edible row is most common in coniferous (especially pine) and mixed forests and, as a rule, on sandy soil, in mosses and under deciduous-coniferous litter. It grows not only in groups. It is often found in the same places where greenflies are found, and their growth period is simultaneous. It is popularly believed that the described row is almost the sister of the green grass, which is why it is sometimes called the green grass.

Application

Despite its unprepossessing appearance, the gray row has a fairly high taste. The described mushroom is suitable for a variety of types of processing. It can be frozen, pickled, pickled, boiled, fried and dried. When preparing dishes, you can use both young and very mature mushrooms.

Benefits and contraindications

Like all other mushrooms, the gray row contains microelements that are important for the human body. They contain vitamins A, B, PP, copper, zinc and manganese. Their fairly high protein content is perfectly combined with low calorie content, making them ideal for dietary nutrition. It is important to note that an antibiotic was also found in the pulp of the rower, albeit in small quantities.

Rowing is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Antibiotic properties are suitable for fighting colds. It should be remembered that people suffering from diseases of the stomach, gall bladder and other similar diseases should not overuse the rows in order to prevent possible exacerbations.

The mushroom described above is quite often eaten. In terms of its taste, it is well characterized by professional mushroom pickers and simply lovers of mushroom hunting. But in front of everyone beneficial properties It should be eaten with caution, especially when eaten raw. Mushrooms in this form cause stomach upset.

Conclusion

It is advisable to collect gray row trees in ecologically clean forests, since they quite actively absorb harmful substances from the air. You should also take the harvesting process seriously and carefully, so as not to mistakenly pick up poisonous relatives - the gray false row.

When going into the forest, you need to have complete confidence in your knowledge about mushrooms. Jokes with them are not advisable, because a mistake in collection can lead to serious and disastrous consequences.

So, with the right, careful and serious approach, you can be sure that finding this type of mushroom will only bring benefit and pleasure.

Characteristics and description of the most popular forest mushrooms known to most mushroom pickers. There are also rare varieties that are collected exclusively by experienced mushroom pickers. These mushrooms include rows.

Botanical description

Ryadovka or tricholoma, from the Latin Tricholoma, is a fairly common member of the Ryadovkov family. May have a colored or white cap. Young rowers have hemispherical and convex caps, while older specimens have a flat and outstretched cap with uneven edges.

The surface part of the cap can be fibrous or scaly, depending on the type of mushroom. The plates grow to the stem or are located freely. The leg has sufficient density. A not very pronounced ring-shaped film blanket may be observed. Field identification of the row is often difficult due to the external diversity of these mushrooms; even in the picture they are depicted differently. It should be remembered that the genus includes poisonous and non-venomous edible varieties.

Rowing: features of collection (video)

Main types: gray, brown, white, earthy, scaly, poplar, autumn and others

In total, the genus includes about one hundred species. On the territory of our country, and in particular in Crimea, no more than fifty species grow. There are both autumn and spring varieties of rowing. The number of edible and inedible species is almost the same, so when collecting, the mushroom picker should be extremely careful.

Highest category	Edible	Conditionally edible	Inedible	Toxic and poisonous
Matsutake or Matsutake	Blackscale or Atrosquamosum	Silver	White-brown
	Gigantic	Golden	Broken
	Pigeon		Openkovidnaya
	Yellow-brown		Rough
	Massive	Scaly		Pointed
	Blushing	Yellow-red		Leopard print
	Poplar	bearded	Sulfur yellow	Spotted
			Separate	Tanned
	Carved or Sculpturatum		Pointed
	Earthy gray or Terreum

Photo gallery

How to distinguish edible varieties

It is very easy for novice mushroom pickers who are little familiar with this type of mushroom to get confused in the numerous types of rows. The most common species in our forests include the following species:

• Lilac-footed or with dense pulp and floral aroma. The name was obtained due to the peculiar shade of the flesh of the cap and stem of the mushroom.
• Red row or field honey fungus. Only the youngest specimens should be collected. An old mushroom has a very specific unpleasant taste. A special feature is the velvety cap, orange-yellow with a red tint. The pulp is quite dense, bright yellow in color.

• Yellow variety with a yellowish-olive cap and a dark spot in the central part. The yellowish plates are narrow and close to each other. The leg is shortened and hollow, with fine scaling.
• Gray row with a light gray cap and a slight purple tint. Young specimens have a slightly convex cap with a smooth surface. Old mushrooms are characterized by the presence of a flat cap with cracking. The taste is quite good.

• Poplar row or a large poplar mushroom of yellow or terracotta color with a lighter shade at the edges of the cap. A special feature is the stickiness of the mushroom and the rather dense, white-colored pulp.
• May row appearing in the forests in early spring and having a hump-shaped cap of cream color. Adult and overgrown specimens are characterized by a white cap and the presence of cream or ocher plates.

• Crowded row– mushrooms grow strongly together and have brittle, but quite fleshy, hemispherical or convex-spread caps. Depending on the age, the diameter of the cap of an adult mushroom can vary between 5-11 cm, sometimes it grows larger. The caps are smooth, with pronounced stickiness, grayish or off-white in color. The pulp is fibrous, elastic in consistency.
• Most popular in European countries earthen row characterized by a flat-convex cap shape with a pointed center. Its surface, depending on the age of the mushroom, can be either silky or scaly. The main color is gray or with a slight brownish tint.

The remaining varieties of edible and conditionally edible rows are relatively rare in our country, and therefore are little known to domestic mushroom pickers.

Varieties inedible and poisonous

And poisonous ones often cause not only severe poisoning, but also death when eaten. Several types of poisonous mushrooms grow on the territory of our country, which you need to know well so as not to confuse them with edible mushrooms.

