Childhood of Natasha Koroleva
Natasha Poryvay, who was born in Kyiv, grew up in a creative family: the girl’s father was a choirmaster, and her mother, Honored Artist of Ukraine Lyudmila Poryvay, conducted the Svetoch choir. My 5-year-older sister, Irina, was a musically gifted child and subsequently performed solo under the pseudonym Rusya. It is not surprising that already at the age of 3 Natasha Poryvay made her debut on stage together with the Big Choir of Radio and Television of Ukraine, performing the song “Cruiser Aurora”. 
At the age of 7, the girl was enrolled in a music school for piano class and, at the same time, in the choreographic studio named after Grigory Verevka. An important event What predetermined the baby’s fate was her acquaintance with the composer Vladimir Bystryakov, who took the gifted Natasha under his wing. At the age of 12, she began performing with his songs (“Where did the circus go”, “World of miracles”), thanks to which she quickly became the star of all city holidays: children's matinees, government congresses, New Year's lights, city days - every event was accompanied by the clear voice of Natasha Poryvay . In 1987, the girl became a diploma winner of the Golden Tuning Fork folk music competition.
In the same year, Natasha made her first appearance on television, in the “Wider Circle” program (a kind of prototype of the “Minute of Fame” show), which gave a ticket to fame to many aspiring performers: Dmitry Malikov, Leonid Agutin, the group “Secret”... But for real significant event for the young singer it was a performance at a vocal competition in Evpatoria. She did not take any prizes, but attracted the attention of Elvira, the assistant of the famous Moscow television producer Marta Mogilevskaya. Natasha gave the woman a cassette with her own material, not knowing that this act would later play a huge role in her life.
Natasha Koroleva in the program “Wider Circle” (1986)
Some time passed, but no news came from Moscow, and Natasha continued to build a career in her native Ukraine, entering the Kiev Variety and Circus School to major in “Variety Vocals.” In the summer of 1989, she went on tour to the States.
The vocal girl produced strong impression to American vocal teachers who invited her to become a student at the Eastman School of Music at the prestigious University of Rochester. But Natasha, who by that time had been contacted by representatives of Martha Mogilevskaya, rejected this tempting offer and set off to conquer Moscow.
Casting Natasha Koroleva
The heyday of Natasha Koroleva’s career. "Dolphin and the Mermaid"
In the fall of 1989, Marta Mogilevskaya advised Igor Nikolaev, Alla Pugacheva’s former arranger and an aspiring singer who was in a creative stupor, to find a suitable girl to record together. The choice fell on Natasha for two reasons: firstly, her vocal abilities were an order of magnitude higher than those of the other contenders, and secondly, the short girl looked ideal next to the 172-centimeter singer. 
At the first meeting, Igor was quite skeptical about this idea: the 16-year-old plump “Khokhlushka” did not look like a spectacular pop diva, and besides, she was embarrassed by the singer, who seemed to her like a king and a god of music. However, after listening, he was pleasantly surprised and soon wrote the song “Yellow Tulips” for the young protégé, which became the title track of the album of the same name, released in 1990. On the cover of the record there was an inscription: “Natasha Koroleva sings the songs of Igor Nikolaev.”
Natasha Poryvai turned into Koroleva in a completely natural way: the pseudonym was invented by Nikolaev, who was sure that the audience would not be able to remember the surname “Poryvai”, and it sounds somehow plebeian, another thing is the proud, impressive “Koroleva”.
After the release of the album, Natasha Koroleva’s popularity began to literally go off scale. “Yellow Tulips” brought the girl to the final of the main event music competition countries - “Songs of the Year”. The stadiums and concert venues were overcrowded, fans brought armfuls of yellow tulips to their favorite artist, and when Natasha, who had broken her leg, took a short time out, admirers of her work asked to carry the plastered girl onto the stage.
“Song of the Year 1990”: Natasha Koroleva – “Yellow Tulips”
In 1991, Natasha Koroleva graduated from the Variety and Circus School. In 1992, the album “Dolphin and the Mermaid” was released, and the creative tandem of Igor and Natasha went on a grandiose tour of the cities of Russia with the program of the same name, which over the next three years conquered not only the remote corners of our homeland, but also big cities USA, Israel and Germany.
