• 1 Where to start opening a production facility for the production of metal structures
• 2 Material for the production of metal structures
• 3 How much can you earn in the production of metal structures?
• 4 Pros and cons of metal structures production
• 5 How much money do you need to start?
• 6 How to choose equipment for the production of metal structures
• 7 Which OKVED code to indicate when registering a business
• 8 What documents are needed to start the production of metal structures
• 9 Which taxation system should I indicate?
• 10 Do you need a permit to operate?
• 11 Technology for the production of metal structures
• 12 For a beginner in the production of metal structures

A business idea such as the production of metal structures is not the easiest thing.

But it is very popular and profitable. Before you decide to create such a business and start drawing up a business plan, we want to warn you that this area requires huge investments.

You cannot start such a business on your own, so you will need additional investments.

Where to start opening a production facility for the production of metal structures

The first procedure that awaits you is registering your activities.

To complete and collect the necessary documentation you will need about 50 thousand rubles.

After that you need to find a suitable premises. Its area must be no less than 250 square meters. meters.

In your workshop you need to place devices, machines, and additional utility rooms.

Each plant is built in different conditions, but on average you can meet the amount of 700-900 thousand rubles.

Also, take care of selecting employees in advance. The staff of your workshop will be at least 30 people. Your employees must be qualified specialists, have a certain length of service and experience in this field of activity.

Of course, most of the money will be spent on purchasing necessary equipment. It can be ordered not only from foreign companies, but also from domestic ones.

Everything again depends on your capabilities. The cost of these costs will be at least 7 million rubles.

All this applies only to mass, extensive enterprises, such as the production of building metal structures.

In a small factory you will not be able to produce this type of product. Therefore, before starting a business, decide what exactly you will produce and where to sell your products.

Material for the production of metal structures

Another item of your costs is the materials from which structures or individual parts will be made.

Such material can be purchased at an affordable price at scrap metal collection points. If you become a wholesale buyer, you will receive a decent discount.

But this applies only to private points, because at government points you are unlikely to be able to buy material at a wholesale price.

Your initial investment:

• paperwork,
• rent or purchase of premises,
• acquisition of necessary equipment and materials,
• advertising.

Even though the market in this area is not large, competition is still present.

If you want to get your buyer, then you need to promote your company and spend a certain part of your finances on advertising.

You can broadcast it on the radio or shoot a special video for television. It would also be a good idea to create your own website, where you can talk about the services provided, prices, and also show photographs already finished products.

Also, with such a huge production, it would not hurt to create a fleet of vehicles. In this case, you will be able to deliver finished products to your customers for a certain price.

On a small site you can organize the production of light metal structures.

For example, if you want to make forged fences, trellises and other small structures for personal plots. In this case, your expenses will be significantly reduced.

You will need to build a premises, register as individual entrepreneur, purchase a welding machine and several non-production machines.

In this area of ​​business you will have a sufficient number of clients.

You can negotiate with small offices or funeral services. Advertising may be present on banners in the area of ​​your production. And also on the Internet. But as far as technology goes, a minibus is quite suitable for you.

Regardless of the scale of your production, you must first draw up your business plan.

In order for your enterprise to be unprofitable, do not create unclaimed designs, but work directly with the client, that is, to produce an order.

This type of activity will be universal, as for a large plant. So it is for a small private enterprise.

How much can you earn in the production of metal structures?

You should not expect quick profits from such a business. It will take some time to launch and advertise production.

If this is a large-scale production, then profits will begin to flow in 4-6 months. But small-scale production can immediately generate income.

It all depends on how quickly you find customers and on the number of these orders.

As for a large plant, it is worth looking for its buyers even before the business starts. After purchasing and installing equipment, as well as staffing, you can begin searching for clients.

Best suited for this construction companies, and it doesn’t matter what size. It is better if there are both large and small among them. Then you will be able to produce different types of structures and make a profit already at the initial stage of production.

As for net profit, in a large production you can get from 300 thousand rubles per month of work, but of course this is a conditional figure.

But the profit of small-scale production will depend on the availability of orders and the pace of work. Profit can range from 30 and even up to 70 thousand rubles per month.

The main advantage of a small enterprise, despite lower income, remains that almost all the profit will belong to its owner.

I would also like to note that in winter there is a decline in demand for the production of metal structures. And in order to avoid wasting time in vain, it is necessary to collect as many orders as possible in the fall.

Such orders that will not be urgent. But this trend mainly concerns large-scale production.

As for the profitability of such projects. On average it is 30%

Pros and cons of metal structures production

The main advantage of this type of production is its demand. Structures made from metal have always been and will be popular. Each product will always have its own client.

But small-scale production is also beneficial because it does not require huge investments. In addition, if your business does not work out, you can easily resell the equipment without losing money.

You will not be left in the red, whether your small business works or not.

But in large-scale production you will need huge financial investments. Plus, it’s not so easy to find clients here, especially if you don’t have experience and advertising in this area.

How much money do you need to start?

• Registration of activities and obtaining permits - 50 thousand rubles;
• Construction of a production workshop - 800 thousand rubles;
• Equipment - 5 million rubles;
• Advertising - 50 thousand rubles.

How to choose equipment for the production of metal structures

Professional equipment- an integral part of production. You can buy it of both foreign and domestic origin. Naturally, domestic devices are cheaper, but also of lower quality. It is best to contact professional companies that directly supply equipment for the production of metal structures.

Which OKVED code to indicate when registering a business?

According to the decoding of the codes of the all-Russian classifier, for the production of metal structures the OKVED code 25.11 is indicated.

What documents are needed to start the production of metal structures?

