Sailors are always respected and serious people for whom work comes first. But at the same time, they all have families who are faithfully waiting for them and loving them. The profession of a naval sailor is not only responsible and serious, but also interesting. Members of the Navy can see a lot during their career. Although there is also a risk to life.

What are the military ranks in the Navy?

Let's start with the fact that in the Russian Navy military ranks are divided into two categories: military and naval. The first ones have categories:

  1. The ladder begins with soldiers and foremen, who, in turn, are divided into soldier, corporal and foreman.
  2. Next come the warrant officers. This rank is divided into warrant officer and senior warrant officer.
  3. Officers. Here the subcategories are:
  • junior officers: junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain;
  • senior: major, lieutenant colonel, colonel;
  • highest: major general, lieutenant general, colonel general, army general and marshal of the Russian Federation.

Ship ranks have slightly different names:

  1. Soldiers, sergeants, sailors. Here the ranks are in ascending order: sailor, senior sailor, foreman of the 2nd article, 1st article, chief, chief ship officer, foreman.
  2. Midshipmen: midshipman, senior midshipman.
  3. Junior officers: junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, lieutenant commander.
  4. Senior officers: captain 3rd rank, 2nd rank, 1st rank.
  5. Higher officers: rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral, fleet admiral, marshal of Russia.

The uniform of military personnel in the Navy does not always include shoulder straps on which ranks are determined. Often, military sailors have stripes on their sleeves that identify their position and rank.

More information about the procedure for assigning titles

Like the Army, the Navy assigns a member's rank on the day his or her military rank expires. The legislation establishes the following deadlines:

  • to become a private or a sailor, you must serve for 5 months;
  • a year is required to serve in order to become a junior sergeant or sergeant major of the 2nd article;
  • You must serve three years to receive the ranks of senior sergeant and chief sergeant;
  • the same number of years is allotted to become an ensign or midshipman;
  • You must serve two years to become a junior lieutenant;
  • three to lieutenant;
  • three more to first lieutenant;
  • 4 years to captain and lieutenant commander;
  • 4 – up to major and captain of the 3rd rank;
  • It takes 5 years to become a lieutenant colonel or captain of the 2nd rank.

To receive the rank of senior officer, you must serve in your previous position for at least 1 year. As a rule, naval soldiers receive their next military rank 2 years after receiving the previous rank. The deadline includes:

  1. The break time (if any) due to the military being brought to criminal liability for unjustified reasons, as well as in the case of illegal dismissal with subsequent reinstatement.
  2. Time to stop military activities.
  3. Number of years spent in reserve.

Note that for special achievements, a naval soldier can receive another military rank ahead of schedule.

What are the responsibilities of the Navy?

Like any other troops, the Navy works for the good of the country. The main functions of the naval personnel are:

  • usage military force in case of a threat to the country from the sea. The Navy is also obliged to contain and suppress possible threats to Russia;
  • protect the sovereignty of your country by any means;
  • creating conditions to ensure the security of the state;
  • by order of the commander-in-chief, participate in various operations.

If we talk specifically about departments, then each of them has its own responsibilities. For example, naval aviation is engaged in missile and bomb strikes, and also provides cover. Coastal units defend the coast and lead ground fighting, protecting the sea border.

How to get into the Navy

Many young guys dream of working for the good of their Motherland, namely, protecting it. In order to become a member of the Navy, you must meet all categories. To be more precise, to become an employee you need:

  1. Have a complete secondary education. But it is preferable, of course, to graduate from a maritime school.
  2. Be at least 165 cm tall, and also have at least the second group of mental stability.
  3. Have a fitness category of at least A-2 (although you cannot get into the military infantry with such indicators).

Conscripts who are tall and good-looking are often taken into the honor guard company. However, secondary specialized education will not hurt in this case either.

Ship ranks in the navy are used in the Russian Navy and are assigned to sailors to the extent they are able to take responsibility for the command of a particular military personnel. They are also assigned to the military coast guard of the border troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, underwater and surface units of the Navy and naval units of the troops.

Almost all naval ranks differ from the missile and ground forces, airborne forces and airborne forces. From 1884 to 1991 they changed due to a number of events:

Modern ranks in the navy are divided into 4 categories:

1. Conscripts of conscript and contract service. These include: sailor, senior sailor, foreman of the second class, petty officer of the first class and the chief petty officer. The senior ranks also include a midshipman and a senior midshipman.