In 1994, the singer released a solo album called “Fan” (the music and lyrics were still the credit of Igor Nikolaev). However, she had to win the trust of listeners who did not want to believe in the end of “The Dolphin and the Mermaid” and recognize Natasha as an independent creative unit. Thanks to long hard work, the singer was able to regain the public's favor. For example, in the spring of 1995, she held three charity concerts in the Far East as a show of support for victims of the devastating earthquake on Sakhalin.
In 1995, Koroleva’s second exclusively solo album, “Confetti,” was released, consisting of eleven songs. Among them was the composition “Little Country,” which soon conquered federal television and radio airwaves, turning into an immortal hit for children and adults who continue to believe in the fairy tale.
Natasha Koroleva: “I’m a random person in show business”
At this time, Natasha Koroleva made her debut as an actress in the musical “Old Songs about the Main Thing,” where she played the daughter of the chairman and, together with Lada Dance and Alena Apina, sang the song “Someone Came Down the Hill.” Over time, she appeared in the next three parts of the musical film: in the second she parodied the image of the heroine Svetlana Svetlichnaya from “The Diamond Arm”, in the third she sang a duet with Chris Norman, and in the final one with Alexander Tsekalo.
In 1997, Natasha was cast in the role of Malvina in the musical “The Newest Adventures of Pinocchio” (it is noteworthy that Pinocchio himself was played by Kristina Orbakaite). In between filming, Natalya worked on new material, and in December of the same year, Koroleva’s fans greeted her new album, “Diamonds of Tears,” with jubilation. Many listeners noted that Natasha had changed both externally and spiritually - from the cover it was no longer a girl who looked slyly at the buyers, but a fully formed lady. The lyrics have also become more mature: the “small country” has been replaced by “a girl dreaming of big love.”
WITH new program she went on a world tour, during which she was applauded by the audiences of London, New York, Berlin and Athens, and in 1999 she went on tour again with Igor Nikolaev and the concert program “The Dearest”.
In 2000, the Queen thought about specialized education and entered the acting department of GITIS, which she graduated from three years later.
New work by Natasha Koroleva
In 2000, the union of Natasha Koroleva and Igor Nikolaev broke up both creatively and personally. The singer lost the support of her loved one and the help of a talented composer. The album “Heart”, released shortly after the breakup, did without Nikolaev’s participation. Natalya was helped by composer Alexander Konovalov and songwriter Vladimir Vulykh - they wrote the iconic composition “It Was or Wasn’t.” 
In 2002, the singer released a collection of her best hits entitled “Shards of the Past.” It included 14 of Koroleva’s hits, as well as a new song “A Little Bit Doesn’t Count.” “What has become of me now? But life goes on,” was heard from every radio in the country.
Natasha Koroleva – “A little bit doesn’t count”
Natasha Koroleva's next album was recorded together with her new chosen one Sergei Glushko, also known under the pseudonym Tarzan. The record was called "Believe it or not." Three years later, the couple presented another joint work called “Heaven Is Where You Are.” The album of the same name was released with the support of the Dream Crystal jewelry house, whose face Natasha has been since August 2006.
In 2008, Natasha was invited to the show “Dancing with the Stars,” pairing the singer with choreographer Evgeniy Papunaishvili. Behind short term The queen had to learn many complex dance steps, but her efforts were rewarded only with third place.
“Dancing with the Stars”: Natasha Koroleva and Evgeniy Papunaishvili
And the next year, Natasha presented her writing debut, a largely autobiographical novel, “Male Striptease.” The singer’s experiments did not stop there: she soon became the owner of a beauty salon, which was called “Natasha Koroleva’s Beauty Salon.”
In the summer of 2010, the singer, together with Oleg Gazmanov, went to a festival of Russian culture in Germany. All proceeds from the sale of tickets to the star's concert were transferred to charitable foundation Red Cross. In November 2013, the star announced the termination of touring activities.
From 2012 to 2014, Natasha, together with her mother, Lyudmila Poryvai, hosted the program “Time for Lunch” on Channel One. The show compared home and restaurant kitchens - ordinary housewives challenged professional chefs.