To organize the production process, the activity must be legalized - registered entity. It is this legal form that allows cooperation with large developers. For registration, the charter of the LLC and the decision of all its founders to open the production of metal structures are submitted to the regulatory authority.

Which tax system should I indicate?

For the legal form of an LLC, it is advisable to use a simplified taxation system with a rate of 6% or 15%.

Do I need a permit to operate?

The production of metal structures is under the vigilant control of various standards and requirements. That is why the preparation of a package of documents and obtaining permits and licenses should be entrusted to a professional lawyer.

Today, I want to talk about an option for making money at home - making souvenirs from scrap metal.

This type of activity does not require large investments and special professional skills. Also, for this type of activity you do not need special production premises; work can be organized in a garage or barn.

We will talk about figurines made of bolts, nuts and wire. These funny figures look original and are quite popular among buyers. Also, an undeniable advantage of such production is that the figurines are not made according to templates. The flight of fancy is not limited here. There are no restrictions on size or shape.

For mass sale, figurines are made no more than 10–15 centimeters in height. They are kept small due to the marketing policy of souvenir shops. Small products sell much better and are reasonably priced.

But let’s move on directly to the production itself and the necessary equipment.

Costs of organizing production

For production you will need a premises small size. Ideally, you can use a garage or other utility room in which you can place equipment and inventory.

The area can be from 6 square meters. The main requirements for the room will be: its normal illumination, good ventilation, the presence of protected sockets for connecting electrical equipment, convenient wall shelves.

Special attention is needed devote fire safety premises, since welding will be used during the work.

Of the necessary equipment, the main unit will be an inverter-type semi-automatic welding machine. This is the most expensive part of the investment. It can be purchased either new or used. There is no fundamental difference, as long as the unit works properly. For a beginner, the best option will be purchasing a new device. We will use it for production planning. This device has all the necessary functions and is affordable.

Equipment and inventory

Inverter type welding machine, RESANTA SAIPA-135 – 12,800 rubles.
Carbon dioxide cylinder, volume 20 liters - 1,700 rubles.
Pressure gauge for a cylinder - 1100 rubles.
Oxygen hoses – 100 rubles per linear meter.
Welding mask “Chameleon” – 1800 rubles.
Grinder for 125 mm disc. – 1400 rubles.
Screwdriver – 2500 rubles.

Metal table, size 1 meter by 1.5, – 1500 rubles.
Vice – 3000 rubles.
Screw clamps, 2 pcs. - 500 rubles.
Other necessary tools – 1000 rubles.

The amount for organizing production from scratch will be 28,150 rubles, at prices as of May 2018. But this is the maximum amount, and it is calculated exclusively for the purchase of new equipment.

You can purchase all this on the secondary market, and the cost of purchases will drop by half. In my case, the cost amounted to 13,700 rubles.

I bought the welding machine assembled, with a cylinder, hoses, and a mask, for only 7,200 rubles, and I got a screwdriver with a small grinder for 2,500. Here it’s a personal matter for everyone, which tool to use - new or old.

With an old tool, it is easier to start a business if you focus on minimum investment. The old tool can later be replaced with a new one. That's what I did. I started with the old one, and then gradually replaced it with the new one.

More about material costs

To make the first batch you will need raw materials and consumables.

Supplies you will need:

A roll of welding wire – 650 rubles.
Discs for grinder, 6 pcs. – 150 rubles.
Refilling a cylinder with carbon dioxide costs 350 rubles.
Grinding wheel – 250 rubles.
Nozzles for cleaning rust, soft, 2 pieces - 350 rubles.
Metal brushes, 3 pcs. – 180 rubles.
Rust converter, 2 liters – 200 rubles.
Solvent, 20 liters – 700 rubles.
Paint, 4 cylinders – 750 rubles.
Metal varnish, 2 bottles – 300 rubles.
Brushes – 150 rubles.
Work gloves, 5 pairs – 75 rubles.

Amount of expenses for Consumables– 4159 rubles. These materials are enough to produce at least 90 products, and this amount will be included in the calculation of the cost of the product.

Also, raw materials are needed for production. There are no barriers here. To make figurines, raw materials can be obtained from metal scrap yards, car repair shops and auto repair shops.

If, nearby, there is some enterprise where I repair mechanical units, then the raw materials can be taken there.

For example, I get raw materials from a company that repairs transformers and substations. They sell me the necessary metal to choose from, at the price of scrap metal, 10 rubles per kilogram.

I choose what I need for the figurines, and these are mainly nuts of sizes 6, 8, 10, 12, wire with a diameter of 2 -3 mm, bolts of sizes 5, 6, 8, 10, pieces of metal 0.8 mm thick., bearing balls, springs.

Small bearings look very good as wheels. I buy them, and other little things, from auto electricians, also at the price of scrap metal.

In terms of cash costs, such a purchase costs approximately 1,500 – 2,000 rubles. I take 150 -200 kilograms of raw material, and this is enough for me to work for two months.

Profitability of production

The profitability of this production is high. Let me give you an example of a calculation.

The amount of expenses for consumables is 4159 rubles.

These materials are enough to produce an average of 90 figurines.

For 90 figurines you need to use 40 kilograms of raw iron, which costs another 400 rubles.

(2775 +400)/90=50 rubles. This is the raw material cost of one figurine.

To this amount we add another 15 rubles, electricity costs, and we get 65 rubles. 65 rubles, it costs one figurine to make.

The selling price of one piece is from 300 rubles. The price of the figurine depends on the imagination of the author.

If you depict just a man on it, then its price will be 300 rubles, and if you make a composition, then the cost will increase to 700 - 800 rubles. The cost of some products reaches 3000 rubles.

I try to make 2 - 3 products a day. When I learned this, I simply made robot figures, and they were sold for 200 - 300 rubles, but later my skill grew, and I began to make real masterpieces.

