Performing namaz is one of the obligatory pillars of the Islamic religion. It must be followed by every true believer. Prayer frees the mind, calms the soul and purifies the consciousness. Namaz is a five-fold prayer that helps Muslims turn to God and cope with difficult situations. But in order to read namaz correctly, it is necessary to follow certain rules and perform namaz at certain times of the day and night.

Times and names of prayers

Each prayer includes several rakats, sequences of actions. They consist of reading certain surahs of the Koran in a standing position and two types of bows: to the waist and to the ground.

• Morning prayer is called Fajr and consists of 2 rak'ahs. It is performed from the moment the first signs of dawn appear until the final sunrise. The prayer stops as soon as the sun completely leaves the horizon.
• Lunch – Zuhr – 4 rakats. Starts a couple of minutes after noon.
• Afternoon - Asr - 4 rak'ahs. It takes place a few hours before sunset. It is fundamentally necessary to finish praying before the sun begins to disappear below the horizon.
• Evening - Maghrib - 3 rak'ahs. It is performed immediately after the sun has set, but before the evening glow has disappeared.
• Night – Isha – 4 rak’ahs. Done late in the evening. The time for prayer is until dawn. However, it is better not to delay and perform the prayer on time.

In addition to the basic actions, there are desirable prayers for which Allah will reward believers. For beginners, of course, to begin with it is enough to learn the main part of the ritual and get used to a regular schedule of five times prayer. But after this becomes a habit, it is advisable to add the rest of the sunnat prayers.

Preparation for prayer

Before you start praying, you need to:

• Cleanse the body: perform small ablution, wudu. If necessary, the believer must make ghusl.
• Wear clean and neat clothing: Muslim women must cover their awrah, but they may not cover their face, feet or hands. In this case, the hair should be hidden under clothing. Men do not need to cover their heads.
• Observe the timing of a particular prayer.
• Turn towards the qibla, the shrine of the Kaaba, which is located in Saudi Arabia, Mecca.
• Lay down a prayer mat, a clean towel or sheet.
• Get into a pose. Women should stand straight, legs together, and arms along the body. Men should place their feet shoulder-width apart, lower their arms freely, and look down in front of them.
• Mentally express the intention in your heart to read the prayer. Every Muslim must begin such an important task with sincerity and respect and approach with full responsibility the intention of performing prayer for the pleasure of the Almighty God.

Once all of the above points have been completed, the believer can begin prayer.

How to read namaz correctly

If the intention is pronounced silently, then everything else - the introductory takbir, dua, suras of the Koran - is spoken out loud. Not necessarily in a full voice, perhaps in a whisper, because the situation is not always conducive to complete unity.

1. From the position in which you are standing, raise your palms to your shoulders and say out loud the expression “Allahu Akbar!” This will be the opening takbir. Watch the aura: the sleeves should not fall down. Otherwise, the prayer will not be performed.
2. Cross your arms at chest level. Place your right palm on top. Read Surah Al-Fatihah.
3. Bow at the waist. Remember, men should bow lower than women and look down at their feet. Place your hands on your knees, but do not clasp them.
4. Return to the starting position.
5. Make a prostration and simultaneously say the phrase “Allahu Akbar.” To do this, kneel down, then lean on your palms and elbows and touch the ground with your nose and forehead. As you do this, press your toes into the ground.
6. With the same words, go to a sitting position and say the phrase “Subhanallah.”
7. Prostrate again and at the same time say the phrase “Allahu Akbar.”
8. Return to the starting position to make the second rak'ah.

1. Start, as at the very beginning, by reading Surah Al-Fahita. You can choose the words of dhikr, read some small surah.
2. Now bow to the waist and to the ground, as you did during the first rak'ah.
3. Sit on your feet so that your palms are on your knees and both legs are turned to the right side. This way you will sit not on your feet, but on the floor. In this position, recite the dua Attahiyat. Afterwards, if you are performing Fajr prayer, say the end of the prayer.

If you are reading a prayer that consists of three or four rakats, then after the dua, change your position: get up, stand straight and do the next rakats. Then Muslims can turn to Allah Almighty in free form in any language with prayers and requests for personal matters. The Lord will definitely hear you after prayer and help you.

22:12 2014

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Pray as you saw me praying”(Bukhari)

Below we have collected training videos for you and detailed description the entire prayer from beginning to end. May this material benefit Muslims.

Brief training in prayer. For those who want to learn, but don't know where to start.

Every Muslim should know that the acceptance of his actions by Allah Almighty depends on his compliance with the following two conditions: First, the act must be done sincerely and only for the sake of Allah Almighty. Moreover, when performing this act, a Muslim should fear only Allah, love Him more than anything else and hope only for His mercy. Secondly, a Muslim must perform this or that act in the same way as the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did it, i.e. in accordance with his Sunnah.

The absence of one of these conditions makes the ritual of worship invalid, be it prayer, ablution, fasting, zakat, etc. Therefore, in an effort to put an end to disagreements and misunderstandings related to prayer and purification, when writing this article, we exclusively relied on the verses of the Holy Quran and the authentic hadiths of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

ETIQUETTE OF NATURAL NEEDS

1. A person performing natural needs must choose a place where people cannot see him, hear sounds during the release of gases and smell excrement.

2. It is advisable to say the following words before entering the toilet: “Allahumma inni a’uzu bika mina-l-khubusi wa-l-habais!” (“O Allah! I resort to You from the vile male and female devils!”).

3. A person exercising natural needs should not talk to anyone, say greetings, or respond to anyone’s call unless necessary.

4. A person who performs natural needs, out of respect for the sacred Kaaba, should not turn his face or back to it.

5. It is necessary to avoid contact with excrement (feces and urine) on the body and clothing.

6. It is necessary to avoid exercising natural needs in places where people walk or rest.

7. A person should not fulfill his natural needs in standing water or in the water in which he bathes.

8. It is not advisable to urinate while standing. This can only be done if two conditions are met:

a. if you are sure that urine will not get on your body or clothes;

b. if a person is sure that no one will see his private parts.

9. It is necessary to clean both passages with water or stones, paper, etc. However, cleansing with water is the most preferred.

10. You need to clear both passages with your left hand.

11. After leaving the toilet, it is advisable to say the following words: “Gufranak!” (“I ask for your forgiveness, Lord!”)

12. It is advisable to enter the toilet with your left foot and exit it with your right.

SMALL WASH

Allah Almighty said: “O you who believe! When you stand up for prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, wipe your heads and wash your feet up to the ankles” (al-Maida, 6).

Conditions for performing ablution

A person performing ablution must:

1. be a Muslim;

2. be of age (according to some scientists);

3. not be mentally ill;

4. have clean water with you;

5. have the intention to perform a small ablution;

6. remove everything that prevents water from reaching the ablution organs (paint, varnish, etc.), and also, when performing a small ablution, do not leave any part of the ablution organs dry;

7. cleanse the body of impurities;

8. get rid of feces and urine.

Actions that invalidate wudu

1. Excreta coming out of the anus or anus, such as urine, feces, prostate juice, gas, bleeding, etc.

2. Deep sleep or loss of consciousness.

3. Eating camel meat.

4. Direct touching of the genitals or anus (according to some scientists).

Actions that do not invalidate wudu

1. Anything that is excreted from the human body, excluding excrement coming from the anus and anterior passages.

2. Touching a woman.

3. Eating food cooked over fire.

4. Doubt about the validity of ablution.

5. Laughter or laughter.

6. Touching the deceased.

8. Nap.

9. Touching uncleanliness. (If you touch dirt, just wash it off with water).

Procedure for performing small ablution

A person performing a small ablution must intend to perform it in his soul. However, there is no need to say the intention out loud, because the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did not say the intention out loud before ablution, prayer and other rites of worship. Starting the small ablution, you must say: “Bi-smi-llah!” (“In the name of Allah!”). Then you need to wash your hands three times. Then you need to rinse your mouth and nose three times and wash your face three times from one ear to the other and from where the hair grows to the end of the jaw (or beard). Then you need to wash both hands three times from the fingertips to the elbows inclusive, starting with right hand. Then you need to wet your palms and rub your head with them. When wiping your head, you need to run your hands over it from the end of the forehead to the beginning of the neck, and then in the opposite direction. Then you need to insert your index fingers into the ear holes and wipe the outside of the ears with your thumbs. Then you need to wash your feet from the toes to the ankles inclusive, starting with the right foot. It is necessary to wash the spaces between the toes and pay attention to ensure that the water reaches the heels. After completing the ablution, it is advisable to say: “Ashhadu alla ilaha illa-llahu wahdahu la sharika lyah, wa-ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa-rasuluh, allahumma-j'alni mina-t-tavvabina wa-j'alni mina-l-mutatakhhirin! » (“I testify that there is no deity except Allah alone, Who has no partners, and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and messenger! O Allah! Make me one of the repentant and make me one of the self-purifying!”)

GREAT WASH

Cases in which great ablution becomes obligatory

1. After sexual intercourse (even if ejaculation did not occur), as well as after emission or ejaculation that occurred as a result of passionate desire.

2. After the end of menstruation and postpartum bleeding.

3. To perform Friday prayer.

4. After death: the deceased Muslim should be washed, unless he is a martyr who fell in the path of Allah.

5. When accepting Islam.

Cases in which great ablution is advisable

1. Great ablution of a person who washed a dead person.

2. Before entering the state of ihram to perform Hajj or Umrah, as well as before entering Mecca.

3. To re-engage in sexual intercourse.

4. It is advisable for a woman who has chronic bleeding to perform a long ablution before each prayer.

Procedure for performing great ablution

After a person intends to perform a great ablution, he must say: “Bi-smi-l-lyah!” (“In the name of Allah!”) and wash your hands. Then he must wash the genitals and anus, and then perform ablution. Then you need to pour water on your head three times, while combing your hair with your hands so that the water reaches the roots of the hair. Then you need to wash all remaining parts of the body three times. Then you should wash your feet three times. (This is how the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, performed a great ablution).

If a medical bandage or plaster is applied to any organ of the body, then when performing a small or large ablution, it is necessary to wash the healthy areas of the body and wipe the bandage or plaster with a wet hand. If wiping a bandage or plaster with a wet hand harms the damaged organ, then in this case you should perform a sand bath.

WASHING WITH SAND (TAYAMMUM)

Sand washing is permitted if:

1. there is no water or there is not enough water to perform a small or large ablution;

2. a wounded or sick person is afraid that as a result of a small or large ablution his condition will worsen or his illness will prolong;

3. it is very cold, and a person cannot use water for small or large ablution (heat it up, etc.) and is afraid that the water will harm him;

4. there is little water and only enough for drinking, cooking and other necessary purposes;

5. it is impossible to reach water, for example, if an enemy or a predatory animal does not give the opportunity to approach the water, or if a person fears for his life, honor or property, or if he is imprisoned, or if he is unable to draw water from a well and etc.

Actions that invalidate sand ablution

Anything that invalidates wudu and wudu as stated earlier will also invalidate wudu. If, after performing ablution with sand, water is found or it becomes possible to use it, then ablution with sand also becomes invalid. A person who has performed namaz after he has performed ablution with sand should not perform this namaz again if he finds water. The expiration of a particular prayer does not invalidate sand ablution.

Procedure for performing sand ablution

After a person intends to perform a sand bath, he must say: “Bi-smi-l-lyakh!” (“In the name of Allah!”), and then place your palms once on the place chosen for performing ablution with sand. Then you need to clean your palms of sand by blowing on them or clapping them together. Then you should wipe your face and hands with your palms.

Sand washing is permitted only with clean sand or similar substances.