Personal life of Natasha Koroleva: between a dolphin and a stripper
It cannot be said that the so-called “natural chemistry” was discovered at first glance between Natasha Koroleva and Igor Nikolaev. However, while working on the “Dolphin and Mermaid” program, the man fell in love with the girl, which grew stronger every day, turning into something more intimate, inspiring him to create melodic, slightly sad ballads. 
Natasha’s acquaintances noticed that she, although she desperately denied it, also fell in love with Nikolaev: with open mouth I caught his every word, copied his gestures and manner of speech. They began to live together, but Natasha, brought up in strictness, immediately confronted the singer with a fact: no civil marriage, only legalized relationships: “I had very strict rules and believed that everything should only happen after the wedding. True, now I have changed my mind - I think that you should first check your partner, and then marry him... When I realized that Igor’s courtship was going too far, I said: “Either officially, or not at all.” He had to think..."
Still, the musician did not want the relationship to be made public, so Natasha had to take everything into her own hands and make a cunning knight move. She and her parents came home to Nikolaev and invited the registry office employees there - no feasts, magnificent dresses and rings, only stamps in the passport.
In 2000, Natasha Koroleva left her husband. According to the singer, the reason for this was Nikolaev’s constant betrayal. Although the separation occurred without scandals and scenes of jealousy, both took this break very hard.
In an attempt to distract herself from the oppressive wound in her heart, Natasha plunged headlong into work. For one of the performances, she invited a group of dancers of the “original genre”, in other words, strippers. Among them was the blond, broad-shouldered handsome Tarzan, who was to discuss with Natasha the details of future payment.
Arkhip, the first-born of Natasha and Tarzan, was born in February 2002, and in August 2003 the lovers officially got married. This time everything was for real: the bride dressed in White dress, noisy company the guests were driven along the Neva by a motor ship, doves were released into the sky, and Natasha's unmarried friends caught the bride's lush bouquet.
The public received the news ambiguously. Not everyone was able to rejoice at Natasha’s happiness, reproaching her for “the broken heart of the maestro [Igor Nikolaev].” Tarzan himself commented on the situation like this: “I didn’t take Natasha away from him. When we started our relationship, she had already been living separately for a year, he had his own life. How to creative person, I have a very good attitude towards him, I like his songs.”
In 2008, Igor Nikolaev, who had ignored everything for several years creative success girls and called his former protégé exclusively by real name, took the first step towards reconciliation with his ex-lover. Natasha accepted the apology, and since then the former partners began to communicate as close friends.
Through a short time they again appeared on stage together to delight their loyal fans with an original performance of “The Dolphin and the Mermaid”; Nikolaev also wrote a new song for Natasha (“Dream Crystal”).
Natasha Koroleva and Alexander Marshal - “I am defamed by you”
Soviet scientist, designer of rocket and space systems, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1961). Founder of practical astronautics.
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev was born on January 12, 1907 in the city of Zhitomir (now in Ukraine) in the family of Russian literature teacher Pavel Yakovlevich Korolev (1877-1929). He was about three years old when his parents divorced.
In 1915, S.P. Korolev entered the preparatory classes of the gymnasium in Kyiv, and in 1917 he went to the first grade of the gymnasium in Odessa. After the closure of the gymnasium, he studied at the Construction Vocational School, from which he graduated in 1924, receiving the specialty of a tile builder.
In 1924-1927, S.P. Korolev studied at the aeromechanical department of the Moscow Higher Technical University. , in 1927 he began working at the factories of the All-Union Aviation Association. In 1929, he graduated from the Moscow Higher Technical School, defending his graduation project for the light-engine aircraft SK-4 under the guidance of aircraft designer A. N. Tupolev. In 1930, S.P. Korolev graduated from the Moscow Pilot School. From June 1930 he was a senior engineer at TsAGI. He developed a number of designs for successfully flown gliders.