For example, a stand for business cards with an image of an office robot - a worker - sold for 2,500 rubles.

So, if you produce 50 products per month and sell them for 300 rubles, then the profit will be 11,300 rubles. But producing 50 pieces per month is not difficult, and the price of 300 rubles is not the limit. The average monthly income for the production of 90 products is from 30,000 rubles.

Here the matter depends on specific person. If you try and find sales for your products, and this is not difficult to do, then production can be increased several times, and this will already become a good income.

This business is not seasonal and production can be maintained throughout the year. To do this, of course, you will need to open an individual entrepreneur so that you can enter into agreements with stores and points of sale of souvenirs, but these are details.

About production

The production process itself should be divided into several stages. First you need to sort all the elements from each other.

Nuts, bolts, balls, springs and pieces of metal are distributed into different containers, and then filled with a solvent mixed with a rust converter.

All the metal is in this liquid for one day. Then, all this is removed, dried, and cleaned with a wire brush. You can do this yourself, but I try to hire someone from outside to do this.

For such services I pay 10 rubles for each cleaned kilogram. Hired employee, works once a month, it takes him almost two full days. He receives from 2000 to 3000 rubles for this.

This suits me, as well as my neighbor, who is happy to do any part-time work; I attract him for these purposes.

Once the material has been cleaned and sorted, the creative process begins. First you need to think about the theme of the figurines.

For example, it’s spring, and the fishing season is in full swing, therefore, the entire party will be dedicated to the theme of fishing.

By the New Year, figurines of snowmen or hares under the Christmas tree will be in demand.

In the summer, robotic swimmers and divers sell well.

In the fall, robots that pick mushrooms are sold. Seasonality in sales of souvenir products should be observed.

Stands for salt and pepper shakers, stands for pens, and business card holders are in demand all year round. The same is true with robot motorcyclists.

That is, at this stage you need to decide on the compositions. This is necessary in order to start cutting workpieces.

The robots' arms and legs are made of wire. If, for example, you need robots that play football, then the wire is cut according to one template, and if you need robots that play fish, then these are slightly different sizes.

Also, depending on the composition, platforms and additional parts for the figurines are cut.

This process takes approximately two to three days. Next, all the parts are laid out in containers, and the next stage begins - welding of the products.

If anyone thinks that for this production you need to be an extra-class welder, then they are mistaken. There is no need to weld the pipes through which water flows. This is not welding a ship's hull. This is a simple spot tack welding. You can learn how to use the device in one to two days; fortunately, there are a lot of materials on the Internet about how to do this. I learned this in one day.

The welding process occurs as follows - first the figures are made, and after that a composition is made from them. It all depends on the mood and imagination. The uniqueness of such souvenirs is that not one figurine is similar to the other. They are just like people - they all seem to be the same, but at the same time, they are all different.

If you are not in the mood to work, then the figures will turn out appropriately, and, conversely, if you are in a good mood, the figures will simply shine. It takes a week to weld the figures if you do it 2-3 hours a day.

When all the components are ready individually, the next step is to make compositions from them. Here too, the main assistant is fantasy. Compositions can be made up of one, two, or even more figures. This process takes approximately a week.

When the products are welded, you need to start cleaning and painting them. First, all welding seams and welding drips are cleaned. This work is done with a grinding wheel.

Next, when the seams are cleaned, the figurines are processed with a soft nozzle. At this stage you need to get shine on the figures. This stage is very important, since if rust remains on the product, this may lead to peeling of the paint in the future.

Cleaning with a soft wire nozzle is done using a screwdriver. You should not use a grinder for this purpose. This may result in personal injury and product damage.

After cleaning, you need to move on to painting the products.

I use two colors to paint my products – gold and silver. I simply varnish some of the products and leave them in their original metallic colors.

Products should be painted in two stages. First, the bottom of the figurines is painted, and then top part. To avoid mixing colors, you need to paint in small batches. The optimal quantity for painting is 20 pieces.

The products are ready, and the next step is to sell them.

Sales

There are several proven paths, and several original ones.

Of the proven ways, it should be noted the sale through online trading platforms. They work well, and I sell almost half of my products through them.

Stores take a percentage of sales. They sell goods well, but the problem with such trade is that the stores have many types of souvenir products, and it is profitable for them to sell what they earn more from. If you give them a normal wholesale price, then with the store markup the cost of the product turns out to be, to put it mildly, overpriced.

For this reason, the goods may remain in the store. If you give stores a lower price, then the profitability of the business decreases, but the goods are sold faster. With stores you need to look for a middle ground, and work with them only if the product is not selling well through ads.

Another way of implementation is to sell figurines through your own outlet. To organize it, you need a trade tent, a table, a chair, preferably everything folding, and a permit for outbound trade.

The point should not be open every day, only on weekends. People should get used to the fact that every Saturday and Sunday you can buy souvenirs in this place self made. They must see the product and be able to touch it with their hands.

An original solution is to make custom souvenirs. Many people want the figurine to look like the person to whom it will be given.

For example, some clients wanted to do original gift to a businessman I know. He doesn’t need money, and they didn’t know how to please him, until they came across a figurine made by me.

They found me and asked me to make a souvenir. The condition was that the figurine should reflect the appearance of their friend as much as possible. The task was not easy, but I did it.

I made the figure a larger nose and protruding ears, like the hero of the occasion. The clients were very satisfied. The cost of the figurine was 7,500 rubles. True, I had to give it to processing with galvanic copper, and it cost me 1,500 rubles, but at the same time, I received 5,500 net profit for this work. Now I can do this kind of metal processing myself, but then I didn’t have it.

About business development prospects

For those who want to put this type of business on stream, I would advise them to do the following - conquer the markets of southern resort cities.