2. Junior officers fleet. These are: junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant and lieutenant commander.

3. Senior officers of the Navy. Ranks are divided into: captains of the third, second and first rank.

4. Senior officers. Consists of: rear admiral, vice admiral, admiral and fleet admiral.

Detailed description of ship ranks in ascending order

Sailor- a junior rank in the navy that corresponds to a land private. These are conscripts for military service.

Senior sailor- a parallel to the army rank of corporal, which is assigned to a sailor for maintaining discipline and exemplary performance of duties. Can be an assistant sergeant major and replace a sergeant major of the second class.

Petty Officers

Foreman of the second article- junior rank in the senior ranks, which was introduced on November 2, 1940. Situated in rank above the senior sailor and below the first class petty officer. May be a squad leader.

Petty Officer of the first article- a sailor of the fleet who is ranked higher in rank than the petty officer of the second article, but below the chief petty officer. Second in order of growth in the list of senior officers, introduced on November 2, 1940. This is a squad commander who has shown excellent results in performing military and organizational duties.

Chief petty officer– military rank in the Navy of the Russian Federation and Coast Guard. Occupies a place between the first class petty officer and the midshipman of the fleet. The naval rank of chief naval sergeant corresponds to the army rank of senior sergeant. Can replace a platoon commander.

Midshipman– a word of English origin, which is assigned to a sailor after completing appropriate training programs and courses. In land terms, this is an ensign. Performs organizational and combat duties within the framework of a platoon commander or company sergeant major.

Senior midshipman- a military rank in the Russian Navy, which is higher in rank than midshipman, but lower than junior lieutenant. Similarly - senior warrant officer in other branches of the military.

Junior officers

Rank junior lieutenant comes from French and translates as "substitute". Occupies the first rank in the junior officer ranks, both in the ground and naval forces. May be a post or platoon commander.

Lieutenant- second among ranks in the navy, in rank above junior lieutenant and below senior lieutenant. Awarded upon completion of service with the rank of junior lieutenant.

Senior Lieutenant- a naval rank of junior officers in Russia, which is higher in rank than lieutenant and lower than lieutenant commander. With excellent performance in the service, he can be an assistant to the captain of a ship.

Lieutenant Commander- the highest rank of junior officers, which in the Russian Federation and Germany corresponds to captain of the army of the ground forces. A sailor with this rank is considered the deputy captain of the ship and the commander of a company of hundreds of subordinates.

Senior officers

Captain 3rd rank- corresponds to an army major. The abbreviated name for the shoulder strap is “captri”. Responsibilities include commanding a ship of the appropriate rank. These are small military vessels: landing craft, anti-submarine ships, torpedo ships and minesweepers.

Captain of the second rank, or “kapdva” is the rank of sailor in the Navy, which corresponds to lieutenant colonel in land ranks. This is the commander of a ship of the same rank: large landing ships, missile and destroyers.

Captain of the first rank, or “kapraz”, “kapturang” is a military rank in the Russian Navy, which is higher in rank than captain of the second rank and lower than rear admiral. May 7, 1940 exists among ranks in the navy, decided the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. "Kapturang" commands ships with complex controls and huge military power: aircraft carriers, nuclear submarines and cruisers.

Senior officers

Rear Admiral can command a squadron of ships and replace the commander of a flotilla. Adopted since 1940 and since that time corresponds to major general of the ground forces and aviation.

Vice Admiral- a rank of sailors in Russia, which allows you to replace an admiral. Corresponds to a lieutenant general of the ground forces. Manages the actions of flotillas.

Admiral translated from Dutch as “lord of the sea”, therefore he is a member of the senior officer corps. Army employees are assigned the rank of Colonel General. Manages the active fleet.

Fleet Admiral- the highest active rank, as well as in other types of troops, army general. Manages the fleet and is assigned to active admirals with excellent combat, organizational and strategic performance.

What types of troops are assigned naval ranks?

The Navy of the Russian Federation (RF Navy) also includes the following units:

  • Marine Corps;
  • coast guard;
  • naval aviation.