Rocket and space systems, the development of which was headed by S.P. Korolev, made it possible for the first time in the world to launch artificial satellites of the Earth and the Sun, fly automatic interplanetary stations to the Moon, Venus and Mars, and make a soft landing on the surface of the Moon. Under his leadership, artificial Earth satellites of the Electron and Molniya-1 series, many satellites of the Cosmos series, and the first copies of interplanetary reconnaissance aircraft of the Zond series were created. S.P. Korolev trained many talented scientists and engineers.
S.P. Korolev was twice awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1961), awarded three orders, the Order of the Badge of Honor. In 1957 he became a Lenin Prize laureate.
S.P. Korolev died on January 14, 1966 as a result of an unsuccessful operation. His ashes are buried in the Kremlin wall behind the Mausoleum on Red Square.
In the history of space exploration, the name of S.P. Korolev is associated with the era of the first remarkable achievements. The outstanding organizational skills and talent of a great scientist allowed him to direct the work of many research and design teams to solve large complex problems for a number of years. The scientific and technical ideas of S.P. Korolev have been widely used in rocket and space technology. He was the generator of many extraordinary ideas and the progenitor of outstanding design teams working in the field of rocket and space technology; his contribution to the development of domestic and world manned astronautics is decisive. He is a pioneer in many main directions of development of domestic missile weapons and rocket and space technology.
The name of S.P. Korolev, as one of the founders of practical cosmonautics, was given to the largest formation (thalassoid) on back side Moons.
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev is an academician whose name is known, as a rule, to all educated people on the planet. What is the reason for such popularity? What did this undoubtedly talented man manage to create that stories about him have been retold for several decades?
Like all Soviet scientists, he made a significant contribution to the development of world science. But that's not all. He was the first. The first who managed to conquer outer space. Of course, after him there were and will be the most talented specialists who dedicated and are devoting their work to the exploration of the galaxy. But it is Sergei Pavlovich Korolev who is considered a pioneer.
In fact, you can talk about this person endlessly, each time being surprised by his talent, perseverance and determination.
Section 1. Childhood and adolescence
Sergei Korolev, whose biography is quite rich, was born in the Ukrainian city of Zhitomir on January 12, 1907. His parents separated early, the boy did not remember his own father at all, as he was brought up in his mother’s family in the city of Nizhyn. It was there in 1911 that Sergei saw the pilot Utochkin flying in an airplane. To say that this event simply impressed him is to say nothing. The teenager was indescribably delighted.
In 1917, Korolev and his mother moved to Odessa to live with his stepfather. A detachment of seaplanes was then located in South Palmyra. And pure chance brought the teenager together with mechanic V. Dolganov, who subsequently began to teach him all the intricacies. The boy spent the whole summer with the crew, helping prepare the planes for flight, and in a very short time he was able to become an indispensable and trouble-free assistant to local mechanics and pilots.
Sergei Korolev was unable to immediately obtain a certificate of general secondary education; as a result, he graduated from a two-year construction school, where he studied very diligently. Throughout his studies, Korolev continued to participate in the life of the hydroaviation detachment. And the guy’s reputation as a brilliant mechanic was firmly established.
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev was a member of the Aviation Society of Ukraine, gave lectures on gliding, and took part in the construction of a glider designed by the famous pilot K. A. Artseulov. After a while, he entered the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, where he was considered one of the most educated fur students. faculty.
In 1926, after two years of study in Kyiv, the talented young man transferred to Moscow to major in aeromechanics (MVTU). In March 1927, Korolev graduated from gliding school with honors.
Section 2. Arrest and work for the KGB
In his autobiography, the chief designer recalled that he was arrested very unexpectedly (it happened on June 27, 1938) on charges of sabotage. Like many famous people at that time, he was subjected to torture. There is also evidence that both jaws were broken.
On September 25, 1938, the scientist was included in the list of special persons whose cases were considered by the Military Collegium Supreme Court THE USSR. In that list he was listed in the first (execution) category. But the court on September 27, 1938 sentenced him to only 10 years in labor camp. A few years later, the term was reduced, and he was released in 1944. During this time, Sergei went through Butyrka in Moscow, a prison in Novocherkassk and Kolyma, where he was engaged in “general work” at a gold mine.