So far there are few of these products there. These products will be well received if compositions of the appropriate theme are made. It must be palm trees, shells and anything that will resemble the sea.

Very good offer will put the names of cities and years on souvenirs, for example “Sochi 2018”. Such products will sell very well during the holiday season, and sellers will be happy to buy it.

True, for such trade, you need to completely change the production concept. Raw materials will no longer need to be purchased from metal receiving yards, but directly from metal product manufacturers.

Voted: 9 average rating: 4.2

Many people have a desire to produce any product; beginners and experienced craftsmen create metal products with their own hands for sale. Some people come up with some pretty interesting developments.

What can you focus your attention on? How to start manufacturing products from steel and non-ferrous materials? What is in demand today? What products will be in demand in the near future? What tool should you have on hand? There are many questions. It's quite difficult to answer everything. But many potential entrepreneurs will still be concerned about finding their place in the market.

From idea to market

The peculiarities of the market are such that a very tiny product may be in demand, but large products, into which a lot of thought, work and talent have been invested, will turn out to be unnecessary. There are plenty of paradoxes in free trade.

Hardware is still in greatest demand.

1. Nails are bought in kilograms. They are used in construction, the manufacture of other goods, and in the production of packaging.
2. Self-tapping screws came to replace nails. The advent of cordless screwdrivers has changed construction technologies and furniture production. It is much simpler and easier to assemble any spatial structure using self-tapping screws than to use disposable fasteners.
3. Screws (bolts) and nuts are fasteners that connect individual parts to each other. The demand is enormous. It is difficult to imagine any production that does not use threaded hardware.
4. Wire staples are used in conjunction with staplers. Mechanical, electrical and pneumatic staple driving devices are used in all walks of life. A small box of staples is available in any home. The goods do not sit on the shelves.
5. With the advent of tools for quickly connecting parts into finished products, blind and threaded rivets help in the production of complex one-piece units. The range of rivets is constantly expanding.
6. Welding electrodes are soft steel wire coated protective compounds. Even ordinary clay on the surface of wire rods allows parts to be welded together using electric arc welding.

To start producing hardware, it is enough to purchase automatic machines, for example, a nailing machine. All that remains is to thread the wire from the next roll into the machine and set it to right size nail. All further work proceeds without human intervention.

To operate the nailing machine, you will have to purchase wire and boxes where the finished products will be packaged. In the production of nails, one person performs the duties of director, accountant, foreman and auxiliary worker. Everything is in one hand. All that remains is to distribute the goods according to retail outlets and wait for results from its implementation.

The equipment for the production of other hardware is not much more complicated. In a small workshop and even in a garage, entrepreneurs organize completely modern mini-factories that produce in-demand goods.

Those who managed to establish the production of hardware in the early nineties of the last century still continue to produce them. Small factories export staples, nails, screws, screws, bolts and nuts to dozens of countries. Electrodes in trading network are purchased in tons.

What can an amateur manufacturer offer?

When it comes to metal products, many potential manufacturers begin to fantasize about the manufacture of large spatial structures. Others see themselves as blacksmiths, forging intricate fences or steel flowers.

In fact, the list of metal products is quite extensive:

• Jewelry production. It is not necessary to use precious metals and alloys to create a sought-after product. Most jewelers work with cupronickel, bronze, brass and copper. They decorate their works with pebbles collected from streams and rivers. Jewelry and decorations sell out quite well before major holidays.

• Cold steel is an interesting line of work. The demand is constant. However, the manufacturer is always under close supervision law enforcement. It is advisable to start making weapons to reconstruct historical events. There is no need for sharp sharpening, just similarity with the prototypes is enough.

• The production of armor will be in demand in the coming decades. Many clubs are being formed where those who want to get involved in history are looking for manufacturers who can produce ammunition for medieval knights according to the given designs and height of the customer. The price of the products is quite high. While maintaining high quality, the demand is quite high.

• The production of metal structures for protected soil is a rather promising area of ​​activity. Greenhouses and greenhouses, made wisely, are always needed in summer cottages. Even raising livestock in chicken coops on a metal frame is more interesting than traditional methods. Rabbit cages made from a profile pipe, covered with panels, allow you to raise furry animals quite profitably.

• Stairs for the home are most often made on the basis of a metal frame. The designs decide different ideas production of staircases and railings. Having mastered the technology of calculation and welding, the master will receive a profession in demand for several decades. Individual construction is only gaining momentum. Entrance lobbies and interfloor staircases will be ordered constantly.

• Metal furniture is in demand outdoors. Various types of benches, benches and tables are used in parks, gardens, cottages and personal plots. These items, after being painted with protective paints, can be left outdoors. Precipitation, temperature changes and other natural disasters are not scary for them. The demand for such products is always stable, especially in spring and summer.

• Metal gazebos are a rather interesting line of production. Prefabricated and welded structures do not require the use of complex technological equipment. Any craftsman who has mastered the features of using an angle grinder and a welding machine is able to independently weld structural elements. After painting, ready-made fragments are obtained; all that remains is to deliver them to the site and assemble them. The sheet material serves as a roof.

• A steel swing can take its place near the house. It is based on a metal frame, as well as a swing installed in bearings. The device is simple and can be mastered by a skilled person.

• Accessories for carpentry and plumbing tools are in demand. Many craftsmen require simple devices, which make it easier to manufacture: hives and components; facades for cabinet furniture; parts for various crafts - and many other things that home manufacturers use on a daily basis.
• Rural residents and summer residents will buy gardening tools and tools if the products contain new ideas that reduce labor costs. Conventional rippers or uprooters will be purchased by those who have to work on the land.
• Agricultural implements for walk-behind tractors and mini-tractors, which are used more than effective ways soil treatment will definitely be assessed and paid for by buyers.