You cannot perform ablution with sand in the presence of water, as this is contrary to Sharia, and in this case, the performed prayer will be considered invalid. Therefore, you cannot perform ablution with sand in the presence of water, even if the time of prayer is coming to an end: you must perform a small or large ablution with water, and then perform the prayer.

NAMAZ

Allah Almighty said: “But they were ordered only to worship Allah, serving him sincerely, like monotheists, to perform prayer and pay zakat. This is the right faith” (al-Bayyina, 98:5).

Malik ibn al-Khuwayris, may Allah be pleased with him, reported that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: “Perform prayer as I do.”

Conditions required for performing namaz

Every Muslim who is of age and of sound mind is obliged to perform Namaz. To perform prayer, the following conditions must be present:

1. cleansing, i.e. you need to perform a small (or, if necessary, a large) ablution or a substituting ablution with sand, if necessary;

2. perform namaz at a strictly defined time for it;

3. the body and clothing of the person praying, as well as the place where prayer is performed, must be cleansed of contamination;

4. covering the parts of the body that Shariah commands to cover during prayer;

5. turning the face towards the holy Kaaba.

6. intention (in the soul) to perform one or another prayer.

Actions that invalidate prayer

1. Apostasy (may Allah Almighty protect us from this!);

2. deliberate failure to comply with any pillar, obligatory action or condition of prayer;

3. deliberately pronounce words and perform actions that are not related to prayer;

4. deliberately add unnecessary bows or bows to the ground, standing or sitting;

5. deliberate distortion of sounds or words, or changing the order of verses when reading Qur'anic suras, since this contradicts the order in which Allah sent these suras;

6. deliberate eating or drinking;

7. laughter or laughter (with the exception of a smile);

8. deliberately pronouncing the pillars and obligatory dhikrs pronounced during prayer in the soul, without moving the tongue;

9. finding water after performing ablution with sand.

Actions that are undesirable to perform during prayer

1. look up;

2. turning your head to the side for no reason;

3. look at things that distract from prayer;

4. put your hands on your belt;

5. place your elbows on the ground while bowing to the ground;

6. close your eyes;

7. without reason, make unnecessary movements that do not invalidate the prayer (itching, staggering, etc.);

8. perform namaz if it has already been served;

10. stand up for prayer while holding urine, feces or gas;

11. perform namaz with the sleeves of your jacket or shirt rolled up;

12. perform prayer with bare shoulders;

13. perform namaz wearing clothes with images of living beings (animals, people, etc.), as well as perform namaz on such images or facing them;

14. do not put an obstacle in front of yourself;

15. pronounce the intention to perform prayer with the tongue;

16. do not straighten your back and arms when bowing from the waist;

17. failure to align the rows of worshipers and the presence of empty seats in the rows when performing group prayers;

18. bring your head close to your knees and press your elbows to your body while bowing to the ground;

19. be ahead of the imam when performing group prayers;

20. reading the Koran while making bows or prostrations;

21. Always deliberately perform namaz in the mosque in the same place.

Places where prayer is prohibited

1. desecrated places;

2. in the cemetery, as well as at the grave or facing it (with the exception of funeral prayer);

3. in the bathhouse and toilet;

4. at a place where camels stop or in a camel pen.

AZAN

"Allahu Akbar!" (“Allah is great!”) – 4 times;

“Ashhadu alla ilaha illa-l-lah!” (“I testify that there is no god but Allah!”) – 2 times;

“Ashhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul-l-lah” (“I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah!”) – 2 times;

“Hayya Ala-s-salah!” (“Hurry to prayer!”) – 2 times;

“Hayya ala-l-falyah!” (“Hurry to success!”) – 2 times;

IKAMA

"Allahu Akbar!" (“Allah is great!”) – 2 times;

“Ashhadu alla ilaha illa-l-lah!” (“I testify that there is no god but Allah!”) – 1 time;

“Ashhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasul-l-lah” (“I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah!”) – 1 time;

“Hayya Ala-s-salah!” (“Hurry to prayer!”) – 1 time;

“Hayya ala-l-falyah!” (“Hurry to success!”) – 1 time;

“Kad kamati-s-salah!” (“Namaz has already begun!”) – 2 times;

"Allahu Akbar!" (“Allah is great!”) – 2 times;

“La ilaha illa-l-lah” (“There is no god but Allah!”) – 1 time.

PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING NAMAZ

A person performing namaz must turn his whole body to the sacred Kaaba located in Mecca. Then he must intend in his soul to perform one or another prayer. Then he must, raising his hands at shoulder or ear level, say: “Allahu Akbar!” (“Allah is great!”). This initial takbir is called in Arabic “takbirat al-ihram” (lit. “forbidding takbir”), since after its pronunciation the person who begins to perform namaz is prohibited from certain actions that are permitted outside of namaz (talking, eating, etc. ). Then he should place the palm of his right hand on the hand of his left and place both hands on his chest. Then he must say the opening prayer: “Subhanaka-llahumma wa bi-hamdika wa tabaraka-smuka wa ta’ala jadduka wa la ilaha gairuk!” (“Glorified are You, O Allah! Praise be to You! Blessed be your name! High is Your greatness! There is no god but You!”)

Then the worshiper must say: “A’uzu bi-l-lyahi mina-sh-sheitani-r-rajim!” (“I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan!”) Then he must recite Surah al-Fatihah (“The Opener of the Qur’an”):

“Bi-smi-llahi-r-rahmani-r-rahim!”

1. “Al-hamdu li-llahi rabbi-l-alamin!”

2. “Ar-rahmani-r-rahim!”

3. “Maliki yaumi-d-din!”

4. “Iyyaka na’budu wa iyyaka nasta’in!”

5. “Ikhdina-s-sirata-l-mustagim!”

6. “Sirata-l-lyazina an’amta aleikhim!”

7. “Gairi-l-magdubi aleihim wa la-d-dallin!”

(“In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful!

1. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds,

2. Gracious, Merciful,

3. Lord of the Day of Retribution!

4. You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help.

5. Lead us direct way,

6. in the way of those whom You have blessed,

7. not those on whom wrath has fallen, and not those who are lost").

Then he must say: “Amen!” (“Lord! Heed our prayer!”). Then he must recite any sura (or suras) of the Qur'an that he knows by heart.

Then he must raise his hands at shoulder level and, saying the words: “Allahu Akbar!”, make a bow from the waist, exalting Allah Almighty. It is advisable for him to straighten his back and head parallel to the floor and place his palms on his kneecaps, fingers spread out. While bowing from the waist, he must say three times: “Subhana rabbiyal-azim!” (“Pure is my great Lord!”) It is advisable to add to this the words: “Subhanaka-l-lahumma Rabbana wa bi-hamdik! Allahumma-gfirli! (“Glorified are You, O Allah, our Lord! Praise be to You! O Allah! Forgive me!”).

Then he must rise from the waist bow. Rising, he must say: “Sami’a-l-lahu liman hamidah!” (“May Allah hear the one who praises Him!”) and raise your hands at shoulder level. Having fully erected himself, he must say: “Rabbana wa-laka-l-hamd!” (“Our Lord! Praise be to you!”) or: “Rabbana wa laka-l-hamdu hamdan kasiran tayyiban mubarakan fih, mil'a-s-samawati wa-mil'a-l-ardi wa-mil'a ma shi' ta min sheyin ba'd!

Then he must bow to the ground with humility before Allah and reverence for Him. As he descends, he must say: “Allahu Akbar!” When making a prostration, he must place his forehead and nose, both palms, both knees and the tips of the toes of both feet on the ground, move his elbows away from the body and not put them on the ground, point the tips of his fingers towards Mecca, move his knees away from each other and connect feet In this position, he must say three times: “Subhana rabbiyal-a’la!” (“Pure is my Supreme Lord!”) It is advisable to add to this the words: “Subhanaka-l-lahumma Rabbana wa bi-hamdik! Allahumma-gfir li!

Then he must raise his head from a bow to the ground, while saying “Allahu Akbar!” After this, he must sit on his left leg, place his right foot vertically, pointing the toes of his right foot towards the Kaaba, place his right palm on his right thigh, while opening his fingers, and left palm Place it on your left thigh in the same way. While in this position, he must say: “Rabbi-gfir li, va-rhamni, va-khdini, va-rzukni, va-jburni, va-afini!” (“Lord! Forgive me! Have mercy on me! Guide me on the straight path! Grant me inheritance! Correct me! Make me healthy!”) Or he should say: “Rabbi-gfir! Rabbi-gfir!” (“Lord, forgive me! Lord, forgive me!”)

Then he must show humility before Allah and respect Him and with the words “Allahu Akbar!” make a second prostration in the same way as he made the first, while pronouncing the same words. This completes the first rak'at of prayer. Then he must stand on his feet, while saying “Allahu Akbar!” Having risen, he must do in the second rak'ah everything that he did in the first, with the exception of the opening prayer. Having completed the second rak’at, he should say “Allahu Akbar!” raise your head from the bow and sit down in the same way as he sat between the two bows to the ground, but at the same time he must press the ring finger and little finger of his right hand to the palm, connect the middle and thumb, and point the index finger towards the Kaaba. He must recite the prayers “Tashahhud”, “Salyavat” and “Isti’aza”.

Tashahhud: “At-tahiyyatu li-llahi wa-s-salyawatu wa-t-tayyibat! As-salamu aleyka eiyuha-n-nabiyyu wa-rahmatu-llahi wa-barakatuh! As-salamu aleyna wa ala ibad-llahi-s-salihin! Ashhadu alla ilaha ila-llah, wa-ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluh!” (“All greetings are to Allah, all prayers and righteous deeds! Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of Allah and His blessings! Peace be upon us and all the righteous servants of Allah! I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and messenger!")

Salawat: “Allahumma salli ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama salleyta ala Ibrahima wa ala ali Ibrahim! Innaka hamidun majid! Wa barik ala Muhammadin wa ala ali Muhammad, kama barakta ala Ibrahima wa ala ali Ibrahim! Innaka hamidun majid! (“O Allah! Praise Muhammad and his family just as you praised Ibrahim and his family! Verily, You are praiseworthy, glorious! And bless Muhammad and his family just as you blessed Ibrahim and his family! Verily, You are praiseworthy, glorious!”)

Istia'za: "Allahumma inni a'uzu bika min azabi-l-kabr, wa min azabi jahannam, wa min fitnati-l-makhya wa-l-mamat, wa min sharri fitnati-l-masihi-d-dajjal!" (“O Allah! Verily, I resort to You from torment in the grave, and from torment in hell, and from temptations during life and after death, and from the temptation of the Antichrist!”)

After this, he can ask Allah for any good, both in this worldly and in the afterlife. Then he must turn his head to the right and say: “As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatu-l-lah!” (“Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah!”) Then he should turn his head to the left in the same way and say the same thing.

If the prayer consists of three or four rak’ats, then he must read “Tashahhud” up to the words: “Ashhadu alla ilaha ila-llah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa-rasuluh!”, and then with the words “Allahu akbar!” stand on your feet and raise your hands to shoulder level. Then he must perform the remaining rak'ats of prayer in the same way as he performed the second rak'at, with the only difference that in subsequent rak'ats it is not necessary to read the sura after Surah al-Fatiha. Having completed the last rak'ah, the worshiper must sit down in the same way as he sat down before, with the only difference being that he must place the foot of his left foot under the shin of his right and sit on the seat. Then he must read the entire Tashahhud to the end and, turning his head to the right and left, say in both directions: “As-salamu alaikum va-rahmatu-llah!”

ZIKRAS SAYED AFTER NAMAZ

3 times: “Astagfiru-llah!” (“I ask forgiveness from Allah!”)