The future chief designer returned to Moscow on March 2, 1940, where just 4 months later he was convicted a second time. In the NKVD prison TsKB-29, he participated in the construction of Pe-2 and Tu-2 bombers. Such talents were the reason for Korolev’s transfer to another design bureau at aircraft plant No. 16 in Kazan. In 1943 he was appointed to a responsible position in production rocket launchers. In July 1944, the scientist was released early on the personal orders of I.V. Stalin.
Section 3. Sergei Korolev - academician. Scientific works
Achievements in the field deserve special attention. So, this talented Soviet specialist took part in the following projects aimed at:
- Development In 1956, under his strict leadership, a two-stage ballistic missile R-7 was created, its modification was in service with the USSR Strategic Missile Forces. In 1957, he created the first rockets powered by stable fuel components.
- Creation of the first artificial satellite of our planet. S.P. Korolev developed it on the basis of a combat rocket with a three- and four-stage carrier. As a result, this one was launched on October 4, 1957.
- Construction of various satellites and launching vehicles to the Moon. Among other things, he managed to develop a geophysical satellite, paired Electron satellites and automatic stations to the Moon.
- The assembly of the Vostok-1 manned spacecraft, which made possible the world's first human flight - Yu. A. Gagarin - in low-Earth orbit. For this, the Queen was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for the second time.
Section 4. Love and space of a scientist
Korolev’s first kiss with the girl of his dreams, oddly enough, happened on the roof. He lived in Odessa and fell in love with Ksenia Vincentini, sought her favor for a long time, and only before leaving for the Kiev Polytechnic Institute did he propose to her. Ksenia replied that she would wait until Sergei finished his studies. It so happened that she studied to become a doctor in Kharkov, and he studied in Kyiv, and then in Moscow. Korolev constantly tried to get Ksenia’s consent to the marriage; she resisted for several more years, but in the end she became his wife, and Sergei took his beloved to Moscow.
However, unfortunately, soon after this, Korolev quickly loses interest in his wife and becomes interested in other women. As a result, such adventures of the husband brought the woman to this point and she decides to leave him. Their daughter Natasha found out about her father’s “infidelities” at the age of 12, and as a result, the rift between daughter and father remained for the rest of his life.
It turns out that the famous Academician Korolev was never able to become loving and caring husband and father.
Section 5. Exhausting inner loneliness
His second wife, Nina, had no easier time with his adventures. Sergei Pavlovich continued to disappear on endless business trips, suffering from loneliness.
He often turns to his wife for advice, writes letters to her, talks about his difficulties and experiences, eternal problems in his soul and But soon she begins to get tired of his eternal torment and confessions, she stops responding to them, and he feels even more lonely.
Section 6: Medical History and Death
Everything happened too suddenly. A man lived, worked for the good of his Motherland, glorified his country, when suddenly he was gone. There were no solemn speeches, no magnificent funerals, or even articles on the topic “S.P. Korolev, a world-famous academician, has passed away.”
Citizens of the USSR learned about what happened from the press. On January 16, 1966, a medical report on the cause of Korolev’s death was published in the Pravda newspaper. It turned out that he for a long time was sick, and several pestered him at once serious illnesses: sarcoma of the rectum, sclerosis of the arteries of the brain and Just on this day, Sergei Pavlovich underwent surgery to remove the tumor, but he died due to heart failure right on the operating table, without regaining consciousness.
Korolev Sergey Pavlovich (1907-1966) – the largest Soviet design engineer in the field of space shipbuilding, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, scientist. He was involved in practical astronautics, developed, tested and implemented rocket and space technology and missile weapons in the USSR, was the initiator and leader of the launch of man into space and the first artificial Earth satellite. Hero of Socialist Labor (twice), Lenin Prize laureate.
Childhood
Seryozha was born on January 12, 1907 in Zhitomir (then the town belonged to Russian Empire, now it is Ukraine).
His father, Pavel Yakovlevich Korolev, born in 1877, was from Mogilev, taught Russian literature. He received his education at the Nizhyn Historical and Philological Institute, where he met his future wife.
Mother, Moskalenko Maria Nikolaevna, born in 1888, came from a merchant family in the city of Nezhin, Chernigov province, and was also involved in teaching.