To master the manufacture of a particular product, you can read the relevant books, watch videos and familiarize yourself with step by step guide on the main operations and the tools used.

How to start and grow a business?

You can hear the opinion that to create your own business empire you need significant initial capital. Without it, it is impossible to organize a profitable business. But history proves otherwise. With relatively small investments, gigantic fortunes and enormous production are created:

1. Henry Ford began building production with one successful engine on a self-running wheelchair. It cost only $50 to not only design and build the first engine from water pipes, as well as carts with steering and brakes. Already during his lifetime (1924), the company produced more than a million cars a year.
2. Dale Carnegie remained a teacher all his life, but managed to earn more than a billion dollars. He correctly decided on what he had to offer: he taught others how to make money. He earned money himself; his heirs could not count the inheritance for another twenty years.
3. Michael Rubin started his business at the age of ten, selling seeds. No initial capital. Then he organized the first snow removal company: he hired friends to work and agreed with the neighbors that within an hour there would not be a single snowdrift left near the houses. An enterprising boy at the age of 12 headed a small cleaning company. At the age of 14 he had his own store. Today his fortune is estimated at more than $2 billion.
4. Sergey Brin came to the USA at the age of five and now heads GOOGLE. Anyone who wants to will always find the necessary information about him.

The main thing is not the presence of initial capital, it is important to desire and try to achieve the fulfillment of your desires. You need to put all your time into this and try to find ways for further development even in losses.

Eat certain rules, which should not be neglected. If you decide to deal with metal and products made from it, you need to decide on the place where the production process will be organized. You will need tools, fixtures and raw materials.

At the initial stage, non-mass production is organized, they start with the first experimental models, on which demand is tested, the limit price of the proposed sample and the wishes of potential customers are determined.

It's time to consider some areas of activity.

Jewelry production

It is not necessary to use precious metals in your work. Copper, bronze, brass and cupronickel look quite attractive. These metals can be cast into special molds to create original products.

Stable demand among buyers for products made by weaving. Various chains, brooches, necklaces and bracelets are jewelry in which openwork wire weaves create unique designs. Having mastered the complex technology of creating spatial structures, the master will acquire a circle of people willing to buy his products. In the future, a transition to the use of silver and gold as raw materials is possible.

Jewelry manufacturing technology using casting method

To familiarize yourself with the features, you need to look at the proposed photos and explanations for them.

For foundry production on the table you will need:

• A flask is a device into which blanks are cast. It creates a mold for future casting.
• Container for preparing molding sand. Here different types of gypsum are mixed and mixed with water.
• Device for centrifugal casting. Most often, this is a special chain suspension that is untwisted to force the foundry mixture to fill the mold with a certain force.
• Tool for grinding cast metals.
• Gas burners - they are used to heat the flasks, molding mixtures and melt the metal.
• Devices for making models. In the production of rings, cylindrical supports of different diameters are used.

For spatial and flat models use boards on which the model mixture is placed and the model is cut out;

• Sets of cutters - they are used to cut out the design of the future product.
• Grinding tools for processing models and castings: files, needle files, sandpaper, drills and other abrasive tools.

To perform casting you need to have:

1. Foundry mixture - if there is copper and lead, then mixing them in different proportions, bronze is obtained. By mixing electrical copper and tin, brass is obtained. Old nickel silver products can become raw materials for the manufacture of silverware. Some craftsmen purchase brass fittings, cut them and cast their products;
2. Molding sand is a special product that uses fine sand mixed with gypsum. Ordinary building plaster will not work; the shape and size of the grains will not allow you to repeat a complex and small pattern;
3. Modeling wax is a plastic structure from which complex surfaces are cut. This material, slightly heated, can be glued in the right places. Beginning craftsmen use paraffin from candles. Simple models can be cut from cheap raw materials, but the quality will be low.

Information: Carl Faberge began making bronze jewelry. At first he cast medals and cigarette cases. Only after mastering the technology did he begin to use silver, gold, platinum and aluminum in his work.

Attention! When preparing foundry mixtures yourself using lead, tin, zinc, antimony and other heavy metals, you should have exhaust devices to remove vapors.

Step-by-step guide to making a brass ring

Attention! Lost wax casting technology. It received this name because after pouring the molding mixture and its hardening, the model wax is melted out. It doesn't stay inside at all.

There is also a method of casting using burnt models. In them, the model is made of polystyrene foam. When molten metal is poured, the model is burned out.

The work begins with preparing the wax mass. It is heated. At a temperature of 62…65 ⁰С the wax melts. Heat a little higher, to about 70 ⁰C, so that it remains in the molten state longer.

Wax is applied to the surface of a template of a certain diameter. U good master Usually there is a set of templates so that it is possible to make rings for different clients. The minimum size is 12 mm and the maximum is 28 mm.

Subsequently, all work on preparing the model is carried out on the surface of the template. The wax is cut to the shape of the future product. A pattern is formed on the main surface.

If the stone needs to be secured in the future, small tendrils are created on the model. They will hold the stone on the front surface of the ring.

The template allows you to work without the master touching the wax with his hands. Therefore, there are no fingerprints left on the surface. Having a set of cutters, skilled craftsmen cut out a convex or concave design. This is how signet rings are made.

When developing the model, it is agreed upon with the customer. Then the exact product approved in the order will be manufactured. Sometimes a master makes not one, but several models. Subsequently, one or more are selected to be cast from metal. The work is quite complex, so this stage of work is negotiated and paid for separately. Each new model is a new product that the master spends time on.

Attention! You can design a product in 3D modeling programs and make a model using a 3D printer.