“Allahumma anta-sa-salamu wa minka-s-salaam! Tabarakta ya za-l-jalyali wa-l-ikram!” (“O Allah! You are peace, and from You comes peace! Blessed are You, O Possessor of greatness and generosity!”)

“La ilaha illa-llahu wahdahu la sharika lah, lahu-l-mulku wa lahu-l-hamdu wa huwa ala kuli shey’in kadir! Allahumma la mani'a lima a'tayt, wa la mu'tiya lima mana't, wa la yanfa'u zal-jaddi minka-l-jadd!” (“There is no deity except one Allah, Who has no partners! Power and praise belong to Him! He is capable of every thing! O Allah! No one can stop You from giving what You wish! No one can give what You do not wish! O Possessor of greatness! His greatness will not save anyone from You! ")

“La ilaha illa-llahu wahdahu la sharika lyah, lahu-l-mulku wa-lahu-l-hamdu wa huwa ala kulli shey’in kadir! La hawla wa la quwwata illya bi-llah! La ilaha illa-llahu wa la na’budu illa iyyah! Lyahu-n-ni'matu wa-lahu-l-fadlu wa-lahu-s-sana'u-l-hasan! La ilaha illa-llahu mukhlisina lyahu-d-dina wa lau kariha-l-kafirun!” (“There is no deity except Allah alone, Who has no partners! Power and praise belong to Him! He is capable of every thing! There is no strength and might except with Allah! There is no deity but Allah, and we do not worship anyone except Him ! To Him belong blessings, excellence and wonderful praise! There is no god but Allah! We worship Him alone, even if the unbelievers do not like it! "

33 times: “Subhan-Allah!” (“Glory be to Allah!”)

33 times: “Al-hamdu li-llah!” (“Praise be to Allah!”)

33 times: “Allahu Akbar!” (“Allah is great!”)

And at the end 1 time: “La ilaha illya-l-lahu wahdahu la sharika lakh, lahu-l-mulku wa-lyahu-l-hamdu wa-huva ala kulli shey’in kadir!” (“There is no deity except Allah alone, who has no partners! Power and praise belong to Him! He is capable of every thing!”)

It is advisable to read after each prayer “Ayat al-Kursi” (“Ayat on the Throne”): “Allahu la ilaha illya huwa-l-hayyu-l-kayyum, la ta’huzuhu sinatun wa la naum, lahu ma fi-s-samawati wa ma fi-l-ard, man za-l-lyazi yashfa'u indahu illya bi-iznih, ya'lyamu ma beina eidihim wa ma halfahum, wa la yuhituna bi shey'in min ilmihi illya bi-ma sha, wasi' and kursiyuhu-s-samavati wa-l-arda wa-la ya'uduhu hifzukhuma, wa-huwa-l-aliyyu-l-azim!” (“Allah is there is no deity except Him, the Living, the Almighty. Neither drowsiness nor sleep overtakes Him. To Him belongs what is in the heavens and what is on earth. Who will intercede before Him without His permission? He knows them the future and the past, while they comprehend from His knowledge only what He wills. His Throne (Foot of the Throne) embraces the heavens and the earth, and His protection of them does not burden Him. He is the Exalted, the Great" (al-Baqarah, 2: 255). Between those who read this verse after prayer and heaven there will only be death.

It is also advisable to read Surah al-Ikhlas (Sincerity) after prayer: “Bi-smi-llahi-r-rahmani-r-rahim! Kul huwa-llahu ahad! Allahu samad! Lam yalid wa lam yulid! Wa lam yaku-l-lyahu kufuvan ahad!” (“In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful! Say: “He is Allah the One, Allah the Self-sufficient. He did not beget and was not begotten, and there is no one equal to Him.””).

Sura “al-Falyak” (“Dawn”): “Bi-smi-llahi-r-rahmani-r-rahim! Kul a'uzu bi-rabbi-l-falyak! Min sharri ma halyak! Wa min sharri gasikin iza vakab! Wa min sharri-n-naffasati fi-l-ukad! Wa min sharri hasidin iza hasad!” (“In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful! Say: “I seek refuge in the Lord of the dawn from the evil of what He has created, from the evil of darkness when it comes, from the evil of witches who spit on knots, from the evil of the envious when he envies."

Sura “an-Nas” (“People”): “Bi-smi-llahi-r-rahmani-r-rahim! Kul a'uzu bi-rabbi-n-us! Maliki-n-us! Ilyahi-n-us! Min sharri-l-waswasi-l-khannas! Al-lyazi yuvasviu fi suduri-n-us! Mina-l-jinnati va-n-us!” (“In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful! Say: “I seek refuge in the Lord of men, the King of men, the God of men, from the evil of the tempter who retreats (or shrinks) at the remembrance of Allah, who inspires in the breasts of men and is from the jinn and men.”" ).

Say 10 times after dawn and sunset prayers: “La ilaha illa-l-lahu wahdahu la sharika lah, lahu-l-mulku wa-lahu-l-hamdu yukhyi va-yumit, wa-huva ala kulli shey’in kadir!” (“There is no deity except Allah alone, Who has no partners! Power and praise belong to Him! He gives life and kills! He is capable of every thing!”)

It is also advisable to say after dawn prayer: “Allahumma inni as’aluka ilman nafi’a, wa rizkan tayyiba, wa amalyan mutakabbala!” (“O Allah! I ask You for useful knowledge, a wonderful destiny and deeds that You will accept!”)

Procedure for performing the midday prayer

The midday prayer consists of four rak'ahs (cycles). It is done as follows:

1. Having previously fulfilled all the conditions necessary to begin performing prayer, face the revered Kaaba, discarding all extraneous thoughts. Turn your heart and attention to Allah, thinking of His Greatness, mercy and love for His creatures, with the awareness that He is watching over you. In this case, the legs should be shoulder-width apart, the feet should be on the same line, the arms should be lowered, the gaze should be directed to the place where the forehead touches when bowing to the ground.

During the entire prayer, women need to show composure of their body: their legs should be together, their hands should be pressed to the body;

2. Intention.

Starting prayer, Necessarily make the intention in your heart to perform the appropriate prayer. Do this at the same time as saying takbira, that is, the words “Allahu Akbar” for entering prayer. For example: “I intend to perform the obligatory (fard) midday prayer for the sake of Allah.”. That is, you must mentally express your intention to perform namaz, indicate in it that you are performing the obligatory (farz) prayer, and what kind of prayer (morning, midday or afternoon, etc.). It is advisable to indicate in the intention whether this is a timely prayer or a refundable one, as well as the number of rakats. It should be remembered that prayer is performed only for the sake of Allah.

However, before takbir, it is sunnah to first say the intention out loud, and this is done so that it is easier to focus on it mentally.

3. Saying takbir.

Necessarily standing, recite the introductory takbir:

اَللهُ اَكْبَرُ

"Allahu Akbar" (Allah is great). After pronouncing it, you are already in prayer. Takbir and subsequent verbal arcana and prayers should be pronounced so that you yourself can hear the reading, observing, as expected, all the rules of reading and pronouncing the letters without distortion, without adding or subtracting a single letter. All prayers must be read only while exhaling.

When pronouncing takbir, it is recommended to raise your hands so that your thumbs are at the level of your earlobes, your palms are facing forward, and the remaining fingers are slightly bent and also pointing forward.
Women also raise their hands in the same way.

4. Standing.

Necessarily stand while performing ritual prayer, if a person can. In this case, it is recommended to fold your hands below the chest and above the navel so that the right palm is on the wrist of the left hand and holds it.

5. Reading Surah Al-Fatihah(first sura of the Koran).

Necessarily reading Surah Al-Fatihah so that they themselves can hear the reading, observing all the rules of reading (tajweed) and the sequence of verses and pronouncing the letters without distortion. The correct reading of Surah Al-Fatihah must be learned directly from the lips of a competent teacher and this should be done without delay.

If someone cannot recite Surah Al-Fatihah correctly, then he should recite any verses of the Holy Quran whose total number of letters is equivalent to the number of letters in Surah Al-Fatihah (156 letters). If a person knows one or more verses from Surah Al-Fatihah (Basmala is also a verse in Surah Al-Fatihah), he can repeat them so many times to get the same number of letters as in Surah Al-Fatihah " If a person cannot read anything from the Quran, he should read the words of remembrance of Allah (dhikr):

سُبْحانَ اللهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلهِ وَلآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ واَللهُ اَكْبَرُ

“Subhanallahi, wal-hamdulillahi, wala ilaha illallahu wallahu akbar”
(Allah is pure from all shortcomings, praise and glory be to Allah, there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, Allah is Great).

The worshiper pronounces these words so many times that there are at least the same number of letters as in Surah Al-Fatihah. For example, it is enough to say the words “Allahu Akbar” twenty times. If a person cannot read either Surah Al-Fatihah or anything else from the Koran, cannot read dhikr (for example, a person who has just accepted faith), then he stands silently for as long as it takes a moderate reading of the sura. Al-Fatiha."

آمينَ يا رَبَّ الْعالَمينَ

"Amin, I am Rabbal-'alamin"

(O Allah, Lord of the worlds, fulfill my request!).

It is also advisable to read after Surah Al-Fatihah at least one or three verses from the Koran in the first and second rak'ahs. Before reading Surah Al-Fatihah in the first rak'ah, it is recommended to read the prayer "Iftitah" (see Appendix 5) and then "Isti'az".

6. Bow from the waist(hand‘).

After reading Surah Al-Fatihah Necessarily bow from the waist so that the palms of both hands rest on the cups of your knees. In this case, the elbows are slightly moved to the sides, the back, neck and head are in one straight line. In this position you need to stay in a state of rest. for a while(at least for a time sufficient to pronounce “Subhanallah”). This delay is called "fog". It should be noted that bowing, like all other subsequent actions of prayer, should not be performed for any other purpose than to fulfill an element of prayer. It is recommended that when performing a bow from the waist, raise your hands to ear level in the same way as when entering prayer, and say: “Allahu Akbar.” Also, during a bow, it is advisable to say three times:

سُبْحانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظيمِ وَبِحَمْدِه

“Subhana Rabbiyal-‘azimi va bihamdihi”

(My Great Lord is above all shortcomings, praise be to Him).

7. Straightening(i'tidal).

Necessarily return after bowing to the starting position “standing” and stay in this position for a while (tumanina). It is recommended that while straightening, raise your hands to ear level, as before, and say:

سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ

"Sami'Allahu liman hamidah"

(Allah accepts the praises of the one who praises Him), stretching the pronunciation over the entire period of straightening. After you have finally straightened up, it is advisable to say:

رَبَّنا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ

"Rabbana lakal-hamd"

(O our Lord! Praise be to You!).

8. Prostration(sujud).

Then Necessarily bow to the ground, pressing your forehead to the floor (rug). To do this, first kneel down, then lean forward, rest both hands on the floor and touch the floor with your forehead. Part of both knees, part of the palms of both hands, the bottom of the toes (with the fingers pointing towards the Qibla) and part of the forehead (the nose also touches the floor) should touch the floor. At the same time, the weight of the head presses on the forehead. Stay in this position for some time, during which it is recommended to say three times:

سُبْحانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلى وَبِحَمْدِه

"Subhana Rabbiyal-a'la wa bihamdihi"

(My Great Lord is above all shortcomings, praise be to Him).

It is also recommended to say “Allahu Akbar” before bowing to the ground. When bowing to the ground, it is desirable that the hands are at shoulder level, the fingers are slightly pressed together and directed towards the Kaaba. For men, it is recommended that when bowing to the ground, the elbows should be moved to the sides and raised from the floor, the stomach should not touch the hips. Women, when bowing to the ground and from the waist, keep their elbows pressed to the body, and when bowing to the ground, the elbows are also raised from the floor, but the stomach touches the hips.