Seryozha was about three years old when the Korolevs moved to Kyiv, but the parents’ life together did not work out, dad left the family. And then his mother sent him to Nezhin, where Moskalenko’s grandfather Nikolai Yakovlevich and grandmother Maria Matveevna took up raising the boy; they loved their grandson madly.
Seryozha was four years old when he first watched a man fly in an airplane. This happened in 1911 in Nezhin, when the Russian pilot Utochkin flew into the city. The boy was already impressionable growing up, and the pilot and the airplane shocked him even more.
When Sergei was eight years old, his mother remarried engineer Grigory Mikhailovich Balanin, took her son from his grandparents and took him to Kyiv. Here in 1915 the boy began studying at preparatory courses at the gymnasium.
Studies
In 1917, the family moved to their stepfather’s homeland in Odessa, where Seryozha began studying in the first grade of the gymnasium. Unfortunately, soon educational institution was closed, and little Korolev attended a unified labor school for about four months. He received further education at home, classes with the child were conducted by his mother and stepfather; Grigory Mikhailovich had not only an engineering education, but also a pedagogical one.
Among all subjects and sciences, Sergei gave preference to technical ones; he was especially interested in aviation technology. In 1921, a seaplane detachment was organized in Odessa. Korolev could watch them fly over the sea for hours. Then the boy had a goal - to fly in the sky on the same plane.
And then young Korolev accidentally met Vasily Dolganov, who worked as a mechanic in the hydraulic unit. The man tinkered with the engines, explained to the boy what was what, and he greedily hung on every word. Having quickly studied the theory, Sergei began to practice; all summer, from morning to evening, he spent in the hydraulic squad, helping the mechanics in the pre-flight preparation of aircraft. Soon, for all pilots and mechanics, Sergei became a trouble-free, indispensable assistant.
In 1922, Korolev entered a professional construction school, where he studied for two years, attending various courses and clubs. He especially often disappeared in the school carpentry workshop, where the children made various products and models from wood. This school gave him vast experience, which was useful to Korolev when he began to build not wooden, but real gliders. Sergei studied so diligently that one day his class teacher said to his mother: “Your guy has a king in his head.”
Aviation Society
In 1923, the Aviation and Aeronautics Society of Ukraine and Crimea (OAVUK) was created in Odessa. Sergei was one of the first to enroll in the society and the gliding circle created under it. By this time, Korolev had already managed to take off once in a seaplane with the ship’s commander, whom the mechanic Dolganov persuaded to take the young man with him.
Sergei devoted almost all his time to the OAVUK society. Very soon he became a lecturer on eliminating aviation illiteracy, sharing his knowledge of gliding and the history of aviation with workers. Moreover, he himself did not specifically study this anywhere, he learned everything from books. At the construction school he had a teacher, Gottlieb Karlovich Ave, who taught his lessons only in German. Sergei’s stepfather was also fluent in this language. So Korolev learned German perfectly and read books on aviation in this language.
However, after graduating from construction school, it was necessary to obtain a serious profession. His seniority started at age sixteen. For some time, Korolev worked as a carpenter, tiling roofs. He also had a chance to work in production behind a machine. He told his parents: “I will build... But only airplanes”. Mom was against this choice of her son, but Seryozha’s stepfather supported him. I must say that my stepson developed a wonderful relationship with Grigory Mikhailovich; he found support from him on any issue.
Institutes
At the age of seventeen, Sergei developed a project for the K-5 motorless aircraft. His invention was officially accepted by the competent commission and recommended for construction. Korolev decided to continue his studies in Moscow at the Air Force Academy. But they were accepted there only from the age of eighteen and after service in the Red Army. Since Sergei had neither one nor the other, he went to Kyiv, where he became a student at the Polytechnic Institute. He entered the Faculty of Aviation Engineering.
Study had to be combined with work to make ends meet. The guy got up at five in the morning, ran to the editorial office to get newspapers, and then delivered them on Solomenka, so he earned eight karbovanets. I had to do carpentry, start working as a roofer again, and earn extra money as a loader.