After all the elements of the future product have been worked out, the model is removed from the mandrel. A gating system needs to be manufactured. It will be needed for subsequent metal pouring. Ensure that there is sufficient volume for the melted mass. There should be plenty of it.

Ordinary plasticine is used as the basis for making a sprue. Filling is done through at least two holes. One is molded, and the second serves as a vent - air outlet. It is correct to place them at different heights. Thick wire is used to create holes.

The rods are slightly heated before installing the model. Then she sits down easier. They try to make the casting hole lower, and the projection a little higher. Its filling will occur with the reverse movement of the metal at the moment the space is filled.

The flask is put on the gating system. A tight installation will not allow the molding sand to leak.

Inside the flask you can see that the model does not touch the walls of the flask anywhere. There will be no deformation of the product when pouring.

The molding mixture is mixed with water. A solution is obtained that must be poured into the flask.

When pouring, it is advisable to place the investment ring on a vibrating table. Then air bubbles will be removed from the poured mass. The absence of bubbles will make it possible to obtain a durable shape without defects. It remains to wait until the gypsum present in the mold hardens.

The gating system is removed from the flask. Now the wires responsible for pouring the metal are visible.

Remove the wire. There will be access for metal through small holes. But for now there is a model inside. It is surrounded on all sides by the frozen molding mixture. When removing the wire, try to act carefully so as not to damage the workpiece.

After removing all the auxiliary elements, the mold begins to warm up and wax is removed from it. The flask is turned upside down. Place it on a dish where the wax will flow out.

When the wax comes out, a cavity is formed inside for the metal. Filling by centrifugal injection molding is provided. Used special device in the form of a box and chain. The flask will have to be rotated by hand so that, under the influence of centrifugal force, the metal penetrates more fully into the most distant spaces of the form.

Heating is carried out in a device for centrifugal casting.

Attention! At home, other injection molding methods are also used. Many jewelers use potato halves. When there is molten metal, the flask is covered with a potato and pressed against the flask with force. From below heat over 800...900 ⁰С. Moisture evaporates from the surface of the potato. The resulting steam presses on the molten metal with its pressure. It penetrates into the most remote parts of the form.

When all free moisture has evaporated from the mold and a temperature close to the melting point of the metal being poured has been reached (about 850 ⁰C), pieces of brass (nickel silver, copper, bronze or other material) are placed on the sprue part.

The molten metal flows into the mold. Now you need to force it inside. They begin to unwind the device for centrifugal casting. Craftsmen using steam apply potatoes and wait for the steam to push the metal inside.

It doesn't take long to turn (about two minutes). The fluidity of the metal decreases quickly. You need to wait until the product hardens inside the mold. The temperature difference between the device and the surrounding air is high, so after 5...8 minutes the casting will become solid.

You can destroy the plaster and remove it from the flask by waiting for it to cool. This is what they do when casting gold products. If mold particles cool quickly, they can damage the soft metal.

IN cold water within a few seconds the mold will collapse and the product will be released. It's easy to get.

The casting shows the remains of the gating system. Use pliers to cut off the excess. They can be reused. When using expensive metal, use a jigsaw to saw through the sprues.

The immediately cast part looks unattractive. It is treated with sandpaper and polished. Gives a marketable appearance. If necessary, the drawing is refined using pens, giving it an even greater convexity. Skilled craftsmen apply a fine mesh, which will enhance the texture effect.

The size is being finalized. After casting, it is possible to reduce the diameter of the ring. You can simply grind off the excess inside with files or needle files. More often they use mandrels (a tool made of a hard material of a given size, for example, balls from a bearing), which are driven through the holes.

Using polishing wheels, the surface is processed and a high-quality product is obtained.

Products containing copper are treated with sulfur. It helps you see the depth of the drawing. The easiest way is to use sulfur ointment purchased at a pharmacy.

By firing at a temperature of 250...280 ⁰C, the oil evaporates. The sulfur film settles in the depressions. Excess on convex areas is removed by polishing using polishing pastes.

The finished metal product is examined for defects. If they are not there, then you can give them to the customer and receive payment for the completed order.

Video: decorative elements made of metal.

Other types of own production for profit

By studying step-by-step technologies, you can master several of the most different professions for the manufacture of goods from metal.

The issues of individual production are quite interesting. For an active person, a direction will always be found, which in the future will become the work of life.

Before the impromptu start, I watched a lot of videos and read a lot of literature on this topic. Which is what I recommend to everyone who wants to get into metal casting. Before you start practicing, you need to understand the theory.

Tracing paper from the screen, a lot of painstaking work and not a very good result. The only people who liked my product were local comrades without a fixed place of residence or occupation, who simply tore it off for scrap metal.

I thought for a long time about how to make a good, high-quality matrix and remembered about a 3D printer. I won’t say that mastering this mechanism and studying the design program was very easy for me, but now, hand on heart, I can say that it’s quite possible to an ordinary person. There would be a desire.

What can be cast

You can cast a lot of useful things that people are happy to buy.

“WARNING VICIOUS DOG” or “VIDEO SURVEILLANCE” signs

"MAIL" signs

"ADDRESSES AND NUMBERS" signs

Signs “CAFE, BARS, OFFICES”, etc.

This is far from full list what can be produced. You can even cast molds for casting lead products (weights, car weights, battery terminals, etc., etc.)

I even came across a video where some friend from Kenya quite professionally pours dishes on his knee.

Of course, I didn’t plan to cast dishes, but the question of making all kinds of plates and molds for casting lead products really interested me.

That's how the business started. My town is not big, but there are quite enough orders.

Necessary equipment

Almost all of my equipment is assembled from old, worn-out items.