There should be no obstacles between the forehead and the place where it rests, for example, hair, a hat or a scarf, at least part of the forehead should touch the floor directly.

9. Sitting between two prostrations.

Necessarily after bowing to the ground, sit down, straightening your torso, and remain in this position for some time. When rising from a prostration, it is advisable to say “Allahu Akbar.” While in a sitting position, it is recommended to say:

رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لي وَارْحَمْني وَاجْبُرْني وَارْفَعْني وَارْزُقْني وَاهْدِني وَعافِني

“Rabbigfir li, warhamni, vajburni, warfa‘ni, warzukni, vahdini, wa‘afini.”

(Oh my Lord! Give me forgiveness, have mercy on me, help me, raise my level, give me food, lead me further along the true path and protect me from illnesses).

When sitting, it is recommended to tuck your left leg under you so that your foot is under your buttocks, while your right foot is positioned vertically on the floor and rests on your toes pointing forward, towards the Qibla, as if bowing to the ground. This way of sitting is called "iftirash". It is recommended to place your hands on your knees while sitting, with your fingers pointing towards the Kaaba.

10. Required execute second prostration. It is performed in the same way as the first one. At the same time, bending down and rising, say takbir. With the performance of the second prostration, the first rak'ah (cycle) of prayer ends.

11. After that Necessarily need to stand up full length for execution second rak'ah. To do this, first take the “sitting on your knees” position, then, resting your hands on the floor, palms down, stand up to your full height and take the “standing” position, as at the beginning of the previous rakah. During the ascent, it is recommended to say “Allahu Akbar”. Repeat after this all points from 5 to 10. This ends the second rak'ah.

12. After the second prostration of the second rak'ah (in prayers consisting of 3 or 4 rak'ahs), it is recommended to sit down and read "Tashahhud"(its other name is “At-Tahiyat”, and after it “Salavat” Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). It is advisable to sit in the “iftirash” position (see point 9). If necessary, you can sit on both crossed feet.

It is recommended to keep both hands on your knees. The fingers of the left hand lie on the left knee and are directed towards the Kaaba, the fingers of the right hand lie on the right knee, except for the index, which rises slightly when pronouncing “Illallah” (in “Tashahhud”) and remains in this position until the end of the sitting. In this case, the gaze from the place where the forehead touches is directed to the rising index finger, even if you cannot see it due to darkness or for another reason. The raised finger is slightly bent, the middle, ring and little fingers of the right hand are slightly clenched into a fist, and the thumb is lightly pressed against the index finger.

13. Then Necessarily necessary stand up and perform the next two rak'ahs in the same way as described in paragraphs 5 - 11. When getting up on the third rak'ah, it is recommended to raise your hands to the level of your ears, while simultaneously saying “Allahu Akbar.” However, you should not raise your hands before the fourth rak'ah.

14. After performing the second sajda in the last rakah Necessarily sit down and read “Tashahhud” and “Salavat”. It is recommended to hold your hands as indicated in paragraph 12. The index finger is slightly raised when pronouncing “Illallah” and remains in this position until the end of the prayer. It is recommended to sit on the floor, bending your left leg and putting it under your right leg, which remains in the same position as when bowing to the ground (Fig.9). This way of sitting is called "tawarruk".
However, after “Tashahhud” it is recommended to read “as-Salat al-Ibrahimiya” in full, then it is advisable to say dua. You can also read this famous dua:

اَللّهُمَّ إِنّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذابِ جَهَنَّمَ وَمِنْ عَذابِ الْقَبْرِ وَمِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيا وَالْمَماتِ وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسيحِ الدَّجّالِ

“Allahumma inni a‘u h u bik min 'a h abi jahannama wa min 'a h abil-kabri wa min fitnatil-makhya val-mamati wa min sharri fitnatil-masihi-ddajjali.”

(O Allah! I seek help and salvation from You from the torments of Hell, and from the torments of the grave, from the delusions of life and death and from the evil of the turmoil of the false messiah Dajjal).

15. Final “Salaam”.

Completing the prayer, Necessarily pronounce "As-Salamu 'alaikum", but it is recommended to say:

اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ

“As-Salamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatullah”, turning your head first to the right, then to the left. The midday prayer ends with the recitation of these words.

Procedure for performing afternoon and night prayers

Afternoon and night prayers are performed in the same way as midday prayers. The intention should indicate that the obligatory afternoon (or night) prayer is performed. In the first two rak'ahs of the night prayer, men are recommended to read a short surah out loud after Surah Al-Fatihah. This is also allowed for women if there are no strangers nearby.

Procedure for performing evening namza

The three rak'ahs of the evening prayer are performed in the same way as the first three rak'ahs of the night prayer, but with the intention of performing the obligatory evening prayer. After the second sajda of the third rak'ah, paragraphs 14 and 15.

Procedure for performing morning prayer

The two rakats of the morning prayer are performed in the same way as the first two rakats of the night prayer, but with the intention of performing the obligatory morning prayer.

After the second sajdah of the second rak'ah, perform paragraphs 14 and 15. Also after saying "Rabbana lakal-hamd", straightening up after bowing from the waist (in i'tidal) the second rak'ah, it is recommended to read the dua "Qunut".

"It was narrated by Imams an-Nawawi and Ibn Hibban that one day a certain person came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked: “O Messenger of Allah! Truly, I cannot learn to read the Koran. Teach me what will replace reading the Koran.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: “Say: subhanallahi, wal-hamdulillahi, wala ilaha illallahu wallahu akbar, wala hawla wala quwwata illya billahil-'aliyil-'azim."
“In another saying, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If you can read the Koran, then read it. If not, then read: al-hamdu lillah, la ilaha illallah, Allahu akbar.”

“When reading “Salavat” in “Tashahhud” of obligatory prayers, the word “sallim” is not pronounced. “Tashahhud” is read without this word.”

"Having said “Salam” and turning your head to the right, it is advisable to mentally greet all the believers (people, angels and jinn) who are on your right side. Then, in the same way, turn your head to the left and say “Salam”, while mentally making the intention to greet everyone believers on your left."

The procedure for performing namaz in the four madhhabs (theological and legal schools) of Islam has some minor differences, through which the entire palette of the prophetic heritage is interpreted, revealed and mutually enriched. Considering that in the territory Russian Federation and the CIS, the most widely spread is the madhhab of Imam Nu'man ibn Sabit Abu Hanifa, as well as the madhhab of Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i, we will analyze in detail only the features of the mentioned two schools.

In ritual practice, it is advisable for a Muslim to follow any one madhhab, but in a difficult situation, as an exception, one can act according to the canons of any other Sunni madhhab.

“Perform the obligatory prayer and pay zakat [obligatory charity]. Hold on to God [ask for help only from Him and rely on Him, strengthen yourself through worshiping Him and doing good deeds to Him]. He is your Patron..." (see).

Attention! Read all articles on prayer and issues related to it in a special section on our website.

“Truly, it is prescribed for believers to perform prayer-namaz at a strictly defined time!” (cm. ).

In addition to these verses, let us recall that the hadith, which lists the five pillars of religious practice, also mentions daily prayer five times a day.

To perform prayer the following conditions must be met:

1. The person must be a Muslim;

2. He must be an adult (children must begin to be taught to pray from the age of seven to ten);

3. He must be of sound mind. People with mental disorders completely exempt from religious practice;

6. Clothing and place of prayer should be;

8. Turn your face towards Mecca, where the shrine of Abrahamic Monotheism is located - the Kaaba;

9. There must be an intention to pray (in any language).

Order of performing morning prayer (Fajr)

Time committing morning prayer- from the moment of dawn until the beginning of sunrise.

Morning prayer consists of two rak'ahs of sunnah and two rak'ahs of fard.

Two rak'ahs of sunnah

At the end of the azan, both the reader and the one who heard it say “salavat” and, raising their hands to chest level, turn to the Almighty with a prayer traditionally recited after the azan:

Transliteration:

“Allaahumma, Rabba haazihi dda’wati ttaammati wa ssalyayatil-kaaima. Eeti mukhammadanil-vasilyata val-fadyilya, wab'ashu makaaman mahmuudan elyazii va'adtakh, warzuknaa shafa'atahu yavmal-kyayame. Innakya laya tuhliful-mii’aad.”

للَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ وَ الصَّلاَةِ الْقَائِمَةِ

آتِ مُحَمَّدًا الْوَسيِلَةَ وَ الْفَضيِلَةَ وَ ابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْموُدًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ ،

وَ ارْزُقْنَا شَفَاعَتَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، إِنَّكَ لاَ تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ .

Translation:

“O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and beginning prayer! Give Prophet Muhammad “al-wasiyla” and dignity. Give him the high position promised. And help us to take advantage of his intercession on the Day of Judgment. Verily, You do not break your promise!”

Also, after reading the azan, announcing the onset of morning prayer, it is advisable to say the following du‘a:

Transliteration:

“Allaahumma haaze ikbaalyu nahaarikya wa idbaaru laylikya wa asvaatu du’aatik, fagfirlii.”

اَللَّهُمَّ هَذَا إِقْبَالُ نَهَارِكَ وَ إِدْباَرُ لَيْلِكَ

وَ أَصْوَاتُ دُعَاتِكَ فَاغْفِرْ لِي .

Translation:

“O Almighty! This is the coming of Your day, the end of Your night and the voices of those calling to You. I'm sorry!"

Step 2. Niyat

(intention): “I intend to perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah of morning prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

Then men, raising their hands to ear level so that the thumbs touch the lobes, and women - to shoulder level, pronounce “takbir”: “Allahu akbar” (“Allah is great”). It is advisable for men to separate their fingers, and for women to close them. After this, men place their hands on their stomachs just below the navel, placing their right hand on top of their left, wrapping the little finger and thumb of their right hand around the wrist of their left. Women lower their hands to their chests, placing their right hand on the left wrist.

The gaze of the worshiper is directed to the place where he will lower his face during prostration.

Step 3

Then Surah al-Ikhlas is read:

Transliteration:

“Kul huwa laahu ahad. Allahu ssomad. Lam yalid wa lam yulyad. Wa lam yakul-lyahu kufuvan ahad.”

قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ . اَللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ . لَمْ يَلِدْ وَ لَمْ يوُلَدْ . وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ .

Translation:

“Say: “He, Allah, is One. God is Eternal. [Only He is the one in whom everyone will need to infinity.] He did not give birth and was not born. And no one can equal Him."

Step 4

The person praying with the words “Allahu Akbar” makes a bow from the waist. At the same time, he places his hands on his knees, palms down. Bend over, straightens his back, holds his head at the level of his back, looking at the soles of his feet. Having accepted this position, the worshiper says:

Transliteration:

"Subhaana rabbiyal-'azim"(3 times).

سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ

Translation:

"Praise be to my Great Lord."

Step 5

The worshiper returns to his previous position and, rising, says:

Transliteration:

"Sami'a laahu li men hamidekh."

سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ

Translation:

« The Almighty hears the one who praises Him».

Straightening up, he says:

Transliteration:

« Rabbanaa lakal-hamd».

رَبَّناَ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ

Translation:

« Our Lord, praise only to You».

It is possible (sunnah) to also add the following: “ Mil'as-samaavaati wa mil'al-ard, wa mil'a maa shi'te min shein ba'd».

مِلْءَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ مِلْءَ اْلأَرْضِ وَ مِلْءَ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدُ

Translation:

« [Our Lord, praise be to You alone] which fills the heavens and the earth and whatever You desire».