Nevertheless, Korolev still found time for the gliding circle existing at the institute. Here he worked enthusiastically and often stayed in the workshop all night, falling asleep in the morning on a pile of shavings. Quite quickly he became known as a jack of all trades; many of his designs participated in international competitions.
After two years of studying at the Kiev Institute, Korolev transferred to Moscow to the Bauman VTU, by which time his mother and stepfather had moved to the capital. Sergei began studying in a special evening group in aeromechanics, and at the same time continued to invent, build, and follow every new trend in aviation:
- 1926 - joined the student academic circle named after N.E. Zhukovsky, where lectures were given by scientists and famous engineers.
- 1927 - Korolev was enrolled in the Moscow Glider School, where he flew a lot, mastering new gliders. In the same year, he became acquainted with the works of Tsiolkovsky, after which he became interested in rockets and space flights.
- 1928 - began working at the aircraft plant in Fili.
- 1929 - graduate student Korolev practiced at the Tupolev Design Bureau and defended his diploma, in which he developed the SK-4 two-seat light aircraft. The meticulous and strict Tupolev supervised the graduation project and signed it the first time, which had never happened before. Later, according to the project, the SK-4 aircraft was built and tested.
Scientific activity and inventions
Certified specialist Korolev began his labor activity at the Menzhinsky Aviation Plant, in 1931 he moved to the Zhukovsky Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute.
In the fall of 1931, Korolev, together with the scientist and inventor F.A. Zander, created the GIRD (the group studied jet propulsion). Already in 1933, Sergei Pavlovich led the first launch ballistic missiles on liquid and hybrid fuel.
At the end of 1933, he went to work at the RNII, holding the positions of chief engineer, deputy head of the institute, and also headed the cruise missile department.
In the summer of 1938, the scientist was arrested, the primary charge was that he was a member of a “Trotskyist organization.” He was sentenced to ten years in prison and sent to Kolyma. Then they handed down a new sentence “for sabotage in the region military equipment" But in 1944 the conviction was cleared, and he was completely rehabilitated only in 1957.
After the war, a research institute of the Ministry of Armaments was created in the Moscow region. He had a secret design bureau, headed by Korolev.
Already in 1948, the R-1 ballistic missile was tested, which was put into service in 1950. Next, he took up the development of various modifications of the R-1, and finished working on a single-stage ballistic missile medium range R-5 and its modification with a nuclear warhead R-5M. The next development was the single-stage liquid-propellant rocket R-11 and its marine version R-11 FM.
In 1956, Korolev led the creation of the R-7 two-stage intercontinental ballistic missile. Even before the R-7 test, Sergei Pavlovich proposed to the government an idea - to launch an artificial Earth satellite using a rocket.
The country's leadership approved the initiative, and on October 4, 1957, an artificial satellite was launched into low-Earth orbit - the first in human history. A tremendous success followed; the USSR overnight gained high prestige in the international arena. As Korolev himself later said: “The daring dream of mankind was embodied in a small satellite”.
Subsequently, under the leadership of Korolev, the following were created and launched into orbit:
- geophysical "Sputnik-3";
- paired Electron satellites, with the help of which the radiation belts of planet Earth were studied;
- three lunar automatic stations: “Luna-1” flew nearby, “Luna-2” delivered a USSR pennant to the Moon, “Luna-3” took a picture of the side of the Moon that is not visible from Earth.
And on April 12, 1961, the world community was again amazed by Korolev’s inventions: he designed the first manned spacecraft in history, Vostok-1, on which Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin flew. This is how humanity began to explore outer space. Less than six months later, German Titov carried out his second flight on the Vostok-2 spacecraft; he was in space for almost a whole day.
In August 1962, under the leadership of Korolev, two ships were launched jointly - Vostok-3 and Vostok-4. A year later, in the summer of 1963, during the joint launch of Vostok-5 and Vostok-6, the first woman, Valentina Tereshkova, went into outer space.
In 1964, Korolev developed a more complex Voskhod ship, which could already have three people on board - a flight engineer, a commander and a doctor. In the spring of 1965, for the first time since Voskhod-2, a person entered outer space. Cosmonaut Alexey Leonov left the ship through the airlock chamber and remained outside it for 20 minutes.