Smelter. The summer version is assembled from the body of an old mini refrigerator, bricks, clay and pipe cuttings. Winter version from an old solid fuel boiler, using the same bricks, clay and such and such. I added a blower and installed this entire system in the garage, because it is very difficult to pour metal in the open air in the rain and cold, and often it is not possible at all.

Crucible. An old, three-liter gas cylinder (they can be found at any scrap metal receptacle) and a piece of fittings for the holder.

Blowing air. Old spare parts from the Cyclone vacuum cleaner were perfect for this purpose.

Sand. Any, but it is desirable that the fraction of sand grains be as small as possible. This way there are much fewer traces of casting (roughness) on the metal. At first I used regular quarry sand. I sifted it on a very fine sieve, but over time I switched to quartz (preferably from old, fusible high-voltage inserts). It is very fine even without sifting.

Note: Once cast, the sand can be recycled into raw materials to create molds. So don't rush to throw it away.

Liquid glass. Regular sodium liquid glass. It costs a penny, so don't reinvent the wheel. If you still seriously decide to get into this business, then I advise you to buy it not in bottles, but in canisters. It works out much cheaper this way.

Old power supply. An old computer power supply for applying paint to products (anodizing).

Paints. Paints can be used either powder or from spray cans. From spray cans it is even preferable, less hassle.

Raw materials. Almost any aluminum trash is suitable for casting, but I still prefer to use food grade, with the addition of electrical equipment. Well, in in this example This is a defrosted flask, but it is quite suitable for our purposes.

Important: There are grades of aluminum that are practically impossible to polish. No matter how much you sand them, you will not be able to achieve a mirror shine.

Wax. Some people use beeswax in a chic way; something like this never occurred to me. Why such chic if you can just use technical paraffin.

Grinding machine. A sharpening machine, or a grinder, or even a drill. I often use all three tools.

Grinding attachments. It all depends on the type of tool you will use. The nozzles are not expensive and can be purchased at any market.

Graphite or talc powder. Depends on what you can get. IN big cities Where there are trams and trolleybuses, it’s not difficult to find old graphite contact brushes and sharpen the powder with emery.

3D printer and design program. This was most likely the most difficult, since both had to be mastered from scratch. You can, as in my case, purchase a 3D printer in an online store at quite reasonable prices. I paid 17 thousand rubles for mine. It was possible to buy it cheaper, but I chose not to save (the larger the mounting table of your printer, the larger matrices it will print).

Well, all sorts of little things. Everything you need to assemble flasks, remove slag from the melt and trim all excess from products. In general, all the little things that I missed during the storytelling process.

Unfortunately I can’t demonstrate the printer. On this moment it is under renovation. Chinese friends do not always sell us quality goods. Although mine worked for more than three years and if I had not experimented with the loaded raw materials, most likely it would have worked to this day :))

Matrix manufacturing technology

The technology is very simple, but most likely the first time you will not get what you expect. Just be patient (with time the skill will come and everything will not seem so difficult).

The initial sketch of the sign can simply be taken from the Internet. To do this, just type in the search logo of address and apartment number. Look at pictures in Google or Yandex and choose something similar.

After that, in 3D Max we get a 3D model from the image and superimpose letters and numbers.

Everything is saved to printer format and printed. The resulting model must be placed in a flask and filled with a mixture of sand and liquid glass.

Preparation of the mixture and flask for casting

Flask. A flask is essentially just a frame into which our model is placed and filled with molding sand.

It can be made from wood, but since our products do not differ much in size, you will eventually get tired of this carpentry and prefer to make it from metal. Reusable is much better than often remade.

Molding mixture. I use a mixture of sand and liquid glass. There are a lot of recipes for making it on the Internet, but I still settled on this one. From my point of view, this is much more reliable than when your form simply falls apart and you have to redo all the work again.

Note: The proportions are up to you. I usually add enough glass so that when I squeeze the mixture in my hand, it doesn’t crumble.

In general, in this matter, who knows what. I also experimented a lot. One day I (I don’t know whether it was out of great intelligence or stupidity) mixed cement and liquid glass. The result was sad. The mixture froze before I even realized it. In general, damaged cement, glass and the container in which I mixed this whole thing. But I am in no way dissuading you from experimenting. On the contrary, try it, maybe you will find your own recipe.

Preparing for casting

We put our 3D model into the flask and fill it tightly with molding mixture. After this, carefully remove it and wait until the mold hardens. We lightly process it and you can pour it. For reverse side of our mold, we will make a flat lid and add sprues

Important: Many processes remain behind the scenes and not because they are a secret, it is simply impossible to describe in detail the entire process and nuances in one article. On the YouTube channel Folk Craft you can watch the casting process in detail.

It was from this channel that I obtained basic information on casting and I advise you to do the same. There will be fewer mistakes and disappointments. The technology is almost the same. It’s just that instead of a matrix we will use a 3D model printed on a printer, and not an aluminum one, as in the video.

After the casting has cooled, it can be processed, finished and painted.

My first products, to put it mildly, were not so hot. I just didn't know many of the subtleties. And in particular, I didn’t know how to apply a relief, textured design to a plate.

Notice the texture of the leather inside the sign. Once you get a little familiar with the 3D program, such things will no longer be a secret for you.

We give a marketable appearance to our products

Without the necessary modifications, your creation will be, to put it mildly, unsalable. Here you can really show all your imagination and skill.

Aluminum can simply be painted, anodized, etched and a bunch of other gadgets can be used. Here, as they say, the flag is in your hands. Try, see, experiment

Where to get raw materials

Try not to push cut ones into the 3D printer, plastic bottles and rods from a plastic broom, all this will end sooner or later, as in my case, by going to a workshop :)) It’s still better to buy in specialized stores.