Step 6

The person praying with the words “Allahu Akbar” lowers himself to bow to the ground. Most Islamic scholars (jumhur) said that from the point of view of the Sunnah, the most correct way to bow to the ground is to lower your knees first, then your hands, and then your face, placing it between your hands and touching your nose and forehead to the ground (rug).

In this case, the tips of the toes should not leave the ground and be directed towards the qibla. Eyes must be open. Women press their chests to their knees, and their elbows to their torso, while it is advisable for them to close their knees and feet.

After the worshiper has accepted this position, he says:

Transliteration:

« Subhaana rabbiyal-a'lyaya" (3 times).

سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الأَعْلىَ

Translation:

« Praise be to my Lord, Who is above all».

Step 7

With the words “Allahu Akbar,” the worshiper raises his head, then his hands, and, straightening up, sits on his left leg, placing his hands on his hips so that his fingertips touch his knees. The worshiper remains in this position for some time. It should be noted that, according to the Hanafis, in all sitting positions When performing prayer, women should sit with their thighs joined and both feet pointed to the right. But this is not fundamental.

Then again, with the words “Allahu Akbar,” the worshiper lowers himself to make a second prostration and repeats what was said during the first.

Step 8

Raising first his head, then his hands, and then his knees, the worshiper stands up, saying “Allahu Akbar,” and takes his original position.

This ends the first rakyaat and the second begins.

In the second rakyaat, “as-Sana” and “a’uzu bil-lyahi minash-shaytoni rrajim” are not read. The worshiper begins immediately with “bismil-lahi rrahmani rrahim” and does everything in the same way as in the first rakyaat, until the second bow to the ground.

Step 9

After the worshiper rises from the second prostration, he again sits on his left foot and reads “tashahhud.”

Hanafis (placing their hands loosely on their hips without closing their fingers):

Transliteration:

« At-tahiyayatu lil-lyahi vas-salavaatu wat-toyibaat,

As-salayamu ‘alaikya ayukhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakayatukh,

Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illya llaahu wa ashkhadu anna muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuulyukh.”

اَلتَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ وَ الصَّلَوَاتُ وَ الطَّيِّباَتُ

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيـُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتُهُ

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْناَ وَ عَلىَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ

Translation:

« Greetings, prayers and all good deeds belong only to the Almighty.

Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of God and His blessing.

Peace be upon us and the pious servants of the Almighty.

I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.”

When pronouncing the words “la ilahe”, it is advisable to raise the index finger of the right hand up, and when saying “illa llaahu”, lower it.

Shafiites (placing the left hand freely, without separating the fingers, and clenching the right hand into a fist and releasing the thumb and forefinger; while the thumb is in a bent position adjacent to the hand):

Transliteration:

« At-tahiyayatul-mubaarakayatus-salavaatu ttoyibaatu lil-layah,

As-salayamu ‘alaikya ayukhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakayatuh,

As-salayamu ‘alyainaa wa ‘alaya ‘ibaadil-lyahi ssaalihiin,

Ashhadu allaya ilyayahe illya llaahu wa ashhadu anna muhammadan rasuulul-laah.”

اَلتَّحِيَّاتُ الْمُبَارَكَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ الطَّـيِّـبَاتُ لِلَّهِ ،

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيـُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتـُهُ ،

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْـنَا وَ عَلىَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ ،

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ .

While pronouncing the words “illa-laahu,” the index finger of the right hand is raised up without additional movements (while the gaze of the praying person can be turned to this finger) and lowered.

Step 10

After reading “tashahhud”, the worshiper, without changing his position, says “salavat”:

Transliteration:

« Allahumma sally ‘alaya sayidinaa muhammadin wa ‘alaaya eeli sayidinaa muhammad,

Kyama sallayte ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraakhim va ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa ibraakhim,

Wa baarik ‘alaya sayidinaa Muhammadin wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa Muhammad,

Kamaa baarakte ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraakhima va ‘alaiya eeli sayidinaa ibraakhima fil-‘aalamiin, innekya hamiidun majiid» .

اَللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ

كَماَ صَلَّيْتَ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ

وَ باَرِكْ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ

كَماَ باَرَكْتَ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي الْعاَلَمِينَ

إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ

Translation:

« O Allah! Bless Muhammad and his family, as You blessed Ibrahim (Abraham) and his family.

And send down blessings on Muhammad and his family, just as You sent down blessings on Ibrahim (Abraham) and his family in all the worlds.

Verily, You are the Praised One, the Glorified One.”

Step 11

After reading the salavat, it is advisable to turn to the Lord with a prayer (du'a). Theologians of the Hanafi madhhab claim that only that form of prayer that is mentioned in the Holy Quran or in the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (may the Lord bless him and greet him) can be used as a du‘a. Another part of Islamic theologians allows the use of any form of du'a. At the same time, the opinion of scholars is unanimous that the text of the du‘a used in prayer should only be on Arabic. This prayer-du'a is read without raising the hands.

Let us list the possible forms of supplication (du'a):

Transliteration:

« Rabbanaa eetina fid-dunyaya hasanatan wa fil-aakhyrati hasanatan wa kynaa ‘azaaban-naar».

رَبَّناَ آتِناَ فِي الدُّنـْياَ حَسَنَةً وَ فِي الأَخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَ قِناَ عَذَابَ النَّارِ

Translation:

« Our Lord! Give us good things in this and the next life, protect us from the torments of Hell».

Transliteration:

« Allahumma innii zolyamtu nafsia zulmen kyasiira, va innahu laya yagfiru zzunuube illya ent. Fagfirlii magfiraten min ‘indik, warhamnia, innakya entel-gafuurur-rahiim».

اَللَّهُمَّ إِنيِّ ظَلَمْتُ نـَفْسِي ظُلْمًا كَثِيرًا

وَ إِنـَّهُ لاَ يَغـْفِرُ الذُّنوُبَ إِلاَّ أَنـْتَ

فَاغْـفِرْ لِي مَغـْفِرَةً مِنْ عِنْدِكَ

وَ ارْحَمْنِي إِنـَّكَ أَنـْتَ الْغـَفوُرُ الرَّحِيمُ

Translation:

« O Almighty! Verily, I have repeatedly acted unjustly towards myself [by committing sins], and no one forgives sins except You. Forgive me with Your forgiveness! Have mercy on me! Verily, You are the Forgiving, the Merciful».

Transliteration:

« Allahumma innii a'uuzu bikya min 'azaabi jahannam, wa min 'azaabil-kabr, wa min fitnatil-makhyaya wal-mamaat, wa min sharri fitnatil-myasihid-dajaal».

اَللَّهُمَّ إِنيِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ

وَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقـَبْرِ وَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا

وَ الْمَمَاتِ وَ مِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ .

Translation:

« O Almighty! Verily, I ask You for protection from the torment of Hell, the torment of the afterlife, from the temptations of life and death and from the temptation of the Antichrist».

Step 12

After this, the person praying with the words of greeting “as-salayamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatul-laah” (“peace and blessings of Allah be upon you”) turns his head first to the right side, looking at the shoulder, and then, repeating the words of greeting, to the left. This ends the two rak'ahs of the sunnah prayer.

Step 13

1) “Astagfirullaa, astagfirullaa, astagfirullaa.”

أَسْـتَـغـْفِرُ اللَّه أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّه أَسْـتَـغـْفِرُ اللَّهَ

Translation:

« Forgive me, Lord. Forgive me, Lord. Forgive me, Lord».

2) Raising his hands to chest level, the worshiper says: “ Allahumma ente ssalyayam va minkya ssalyayam, tabaarakte yaa zal-jalyali wal-ikraam. Allahumma a‘innii ‘ala zikrika wa shukrika wa husni ‘ibaadatik».

اَللَّهُمَّ أَنـْتَ السَّلاَمُ وَ مِنْكَ السَّلاَمُ

تَـبَارَكْتَ ياَ ذَا الْجَـلاَلِ وَ الإِكْرَامِ

اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنيِّ عَلىَ ذِكْرِكَ وَ شُكْرِكَ وَ حُسْنِ عِباَدَتـِكَ

Translation:

« O Allah, You are peace and security, and only from You come peace and security. Give us a blessing (that is, accept the prayer we performed). O He Who possesses greatness and generosity, O Allah, help me to remember You worthily, worthily thank You and worship You in the best way».

Then he lowers his hands, running his palms over his face.

It should be noted that during the performance of two rakyaats of the sunnah of morning prayer, all prayer formulas are pronounced silently.

Two rak'ahs fard

Step 1. Iqamat

Step 2. Niyat

Then all the steps described above are performed when explaining the two rakyats of the sunnah.

The exception is that Surah al-Fatiha and the Surah recited after it are recited aloud here. If a person performs prayer alone, he can read it both aloud and silently, but it is better to read it out loud. If he is the imam in prayer, then it is obligatory to read it out loud. The words “a‘uuzu bil-lyahi minash-shaytooni rrajiim. Bismil-lyahi rrahmaani rrahiim” are pronounced silently.

Completion. At the end of the prayer, it is advisable to perform “tasbihat”.

Tasbihat (glorifying the Lord)

The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever, after prayer, says “subhaanal-laah” 33 times, “al-hamdu lil-layah” 33 times and “Allahu akbar” 33 times, which makes the number 99, equal to the number of names of the Lord, and after that he will add to one hundred, saying: “Laya ilyayahe illya llaahu wahdahu la sariikya lyah, lyahul-mulku wa lyahul-hamdu, yukhyi wa yumiitu wa huva 'alaya kulli shayin kadiir”, he will be forgiven [small] errors, even if their number is equal to the amount of sea foam."

Performing “tasbihat” belongs to the category of desirable actions (sunnah).

Tasbihat sequence

1. Read the verse “al-Kursi”:

Transliteration:

« A'uuzu bil-lyahi minash-shaytooni rrajiim. Bismil-lyahi rrahmaani rrahiim. Allahu laya ilyahya illya huwal-hayyul-kayuum, laya ta'huzuhu sinatuv-valya naum, lyahuu maa fis-samaavaati wa maa fil-ard, men zal-lyazi yashfya'u 'indahu illya bi izkh, ya'lamu maa baina aidihim va maa halfakhum wa laya yuhiituune bi sheyim-min 'ilmihi illya bi maa shaa', wasi'a kursiyuhu ssamaavaati val-ard, wa laya yauuduhu hifzukhumaa wa huval-'aliyul-'azim».

أَعوُذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّـيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ . بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ .

اَللَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ الْحَىُّ الْقَيُّومُ لاَ تَـأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَ لاَ نَوْمٌ لَهُ ماَ فِي السَّماَوَاتِ وَ ماَ فِي الأَرْضِ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ ماَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ ماَ خَلْفَهُمْ وَ لاَ يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلاَّ بِماَ شَآءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِـيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الأَرْضَ وَ لاَ يَؤُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ العَظِيمُ

Translation:

“I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed Satan. In the name of God, whose mercy is eternal and limitless. Allah... There is no god but Him, the eternally Living, Existing One. Neither sleep nor slumber will befall him. To Him belongs everything that is in heaven and everything that is on Earth. Who will intercede before Him, except according to His will? He knows what has been and what will be. No one is able to comprehend even a particle of His knowledge, except by His will. Heaven and Earth embrace His Throne , and He does not trouble Him with caring for them. He is the Most High, the Great!” .

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:

« Whoever reads the verse “al-Kursi” after prayer (namaz) will be under the protection of the Lord until the next prayer» ;

« Anyone who reads the verse al-Kursi after prayer, nothing will prevent him [if he suddenly dies unexpectedly] from entering Paradise» .