Sergei Pavlovich began developing a more advanced Soyuz spacecraft, where cosmonauts could stay for a long time and conduct scientific research. But he did not live to see the launch of the Soyuz. He also did not have time to implement another of his plans - launching a man to the moon. The great designer and scientist died on January 14, 1966, he had sarcoma of the rectum. The urn with Korolev’s ashes was buried in the Kremlin wall.
Wives and children
Korolev met his first wife, Ksenia Vincentini, as a young man in Odessa. He sought her for seven years, and at the end of the summer of 1931 they got married. Ksenia Maximilianovna was a first-class surgeon. In 1935, they had a girl, Natasha, who followed in her mother’s footsteps, becoming a professor, doctor of medical sciences and State Prize laureate.
Unfortunately, Sergei Pavlovich, who dreamed of his beloved Ksenia for so long, lost interest in his wife after several years together, and other women appeared in his life. When her daughter Natasha was 12 years old, she learned from her mother about her father’s infidelities, tore up all his photographs and crossed them out of her life. This crack remained forever; Korolev met with his daughter very rarely and was not even invited to her wedding.
In the spring of 1947, he met his second wife, Nina Ivanovna, who worked as a translator at his research institute. They lived together for almost twenty years, until his death.
outlined in this article.
Sergey Korolev short biography
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev- Soviet scientist, designer, main organizer of the production of aerospace technology and missile weapons USSR and the founder of practical cosmonautics.
Born on January 12, 1907 (December 30, 1906, old style) in Zhitomir in the family of a teacher of Russian literature.
In 1922 he entered the Odessa construction and trade school, from which he graduated two years later. In 1924 he entered the Kiev Polytechnic Institute. In 1926 he transferred to the evening department of the Moscow Higher Technical School.
Back in the early 20s, Korolev designed his first glider. Later, gliders of his design will take part in the All-Union glider competitions, receiving high reviews. After completing the Moscow Higher Technical School, Korolev works at enterprises in the aviation industry.
In 1930, Korolev defended his graduation project for a light-engine aircraft. The young designer’s scientific supervisor was Tupolev himself. After his defense, Korolev received the profession of aeromechanical engineer.
Together with Tsiolkovsky's follower Friedrich Arturovich Zander, in 1931 he organized one of the first rocket organizations in the USSR - the Jet Propulsion Research Group (GIRD). Supervises the construction and flight testing of experimental rockets, develops a design for a rocket plane - half-airplane, half-rocket.
In 1933, he was appointed deputy head of the Jet Research Institute (RNII). Designs experimental rockets, builds a rocket plane. He makes presentations at All-Union conferences on the use of cruise missiles to study the stratosphere.
In 1938, he was unreasonably repressed and sentenced to a long term of imprisonment. First he leaves for Kolyma. During the Great Patriotic War works in a special regime design bureau. He was released in 1944 and the following year he was sent to Germany, where, as part of the Technical Commission, he became acquainted with captured missile technology.
From 1946 until the end of his life Korolev - Chief Designer ballistic missiles long range, rocket and space systems - launch vehicles "Sputnik", "Vostok" and its modifications, aircraft-ships "Vostok", "Voskhod", automatic interplanetary stations, specialized Earth satellites. Under the leadership of Korolev, the world's first artificial Earth satellite was launched in 1957, and the first manned one in 1961. spaceship"Vostok", a lunar project has been prepared transport system N-1.
On his initiative and under his leadership, the first artificial Earth satellite and the first cosmonaut on the planet, Yuri Gagarin, were launched.
Sergei Korolev was an academician of the Academy of Sciences, a member of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1960-1966), twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1961), laureate of the Lenin Prize (1957). Was awarded the Gold Medal. K.E. Tsiolkovsky Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1958), 2 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Badge of Honor and medals.
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev passed away January 14, 1966(heart stopped after surgery).
Personal life
Korolev was married twice. In August 1931 he married his former classmate Ksenia Maximilianovna Vincentini. In 1935, their daughter Natalya was born, but the marriage was unsuccessful and they divorced in 1948.
Second wife - Nina Ivanovna Kotenkova (1949-1966).