Name	Latin name	Habitat	Description	Fruiting period
Poisonous leopard or tiger	Tricholoma pardinum	Grows in middle lane our country, but it is quite rare. Usually the mushroom can be seen on calcareous soils under trees, in clearings and forest edges	Adult fruiting bodies are capable of forming so-called “witch circles”. The cap of young specimens is dense and fleshy, spherical, becoming flat with rolled edges with age. There are flake-like scales on the surface, and numerous cracks are also observed. Pulp with sufficient density, off-white color	Mass fruiting occurs from mid-August until the onset of significant cold weather
Pointed	Virgatum	Damp conifers and deciduous forests	The cap is bell-shaped, conical or convex, ash-colored with stripes on the edges. The pulp is soft in consistency, grayish-white or whitish. The leg is cylindrical, dense, with a thickening at the base	From September to October
Soapy	Saponaceum	Conifers, deciduous or mixed forests	The cap is round, bell-shaped or flat-convex, depressed in the center, with thin edges. The surface is smooth or finely scaly, gray-brown or reddish-brown. The pulp is white in color and turns red in the air. The leg is root-shaped, elongated, covered with an olive-gray or blackish scaly coating
speckled	Pessundatum	Raw conifers	The cap is reddish-brown or rusty-brown, with light edges. Surface with spots, mucous type. The pulp is white in color. Leg with a powdery coating	From August to the last ten days of September
Scaly	Imbricatum	Elniki	The cap is flat-convex, with rolled edges and a finely scaly surface. The surface color is reddish-brown. The pulp is white in color. Cylindrical leg	From August to the last ten days of September

We invite you to look at the edible and inedible row mushrooms in the photo, and then we will continue to familiarize ourselves with these varieties of representatives of the mushroom kingdom:

Mushroom row in the photo

Mushroom row in the photo

Inedible white row mushrooms in the photo

Porcini mushrooms are inedible mushrooms: the photo below shows their appearance, which every mushroom picker should remember. The cap is 3-8 cm in diameter, in young specimens it is convex with a curved edge, then open and curved, dry, smooth, white, sometimes with a creamy tint. The plates are notched white, with a creamy tint in depth. The leg is hard, elastic, white, 5-10 cm long and up to 1 cm thick. The pulp is white, dense with an unpleasant musty smell of laundry soap.

Grows in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests, especially on limestone soils. Forms “witch circles” and is often found in forest belts. Appears in large numbers shortly after rain.

Fruits from July to October.

The white row is similar to the poisonous whitish talker mushroom (Cliticybe dealbata), which is distinguished by a floury smell, the presence of concentric circles on the cap and plates running down to the stem.

Edible varieties of the row mushroom are presented below; it is worth studying them to understand the important differences in appearance.

Lilac-legged rower (Lepista personata)

Lilac-legged row in the photo

The mushroom is edible. You can examine this mushroom row in the photo and in the description in quite detail: the hairy cap is 5-14 cm in diameter, in young specimens it is strongly convex yellowish-brown with a rolled-up lavender edge, then flat-convex, open smooth light, yellowish-beige or white with lilac tint. The plates are low, frequent, adherent, descending, white or pale cream, not purple. The leg is cylindrical fibrous, glabrous, light purple or with purple streaks, 3-8 cm long and 2-3 cm thick. The flesh is white, pale purple when cut.

It grows on the edges of deciduous and mixed forests, on pastures with humus-rich soil, on potato fields and on the lawns of parks and gardens.

There are no poisonous doubles.

Gray rower (Tricholoma portentosum)

The mushroom is edible. Look at these varieties of row mushrooms in the photo: the caps are 5-10 cm in diameter, in young specimens they are convex, then open and curved, with cracks along the edges, dry, gray-olive or gray with a purple tint. The plates are white or yellowish, adherent to the teeth. The leg is cylindrical, fibrous, whitish, 5-12 cm long and 1 cm thick; if cut, it quickly breaks into separate tufts. The pulp is whitish-yellow with a floury smell and taste.

Grows in mixed and coniferous forests, on sandy soils and on moss-covered peatlands. In Russia, it is sold in markets in the fall.

Fruits from August to November. Especially appreciated late autumn, when there are already few other mushrooms.

The inedible twin, the striped row (Tricholoma virigatum), differs from the row by its gray conical cap and the greater streakiness of the young mushrooms.

Purple or titmouse (Lepista nuda)

The mushroom is edible. The fleshy cap is 5-14 cm in diameter, in young specimens it is convex, lilac or reddish-violet, then flat-convex, open, sometimes curved at the beginning of fruiting under the leaves, smooth violet or violet-brown. The plates are frequent, adherent, white or pale purple. The stalk is cylindrical, fibrous, glabrous, light purple, 5-8 cm long and 1-3 cm thick. The flesh is purple, then white-gray, pale lilac when cut.

It grows on the edges of coniferous and mixed forests, in meadows, along roads, especially on fallen conifer needles.

Fruits from August to November. Maximum fruiting in September and before frost.

There are no poisonous doubles.

The mushroom is suitable for any type of culinary processing. This is one of the most popular edible, easily identified mushrooms.

The mushroom is edible. The caps are up to 10 cm in diameter; in young specimens they are convex, finely fibrous, then open, finely scaly. The plates are often light cream, and when damaged they turn pink-brown. The leg is cylindrical, fibrous, hard, white, brownish below, 5-12 cm long and 1 cm thick. The pulp is white with a pleasant smell, sometimes slightly bitter.

Grows in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests on acidic and neutral soils.

Fruits in large quantities from August to October.

The scaly row is similar to inedible row cow's (Tricholoma vaccinum), which has bitter flesh and a scalier cap.