2. Tasbih.

Then the worshiper, fingering the crooks of his fingers or on his rosary, says 33 times:

"Subhaanal-laah" سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ - “Praise be to Allah”;

"Al-hamdu lil-layah" الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ - “True praise belongs only to Allah”;

"Allaahu Akbar" الله أَكْبَرُ - “Allah is above all.”

After which the following du'a is pronounced:

Transliteration:

« Lya ilyayakhe illa llaahu wahdahu laya shariikya lyah, lyahul-mulku wa lyahul-hamd, yukhyi va yumiitu wa huva ‘alaya kulli shayin kadiir, va ilyaykhil-masyir».

لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ

لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ يُحِْي وَ يُمِيتُ

وَ هُوَ عَلىَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيـرُ

Translation:

« There is no god but One God. He has no partner. All power and praise belong to Him. He gives life and kills. His powers and possibilities are limitless, and to Him return».

Also, after morning and evening prayers, it is advisable to say the following seven times:

Transliteration:

« Allahumma ajirni minan-naar».

اَللَّهُمَّ أَجِرْنِي مِنَ النَّارِ

Translation:

« O Allah, remove me from Hell».

After this, the person praying turns to the Almighty in any language, asking Him for all the best in this and the future worlds for himself, loved ones and all believers.

When to do tasbihat

In accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of the Almighty be upon him), tasbih (tasbihat) can be performed both immediately after the fard, and after the sunnah rakyats performed after the fard rakyats. There is no direct, reliable and unambiguous narrative on this matter, but reliable hadiths describing the actions of the Prophet lead to the following conclusion: “If a person performs sunnah rakyaats in the mosque, then he performs “tasbihat” after them; if it is at home, then “tasbihat” is pronounced after fard rakyaats.”

Shafi'i theologians placed greater emphasis on pronouncing "tasbihat" immediately after fard rak'yats (this is how they observed the division between fard and sunnah rak'ahs, mentioned in the hadith from Mu'awiya), and the scholars of the Hanafi madhhab - after fard ones, if after them the worshiper does not gather immediately perform Sunnah rakyaats, and - after Sunnah rakyaats, if he performs them immediately after fard ones (in the desired order, moving to another place in the prayer hall and, thereby, observing the separation between fard and sunnah rakyaats mentioned in the hadith), which completes the next obligatory prayer

At the same time, it is advisable to do as the imam of the mosque does, in which a person performs the next obligatory prayer. This will promote unity and community among the congregation, and will also be in line with the words of the Prophet Muhammad: “The Imam is present so that [others] will follow him.”

Du'a "Qunut" in morning prayer

Islamic theologians speak out different opinions regarding the recitation of the Qunut du'a in morning prayer.

Theologians of the Shafi'i madhhab and a number of other scholars agree that reading this du'a in morning prayer is a sunnah (desirable action).

Their main argument is considered to be the hadith given in the set of hadiths of Imam al-Hakim that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) after bowing from the waist in the second rak'ah of morning prayer, raised his hands (as is usually done when reading the du'a prayer ), turned to God with a prayer: “Allaahumma-khdinaa fii men hadeit, wa 'aafinaa fii men 'aafeit, wa tawallanaa fii men tawallait...” Imam al-Hakim, citing this hadith, pointed to its authenticity.

Theologians of the Hanafi madhhab and scholars who share their opinion believe that there is no need to read this du‘a during morning prayer. They argue their opinion by the fact that the above hadith has an insufficient degree of reliability: in the chain of people who transmitted it, they named ‘Abdullah ibn Sa’id al-Maqbari, whose words were doubtful by many muhaddith scholars. The Hanafis also mention the words of Ibn Mas'ud that "The Prophet recited the du'a Qunut in morning prayer only for one month, after which he stopped doing so."

Without going into deep canonical details, I note that minor differences in opinions on this issue are not the subject of disputes and disagreements among Islamic theologians, but indicate differences in the criteria laid down by authoritative scholars as the basis for the theological analysis of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (may God bless him and welcomes). Scholars of the Shafi'i school in this issue paid more attention to the maximum application of the Sunnah, and Hanafi theologians paid more attention to the degree of reliability of the hadith cited and the testimony of the companions. Both approaches are valid. We, who respect the authority of great scientists, need to adhere to the opinion of the theologians of the madhhab that we follow in our daily religious practice.

The Shafiites, stipulating the desirability of reading the Qunut du'a in the fard of the morning prayer, do it in the following sequence.

After the worshiper rises from the bow in the second rak’ah, the following du’a is read before bowing to the ground:

Transliteration:

« Allahumma-khdinaa fii-man hadate, va 'aafinaa fii-man 'aafate, va tavallyanaa fii-man tavallayit, va baariq lyanaa fii-maa a'toit, va kynaa sharra maa kadait, fa innakya takdy wa laya yukdoo 'alaik, va innehu laya yazilu man waalait, wa laya ya'izzu man 'aadeit, tabaarakte rabbenee va ta'alait, fa lakal-hamdu 'alaya maa kadait, nastagfirukya va natuubu ilaik. Wa salli, Allahumma ‘alaya sayidinaa Muhammad, an-nabiyil-ummiy, wa ‘alaya elihi wa sahbihi wa sallim».

اَللَّهُمَّ اهْدِناَ فِيمَنْ هَدَيْتَ . وَ عاَفِناَ فِيمَنْ عاَفَيْتَ .

وَ تَوَلَّناَ فِيمَنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ . وَ باَرِكْ لَناَ فِيماَ أَعْطَيْتَ .

وَ قِناَ شَرَّ ماَ قَضَيْتَ . فَإِنـَّكَ تَقْضِي وَ لاَ يُقْضَى عَلَيْكَ .

وَ إِنـَّهُ لاَ يَذِلُّ مَنْ وَالَيْتَ . وَ لاَ يَعِزُّ مَنْ عاَدَيْتَ .

تَباَرَكْتَ رَبَّناَ وَ تَعاَلَيْتَ . فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ عَلىَ ماَ قَضَيْتَ . نَسْتـَغـْفِرُكَ وَنَتـُوبُ إِلَيْكَ .

وَ صَلِّ اَللَّهُمَّ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلنَّبِيِّ الأُمِّيِّ وَ عَلىَ آلِهِ وَ صَحْبِهِ وَ سَلِّمْ .

Translation:

« O Lord! Guide us on the right path among those whom You have directed. Remove us from troubles [misfortunes, illnesses] among those whom You removed from troubles [to whom you gave prosperity, healing]. Place us among those whose affairs are controlled by You, whose protection is in Your control. Give us blessings [barakat] in everything that You have given us. Protect us from the evil that is determined by You. You are the Determiner and no one can rule against You. Verily, the one whom You support will not be despised. And the one to whom You are hostile will not be strong. Great is Your goodness and goodness, You are above all that does not correspond to You. Praise and gratitude to You for everything that is determined by You. We ask You for forgiveness and repent before You. Bless, O Lord, and greet the Prophet Muhammad, his family and his companions».

When reading this prayer-du‘a, the hands are raised to chest level and palms facing the sky. After reading the du'a, the person praying, without rubbing his face with his palms, bows to the ground and completes the prayer in the usual manner.

If the morning prayer is performed as part of a jama‘at community (that is, two or more people participate in it), then the imam reads the du‘a “Qunut” out loud. Those standing behind him say “amin” during each pause of the imam until the words “fa innakya takdy”. Starting with these words, those standing behind the imam do not say “amin”, but pronounce the rest of the du’a behind him silently or say “ashhad” (“ I testify»).

The du'a "Qunut" is also read in the "Vitr" prayer and can be used during any prayer during periods of misfortunes and troubles. There is no significant disagreement regarding the last two provisions among theologians.

Can the sunnah of morning prayer

take place after fard

This kind of case occurs when a person who has gone to the mosque to perform morning prayer, upon entering it, sees that two fard rakyaats have already been fulfilled. What should he do: immediately join everyone, and perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah later, or try to have time to perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah before the imam and those praying behind him complete the fard prayer with a greeting?

Shafi'i scholars believe that a person can join those praying and perform two rak'ahs of fard with them. At the end of the fard, the latecomer performs two rak'ahs of sunnah. The prohibition on performing prayers after the fard of morning prayer and until the sun rises to the height of a spear (20–40 minutes), stipulated in the Sunnah of the Prophet, they apply to all additional prayers, except for those that have a canonical justification (the prayer of greeting the mosque, for example, or restored prayer-duty).

Hanafi theologians consider the prohibition of praying at certain periods of time, specified in the reliable Sunnah of the Prophet, to be absolute. That’s why they say that someone who is late to the mosque for morning prayer first performs two rak’ahs of the sunnah of morning prayer, and then joins those who perform fard. If he does not have time to join the worshipers before the imam pronounces the greeting to the right side, then he makes fard on his own.

Both opinions are substantiated by the reliable Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Applicable in accordance with which madhhab the person praying adheres to.

Midday prayer (Zuhr)

Time completion - from the moment the sun passes its zenith until the shadow of the object becomes longer than itself. It is necessary to take into account that the shadow that the object had when the sun was at its zenith is taken as the reference point.

The midday prayer consists of 6 rak'ahs of sunnah and 4 rak'ahs of fard. The order of their implementation is as follows: 4 rakyaats of sunnah, 4 rakyaats of farda and 2 rakyaats of sunnah.

4 rak'yats of sunnah

Step 2. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform four rak’ahs of the sunnah of the midday prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

The sequence of performing the first two rak'ahs of the sunnah of the Zuhr prayer is similar to the order of performing the two rak'ahs of the Fajr prayer in steps 2-9.

Then, after reading “tashahhud” (without saying “salawat”, as during the Fajr prayer), the worshiper performs the third and fourth rak’ahs, which are similar to the first and second rak’ahs. Between the third and fourth “tashahhud” is not read, since it is pronounced after every two rak’ahs.

When the worshiper rises from the second prostration of the fourth rakyaat, he sits down and reads “tashahhud”.

After reading it, without changing his position, the worshiper says “salavat.”

The further order corresponds to paragraphs. 10–13, given in the description of morning prayer.

This concludes the four rak'ahs of the sunnah.

It should be noted that during the four rakyaats of the sunnah of the midday prayer, all prayer formulas are pronounced silently.

4 rakyaat fard

Step 2. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform four rak’ahs of the fard of midday prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

The four rak'ahs of fard are performed in strict accordance with the order of performing the four rak'ahs of the sunnah described earlier. The only exception is that short surahs or verses after surah “al-Fatiha” in the third and fourth rak’ahs are not read.

2 rak'ahs of sunnah

Step 1. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah of midday prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

After this, the worshiper performs everything in the same sequence, as was described when explaining the two rakyaats of the sunnah of morning prayer (Fajr).

Upon completion of two rak'ahs of the sunnah and thereby the entire midday prayer (Zuhr), continuing to sit, preferably in accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), perform “tasbihat”.

Afternoon prayer (‘Asr)

Time its completion begins from the moment when the shadow of an object becomes longer than itself. It is necessary to take into account that the shadow that was present when the sun was at its zenith is not taken into account. The time for this prayer ends with sunset.

The afternoon prayer consists of four rak'ahs of fard.

4 rakyaat fard

Step 1. Azan.

Step 3. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform four rak'ahs of the fard of the afternoon prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

The sequence of performing the four rak'ahs of the fard of the 'Asr prayer corresponds to the order of performing the four rak'ats of the fard of the midday prayer (Zuhr).

After prayer, it is advisable to perform “tasbihat”, not forgetting its importance.