But as for aluminum, the mining field here is simply huge. At the beginning, I addressed a similar question to the nearest reception. When the owner of the reception found out that I, from no one unnecessary trash, I can cast pure aluminum, the price of the issue for junk was immediately removed for me.

Instead, offers were made to earn a little extra money and even two barrels of different sizes and two workers were allocated to install a simple smelter. I cast ingots worth 2.5 - 3 thousand rubles a day, and that’s just for me; 50 percent of the metal was taken by the acceptance department. Within two weeks (until the vacation ended) I made good money. And it must be said that similar proposals were received from other receptions. But this type of income was of little interest to me, so I simply left my entire household in the hands of the same scourges who screwed up my sign. Even though they won't admit it :))

Since then, the issue with aluminum has disappeared. If necessary, I can always go to the receiving area and collect the necessary raw materials.

Note: By the way, this great way additional income. As I already said, at every acceptance there is always junk (these are aluminum parts with the presence of foreign metals). In this form, it costs as much as ferrous metal, but separately, these are completely different prices. Well, I think you already guessed it yourself. So the receivers are very willing to cooperate in this way.

Some of you will now think that you will spend more on coal and electricity. I assure you this is not true. In the smelter you can use not only coal, but also just any flammable rubbish. Right down to coal dust, which can be collected in any boiler room in very large quantities (it also burns well with a blower). Well, as for electricity, a vacuum cleaner engine operating far from full power is not so much.

Subtleties of doing business

Try not to take orders in a hurry and for a limited period, without properly thinking through all the subtleties of its implementation. One day I took an order to make a sign for a cafe and promised to complete the order within five days. Back then I didn’t even suspect that it would be a hell of a job with tight deadlines. Firstly, the sign was too large and simply did not fit on the 3D printer table. It had to be made from three parts and carefully placed in a flask. Secondly, there was a terrible frost outside, and I didn’t have a winter smelter yet and the molds simply burst during casting. They needed to be heated, but in such frost, heating was ineffective. Thirdly, with all these troubles, I did not meet the deadline, which did not add to my reputation.

.

In addition to finding start-up capital, beginning entrepreneurs face a number of problems. One of the most pressing issues is the availability of production premises. And it doesn’t matter what you do - production of goods, trade or services. Premises are needed in cases where it is not possible to run a business at home due to the specific nature of the activity. Then entrepreneurs think, what if they open a business in a garage? The idea of ​​producing goods or services in it is not so bad, especially considering the absence of the main obstacle - the financial component. If this garage is yours, then you are very lucky, because often it is the high rent of industrial premises that prevents budding businessmen from moving forward to a bright future.

What business ideas come to mind when you hear the word “garage”? The first association for many is, of course, a car repair shop or, in other words, a service station. A lot of garages are equipped for this type of business. They start with the simplest repairs and maintenance, and later, as they develop, they purchase special equipment (for example, lifts, equipment for tire fitting, wheel alignment, etc.), expand the premises, and hire personnel.

However, in our article we will talk about another, no less effective, direction of small business, which you can absolutely easily start developing from the garage - this is the production of metal products, such as gates, gratings, fences, stairs, etc.

A welding machine and a business in a garage is a production idea that is accessible to many!

So, the first thing you will need to develop this business, in addition to the garage itself, is a welding machine and your ability to work with it. The task will become more complicated if you are not friends with him, but we will not stop there. Finding decent welders will not be difficult, but you will still have to learn to understand the intricacies of this work, since the control functions will be assigned to you. In addition, you will need to look for customers, meet with them, visit sites, take measurements, etc. Fortunately, now there are ample opportunities on the Internet when it comes to offering your own services. You can place ads, you can use social media, you can create your own website. It all depends on your desire, time and, of course, money.

What else is needed to adapt a garage to a workshop for the production of metal products? This is the ability to connect to a 380 volt line, as well as additional equipment - a metal cutting machine, a milling machine, a work table, an angle grinder for stripping and grinding, a drill, components and other tools. In addition, it would not hurt to acquire a small portable 220-volt welding unit in case of direct installation at the customer’s site. Finished products must be painted. But why not do it with a brush, especially for large volumes of work? For these purposes you will need a compressor and a sprayer. Perhaps this is all you have to fork out for at first.

Who are your potential clients?

These are, first of all, buyers who are counting on inexpensive options. Such production does not provide for exclusivity or “show-off”. These are residents of new buildings, owners of private houses and secondary housing, tenants of small offices from apartments removed from the housing stock. Budget products are especially in demand during a crisis. If a customer does not need a door or gate for a couple of thousand dollars, but needs a reliable alternative for two hundred, this is your client. Minimalism, simplicity and at the same time reliability, affordable price segment - all this will definitely help you find your buyer very soon.

If you work independently and you don’t need to pay wages for someone else’s work, then you can freely reduce the price of the finished product by 10-20%, because it’s no secret that half the cost of the product is labor. Thus, your price offer on the market will be one of the most attractive, which will help initially increase your customer base.

In conclusion, it should be noted that quality is the strong point with which you can hook your buyer. Despite the great competition in this industry, it is very difficult to find a decent price/quality ratio. Even if at the beginning of your journey your business is in a garage, the idea of ​​​​production should not be focused on average or low quality. Fight for your reputation; over time, the number of clients will increase thanks to positive reviews and recommendations. Try not to miss the moment when, when expanding and recruiting new personnel, in the pursuit of profit, an individual approach and adequate service are lost. All this will help you in the future not only to develop successfully, but also to master a number of related areas. Anatomy of Business wishes you all success and effective implementation of your business ideas!

Business on creation and development mobile applications(no technical knowledge) How to open profitable business on coffee machines? Business plan “Cargo transportation on Gazelle” as a type of quick profit.