Evening prayer (Maghreb)

Time begins immediately after sunset and ends with the disappearance of the evening dawn. The time period of this prayer, compared to others, is the shortest. Therefore, you should be especially attentive to the timeliness of its implementation.

Evening prayer consists of three rak'ahs of fard and two rak'ahs of sunnah.

3 rakyaat fard

Step 1. Azan.

Step 2. Iqamat.

Step 3. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform three rak’ahs of the fard of the evening prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

The first two rak'ahs of the fard of the evening Maghrib prayer are performed similarly to the two rak'ats of the fard of the morning prayer (Fajr) in p.p. 2–9.

Then, after reading “tashahhud” (without saying “salawat”), the worshiper rises and reads the third rak’ah in the same way as the second. However, the verse or short surah after al-Fatiha is not read in it.

When the worshiper rises from the second prostration of the third rakyaat, he sits down and reads “tashahhud” again.

Then, after reading “tashahhud,” the worshiper, without changing his position, says “salavat.”

The further procedure for performing the prayer corresponds to the order described in paragraphs. 10-13 morning prayer.

This ends the three rak'ahs of fard. It should be noted that in the first two rakyaats of this prayer, Surah al-Fatihah and the surah read after it are pronounced out loud.

2 rak'ahs of sunnah

Step 1. Niyat(intention): “I intend to perform two rak’ahs of the sunnah of evening prayer, doing it sincerely for the sake of the Almighty.”

These two rak'ahs of the sunnah are read in the same way as the other two rak'ahs of the sunnah of any daily prayer.

After prayer-namaz, it is advisable to perform “tasbihat” in the usual manner, not forgetting its importance.

Having completed the prayer, the person praying can turn to the Almighty in any language, asking Him for all the best in this and the future worlds for himself and all believers.

Night prayer (‘Isha’)

The time of its completion falls on the period after the disappearance of the evening dawn (at the end of the time of evening prayer) and before the beginning of dawn (before the start of morning prayer).

Night prayer consists of four fard rak'yats and two sunnah rak'yats.

4 rakyaat fard

The sequence of performance does not differ from the order of performing four fard rakyaats of daytime or afternoon prayers. The exception is the intention and reading in the first two rak'ahs of the al-Fatiha surah and a short surah out loud, as in morning or evening prayers.

2 rak'ahs of sunnah

The rakyats of the sunnah are performed in the order corresponding to the two rakyats of the sunnah in other prayers, with the exception of the intention.

At the end of the night prayer, it is advisable to perform tasbihat.

And do not forget about the saying of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him): “Whoever, after prayer, says “subhaanal-laah” 33 times, “al-hamdu lil-layah” 33 times and “Allahu akbar” 33 times, which will make the number 99, equal to the number of names of the Lord, and after that he will add to one hundred, saying: “Laya ilyayahe illya llaahu wahdahu la sariikya lyah, lyahul-mulku wa lyahul-hamdu, yukhyi wa yumiitu wa huva 'alaya kulli shayin kadiir,” his mistakes will be forgiven and mistakes, even if their number is equal to the amount of sea foam."

According to Hanafi theologians, four rak'ahs of the Sunnah must be performed in a row in one prayer. They also believe that all four rakyats are obligatory sunnah (sunnah muakkyada). Shafi'i theologians argue that it is necessary to perform two rakyaats, since the first two are considered to be the sunnah of muakkyad, and the next two are considered to be an additional sunnah (sunna gairu muakkyad). See, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. T. 2. P. 1081, 1083, 1057.

Reading the iqama before the fard rakyaats of any of the obligatory prayers is desirable (sunnah).

In the case when the prayer is performed collectively, the imam adds to what has been said that he performs the prayer with the people standing behind him, and they, in turn, must stipulate that they perform the prayer with the imam.

The time for the 'Asr prayer can also be calculated mathematically by dividing the time interval between the beginning of the midday prayer and sunset into seven parts. The first four of them will be the time of midday (Zuhr), and the last three will be the time of afternoon (‘Asr) prayers. This form of calculation is approximate.

Reading the adhan and iqama, for example, at home refers only to desirable actions. For more details, see the separate material on adhan and iqama.

The theologians of the Shafi'i madhhab stipulated the desirability (sunnah) of the short form of "salavat" in this place of prayer: "Allaahumma salli 'alaya Muhammad, 'abdikya wa rasuulik, an-nabiy al-ummiy."

For more details, see, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 11 vol. T. 2. P. 900.

If a man reads a prayer alone, then he can read it both out loud and silently, but it is better to read it out loud. If the person praying plays the role of imam, then it is obligatory to read the prayer out loud. At the same time, the words “Bismillahi Rrahmani Rrahim”, read before Surah al-Fatiha, are pronounced out loud among the Shafiites, and silently among the Hanafis.

Hadith from Abu Hurayrah; St. X. Imam Muslim. See, for example: An-Nawawi Ya. Riyad al-salihin. P. 484, Hadith No. 1418.

All praise belongs to Allah alone, peace and blessings to His servant and messenger Prophet Muhammad, as well as to his family and companions.

And then... This article concludes short description how the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed prayer. I would like every Muslim man and woman to read it, become familiar with exactly how the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) performed namaz and try to imitate him in this, because he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Perform prayer as I perform it before your eyes.” (Bukhari). I provide the reader with a detailed description of the prayer of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

1) The person praying must carefully perform ablution as Allah Almighty ordered:

﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُوا بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ﴾

“O you who believe! When you get up for prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, wipe your heads and wash your feet up to the ankles” (Holy Quran, 5:6). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Namaz without a little ablution (wudu) will not be accepted.” (Muslim). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also said to a person who performed the prayer incorrectly: “Before you stand up for prayer, perform ablution (wudu) thoroughly...” (Bukhari).

2) Wherever the person praying is, he must turn his whole body towards the qibla, that is, towards the Kaaba. In his heart he must have the intention to perform some specific prayer: obligatory or desirable. He should not say his intention out loud, because... It is not reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) or his companions did this. If the worshiper stands as an imam or performs prayer alone, he must place a sutra in front of him (barrier) and perform namaz in front of her (so that she protects him from people who may pass in front of him. - Note per.). Facing the qibla when performing namaz is prerequisite in order for the prayer to be considered correct. The exceptions are some cases described in the books of scholars of Ahl-Sunnah.

3) The person praying says “takbir” - “Allahu Akbar”(Allah is the greatest), directing his gaze to the place of “sajda” (the place on which he will place his forehead when bowing to the ground). After “takbir” he begins to perform namaz.

4) During “takbir,” you should raise your arms to shoulder level or ear level.

5) Then the worshiper places his hands on his chest: the right hand on top of the left. It is reliably known that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did just that.

6) It is advisable to say “dua istiftah”, which is read at the beginning of the prayer:

اللهم باعد بيني وبين خطاياي كما باعدت بين المشرق والمغرب ، اللهم نقني من خطاياي كما ينقى الثوب الأبيض من الدنس، اللهم اغسلني من خطاياي بالماء والثلج والبرد

“O Allah, remove me from my sins, as You removed the east from the west, O Allah, cleanse me from my sins, as they cleanse white clothes from dirt, O Allah, wash me from my sins with water, snow and hail.”

Allahumma ba'id bayni wa bayna hataya-ya kya-ma ba'adta bayna l-mashriqi wa-l-maghrib. Allahumma nakky-ni min hataya-ya kya-ma yunakka s-saubu l-abyadu min ad-danas. Allahumma gsil-ni min hataya-ya bi-l-ma'i wa-s-salji wa-l-barad

سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك وتبارك اسمك وتعالى جدك ولا الله غيرك

“Glory to You, O Allah, and praise to You, blessed is Your name, above all is Your greatness, and there is no God worthy of worship except You.”

Subhana-ka Llahumma wa bi-hamdi-ka wa tabaraka smu-ka wa ta'ala jaddu-ka wa la ilaha gairuk.

The person praying can also say any other “dua istiftah” reliably transmitted from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). It is better if the worshiper says different duas from time to time in order to put the Sunnah into practice. After “dua istiftah” the performer of prayer says: “I take refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan. In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful", - and reads Surah “Fatiha”. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The prayer of one who does not recite Surah Fatihah is not valid.” . After reading Surah “Fatiha”, the worshiper says out loud the word “ Amen”, if he performs a prayer that is read aloud (subh (fajr), maghrib, isha prayers are read aloud, and zuhr and asr - silently. - Note transl.). After Fatiha, he can read whatever he wants from the Koran.

7) Then the worshiper says takbir again “Allahu Akbar” and makes a bow (hand). When pronouncing the words takbir “Allahu Akbar” You should raise your hands to the level of your shoulders or earlobes. In the arm position, the worshiper should place his hands on his knees, fingers spread out, and keep his head level with a straight back. He should stand quietly in the ruku position (before making the next movement) and say:

سبحان ربي العظيم

“Glory to my Great Lord”

Subhana Rabbiya l-‘Azym!

It is better if he says these words three times or more. It is also advisable to say at the same time:

“Glory to You, O Allah, our Lord, and praise to You, O Allah, forgive me.”

8) Then he straightens up after bowing from the waist (arm), raising his hands to the level of his shoulders or ears and saying the following words:

سمع الله لمن حمده

“Allah hears the one who praises Him”

Sami'a Allahu li-man hamida-kh.

He says these words out loud if he is the imam in prayer (i.e. leads the prayer. - Note per.) or if he performs prayer alone. After the worshiper straightens his back from the waist bow position, he says:

ربنا ولك الحمد حمدا كثيرا طيبا مباركا فيه

“Our Lord, to You belongs all praise, abundant praise, good and blessed.”

Rabba-na wa la-ka l-hamd, hamdan kasiran tayyiban mubarakan fih!

ملء السموات وملء الأرض وملء ما بينهما وملء ما شئت من شيء بعد

“Praise that fills the heavens, the earth, everything in between, and whatever else You please.”

Mil'a s-samavati wa mil'a l-ardy wa ma baina-huma wa mil'a ma shi'ta min shai'in ba'd.

If a person performs prayer behind the imam, then he says while raising his hand from the position:

ربنا ولك الحمد

“Our Lord, all praise belongs to You”

Rabba-na wa la-ka l-hamd.

and can read the above dua to the end. It is also advisable to place your hands on your chest in the position in which they were before the person praying made the hand, as indicated by the hadiths from Wail ibn Hujr and Sahl bin Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with them), reliably transmitted from Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

9) Next, the worshiper lowers himself to “sajda” (prostration), pronouncing takbir ( “Allahu Akbar”). If it’s not difficult for him, then first he puts his knees on the ground, and then his hands. If it is difficult to lower yourself like this, he can first put his hands on the floor and then his knees. In this case, the fingers and toes should be facing the qibla, and the fingers should be collected (not spread). When performing “sajda,” seven parts of the body must touch the ground: the forehead along with the nose, the palms of both hands, the knees and the balls of the toes. In this position the worshiper says:

سبحان ربي الأعلى

“Glory to my Supreme Lord!”

Subhana Rabbiya l-A'lya! - and repeats this three times or more.

It is also advisable to say:

سبحانك اللهم ربنا وبحمدك ، اللهم اغفر لي

“Glory to You, O Allah, our Lord, praise to You, O Allah, forgive me.”

Subhana-ka Llahumma Rabba-na wa bi-hamdik! Allahumma gfir li.

In the “sajda” position, you should try to make as many duas (supplications) as possible, because The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Exalt your Lord when making a bow (ruku), and when making a prostration (sajda), be zealous in your prayers (dua). Then you will be honored to have an answer given to you (to your duas).”(Muslim).

In the position of “sajda”, the worshiper can make any dua, asking Allah for the best in both worlds, and it does not matter whether he performs the obligatory (fard) or the desirable (nafil) prayer. While in the soot position, you need to make sure that your forearms are not pressed to your sides, your stomach is not pressed against the front of your thighs, and also that they are not pressed against each other internal sides thighs and lower legs. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Straighten (your backs) while prostrating (sajda) (prostrate (sajda) correctly) and do not place your elbows on the ground like a dog does.”(Bukhari, Muslim).

10) Next he says “Allahu Akbar”, raising his head, and then sits on his left leg, spreading it out (so that it is comfortable to sit on - Note per.). He leaves the foot of his right foot in a vertical position (continuing to touch the ground with the balls of your toes. - Note per.). With his hands on his hips or knees, the worshiper says:

رب اغفر لي وارحمني واهدني وارزقني وعافني واجبرني

“My Lord, forgive me, have mercy, lead me on the right path, grant me from Your inheritance, heal and help me.”

Rabbi gfir li va-rham-ni va-khdi-ni va-rzuk-ni va ‘afi-ni va-jbur-ni.

In this position, he should straighten his back and sit quietly (before making the next movement in prayer).

Then he makes a second prostration, while saying the words “Allahu Akbar”. The worshiper performs the second “soot” in exactly the same way as the first. (says the dua “sajda” and makes any dua to Allah. - Note per.).

12) After this, the worshiper raises his head from the prostration (sajda) and stands up to perform the second rak'ah. Before rising to perform the second rak'ah, the worshiper sits a little like he sat between two "sajdas", but without making any dua or dhikr. This action is desirable, and there is no problem if the person praying does not do this. If it is not difficult for the person praying, then when he rises, he rests his hands on his knees. If it is difficult to rise like this, he can lean on the ground. After the worshiper has stood for the second rak'ah, he reads Surah Fatiha, and after it, whatever he wishes from the Koran. In the second rakyat he does everything the same as in the first.

13) If the worshiper performs a prayer consisting of two rak'ahs, such as morning (Fajr), Friday or holiday prayers, then after raising his head from the second “sajd”, he leaves the foot of his right foot in a vertical position and his left leg in a spread position . He places his right hand on his right thigh. The worshiper gathers the fingers of his right hand into a fist, with the exception of the index finger, which he extends (in the direction of Qibla. - Note per.). This position of the index finger is an indication of monotheism (tawhid). The worshiper can also gather his little and ring fingers, close his middle finger with his thumb, and extend his index finger.

It is reliably reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used both of these types of closing fingers during “tashahud”, therefore better time alternate them from time to time (i.e., sometimes to collect the fingers during tashahhud according to the first pattern, and sometimes according to the second, in order to bring all the sunnahs to life. - Note. transl.). Left hand he places it on the hip or knee. Then, in this position, the worshiper reads the dua “tashahuda”:

التحيات لله والصلوات والطيبات ، السلام عليك أيها النبي ورحمة الله وبركاته السلام علينا وعلى عباد الله الصالحين أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمدا عبده ورسوله

“Greetings to Allah, and prayers and best words, peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings, peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger.”

At-tahiyyatu li-Llyahi wa-s-salavatu wa-t-tayyibat; as-salamu ‘alay-ka ayyu-ha n-nabiyyu wa rahmatu Llahi wa barakatukh; as-salamu ‘alai-na wa ‘ala ‘ibadhi Llahi s-salihin. Ashhadu alla ilaha illya Allahu wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abdu-hu wa rasulyukh.

After this he says:

اللهم صل على محمد وعلى آل محمد كما صليت على إبراهيم وآل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد ، وبارك على محمد وعلى آل محمد كما باركت على إبراهيم وآل إبراهيم إنك حميد مجيد

“O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim, truly You are Praiseworthy, Glorious! O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim, verily You are Praiseworthy, Glorious!”

Allahumma salli ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammadin kya-ma sallayta ‘ala Ibrahima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahima inna-ka Hamidun Majid. Allahumma barik 'ala Muhammadin wa 'ala ali Muhammadin kya-ma barakta 'ala Ibrahima wa 'ala ali Ibrahima inna-ka Hamidun Majid.

The worshiper then seeks Allah's protection from the four calamities by saying the following words:

اللهم إني أعوذ بك من عذاب جهنم ومن عذاب القبر ومن فتنة المحيا والممات ومن فتنة المسيح الدجال

“O Allah, verily, I resort to You from the torments of hell and from the torments of the grave, from the temptations of life and death and from the evil temptation of the False Messiah (al-Masih ad-Dajjal)!”

Allahumma in-ni a'uzu bi-ka min 'azabi jahannama wa min 'azabi l-kabri wa min fitnati l-mahya wa-l-mamati wa min sharri fitnati l-masihi d-dajjal.

Regardless of whether the person praying performs the obligatory or desirable prayer, after reading the “dua tashahuda” he can make any dua, asking Allah for the good of this and Eternal life, and can also make dua for his parents or any other Muslim. The evidence for this is the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), which he said to Ibn Masud during his training in “tashahud”: “Then he can make any dua he likes.” (Nasai, Abu Dawud). Another version of this hadith says: “Then he can make dua, asking Allah for whatever he wants.” (Muslim). This includes any dua regarding what can benefit the slave both in this life and in the Hereafter. Then the worshiper says words of greeting “As-Salamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh”(peace be upon you, the mercy of Allah and His blessings), turning your head first to the right and then to the left.

14) If the worshiper performs a prayer consisting of three rak’ahs (“maghrib” - evening prayer) or four rak’ahs (“zuhr” - midday, “asr” - afternoon, or “isha” - night prayer), then he reads the above-mentioned dua “ tashahuda” and the words “salawata” (prayers for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)), and then stands, leaning on his knees, and raises his hands to shoulder level, while saying: “Allahu Akbar”(Allah is the greatest).

Having risen, he puts his hands on his chest, as described above, and reads only Surah Fatiha. Sometimes the worshiper can also read some other surah after Fatiha in the third and fourth rak'ahs in the midday prayer (zuhr). The permissibility of this is reliably known from the hadith transmitted by Abu Saad (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

Saying the words “salavat” (dua for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is not obligatory in the first “tashahhud”, so the person praying may not say them. But this is a desirable action.

Next, the worshiper finishes the prayer, be it Maghrib, consisting of three rak'ahs, or Zuhr, Asr, Isha, consisting of four rak'ahs, just as he finished Fajr, consisting of two rak'ahs. He reads the same dua after “tashahhud”, which were described above, after which he says the words of greeting, turning his face to the right, and then to left side. At the end of the prayer, the worshiper pronounces the words “Istighfara” three times: “Astagfirullah”(I ask Allah for forgiveness) and then says:

اللهم أنت السلام ومنك السلام تباركت يا ذا الجلال والإكرام

“O Allah, You are Peace (“Salam” is one of the names of Allah, indicating the absence of any shortcomings in Him), and from You comes peace (i.e. You deliver from any troubles), blessed are You, O Possessor of Greatness and Honored One!”

“Allahumma, Anta-s-salamu wa min-kya-s-salamu, tabarakta, ya Za-l-jalali wa-l-ikram!”

لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له ، له الملك وله الحمد وهو على كل شيء قدير ، لا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله ، اللهم لا مانع لما أعطيت ولا معطي لما منعت ولا ينفع ذا الجد منك الجد ، لا إله إلا الله ولا نعبد إلا إياه له النعمة وله الفضل وله الثناء الحسن ، لا إله إلا الله مخلصين له الدين ولو كره الكافرون

“There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, Who has no partner. Dominion belongs to Him, praise belongs to Him, He can do everything! There is no power or strength except Allah. O Allah, no one will deprive what You have given, and no one will give what You have deprived, and the power of the one who has the power will be useless before You. There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, we do not worship anyone except Allah! Beneficence, dignity and the best praise belong only to Him! There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah. We dedicate our religion completely to Him alone, even if the infidels do not like it.”

“La ilaha illa Allahu wahda-hu la sharika la-hu, la-hu-l-mulku, wa la-hu-l-hamdu wa hua ‘ala kulli shayin qadi-r! La hawla wa la quwwata illya bi-Llyah. Allahumma, la mani'a li-ma a'taita, wa la mu'tiya li-ma mana'-ta wa la yan-fa'u za-l-jaddi min-kya-l-jadd. La ilaha illa Allahu wa la na’budu illa iyah! La-hu-n-ni'matu, wa la-hu-l-fadlu wa la-hu-s-sanau-l-hasan! La ilaha illa Allahu mukhlisina la-hu-d-dina wa lyau karikha-l-kafirun.”

Then he says words of praise to Allah - “Subhanallah”(Allah is exalted from all shortcomings) “Alhamdulillah”(All praise belongs to Allah alone) “Allahu Akbar”(Allah the Greatest) thirty-three times and completes these dhikrs by saying the dua for the hundredth time:

لا الله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له له الملك وله الحمد وهو على كل شيء قدير

“There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, who has no partner. Dominion belongs to Him. Praise be to Him, He can do anything!”

“La ilaha illa Allahu wahda-hu la sharika la-hu, la-hu-l-mulku wa la-hu-l-hamdu wa hua ‘ala kulli shayin kadir!”

After this, the person who performed the prayer reads the verse “al-Kursi”, as well as the surahs “Ikhlas”, “Falyak” and “Nas”. After the morning (Fajr) and evening (Maghrib) prayers, it is advisable to read these three surahs three times each, as described in some hadiths of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).

Pronouncing all these dhikrs is a desirable act, not obligatory. It is also desirable for every Muslim man and woman to perform voluntary prayers: four rak’ahs before the midday prayer (zuhr) and two rak’ahs after the “zuhr”; two rak'ahs after evening prayer (Maghrib); two rak'ahs after the night prayer (Isha) and two rak'ahs before the morning prayer (Fajr).

A total of twelve rakyats of voluntary prayers. These voluntary prayers are called “rawatib” (established), because The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) always tried to perform them when he was not traveling.

While traveling, he did not perform these additional prayers, with the exception of sunnah (additional prayer) before Fajr and Witr prayer (odd additional prayer performed at night). He always tried to perform these two additional prayers, even while traveling. All these additional prayers, including witr, can be performed in the mosque, but it is better to do them at home. Because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The best prayer is the one that a person performs at home. The exception is obligatory prayers.” (Bukhari, Muslim).

A person’s constant performance of these additional prayers is one of the reasons for his entry into Paradise. This is indicated by the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): “Allah will build a house in Paradise for the one who performs twelve additional rak’ahs during the day and night.”(Muslim).

If a person performs four rak'ahs before Asr or two rak'ahs before Maghrib and Isha, then this is also good, because it is reliably reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he performed them. It is also good if a person performs four rak'ahs before and after Dhuhr, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Allah will forbid the Fire (Hell) to touch a person who carefully performed four rak’ahs before and after Dhuhr.” (This hadith is narrated by Imam Ahmad, with an authentic chain of narrations from Umm Habiba, may Allah be pleased with her).

The meaning of the hadith is that this person performed four additional rak'ahs after Dhuhr - this is more than the usual established two rak'ahs. Because the sunnah is to perform four rak'ahs before zuhr and two after. If a person prays after Zuhr not two, but four rak’ahs, he will receive the reward that is mentioned in the hadith of Umm Habiba (may Allah be pleased with her).

Success belongs to Allah alone, peace and blessings to our Prophet Muhammad ibn Abdullah, his family, companions and all those who followed him in the best way until the Day of Judgment.

Sheikh Abdul Aziz ibn Baz (may Allah have mercy on him)