The Marine Corps is a unit that carries out the defense of military installations, coastal areas and other sea lines. The Marines include sabotage and reconnaissance groups. Motto Marine Corps: “Where we are, there is victory.”

The Coast Guard is a branch of the military that defends Russian naval bases and special facilities in the coastal zone. They have at their disposal anti-aircraft, torpedo, mine weapon, and missile systems and other artillery.

Naval aviation is troops whose responsibilities include detecting and destroying the enemy, defending ships and other elements from enemy forces, and destroying enemy aircraft, helicopters and other air structures. Russian aviation also carries out air transportation and rescue operations on the high seas.

How and for what is the next rank assigned to sailors?

The assignment of the next title is specified in the current laws of the Russian Federation:

  • For a senior sailor, you must serve 5 months;
  • obtaining a sergeant major 2nd article can be expected after a year of service;
  • three years for senior sergeant and chief petty officer;
  • three years to become a midshipman;
  • 2 years for junior lieutenant;
  • 3 for promotion to lieutenant and first lieutenant;
  • 4 years to become a captain-lieutenant and captain of the 3rd rank.
  • 5 years to captain 2nd and 1st rank;
  • for senior officers, at least a year at the previous rank.

It is also worth knowing that military ranks in the navy may be assigned if the due date has not yet passed, but the military man has demonstrated his organizational, tactical and strategic abilities. A bad sailor is one who does not want to become an admiral, especially since it is possible. There are many examples of motivated, big-thinking sailors who became admirals.

Those serving in the Russian Navy who are capable of taking responsibility for commanding military personnel are awarded ranks in the fleet. Each of them has characteristic insignia. To receive a specific rank, a person in the service must prove his worth and show zeal for further promotion.

Naval ranks in the navy are divided into several categories:

  • Conscripts of contract and military service;
  • Junior officers;
  • Senior officers;
  • Senior officers.

Each military personnel who falls into one of the above categories is assigned certain responsibilities. He must strictly follow the charter and not neglect the tasks the implementation of which is his primary goal.

Ranks

Military ranks are divided into naval or naval and military ranks. The former can be assigned to employees of surface and submarine forces. Military personnel refers to individuals who serve in the airborne, ground and space forces.

The Law “On Military Duty and Military Service” of the Russian Federation (Russian Federation) establishes the military rank for military MAFs.

Sailors


In the navy, the lowest rank is sailor

The junior rank in the Navy is Seaman. In the Navy, it corresponds to the private rating given to a member of the Army. It is received by a conscript for military service. The title is also given to contract soldiers who are just beginning to get acquainted with military affairs.

Next comes the senior sailor. In importance he is equal to a corporal in the army. This rank is given to a serviceman who has never violated discipline and takes his own responsibilities responsibly. Often a senior sailor becomes an assistant or even a deputy foreman of the second class.

Petty Officers

The most junior rank in the senior ranks is the sergeant major of the second class. A soldier of this category can count on permission to command a squad.

The sergeant major of the first article becomes a sailor who is ranked higher in rank than the sergeant major of the first article. He is the squad leader. This rank is awarded to military personnel who were able to show good results in the process of performing combat missions. They are also characterized by high organizational skills.

Midshipmen


Midshipman's shoulder straps

The rank of midshipman is awarded to a sailor who has completed a number of training courses and programs. He corresponds to the rank of ensign in ground forces. The midshipman is considered responsible for carrying out combat duties and organizational affairs.

Above him in rank is the senior midshipman. This rank is similar to senior warrant officer in the army. He has the same responsibilities.

Junior officers

The junior lieutenant occupies the initial rank in the officer ranks. This rule applies to both naval and ground forces. A soldier with this rank may be assigned the duties of commander of a post or an entire platoon. It all depends on his professional skills and discipline.

The naval rank of senior lieutenant is given to a sailor who has performed well during service as an ordinary lieutenant. If the serviceman continues to give excellent performance, he will be able to become an assistant captain of a sea vessel.

The junior officer corps is completed by a lieutenant commander. This is the highest rank, which in the Russian Federation corresponds to the rank of company captain in the army. A sailor has the right to become a deputy captain of a ship. He also has the prospect of becoming a company commander, who has several hundred subordinates under his command.

Senior officers


A captain in the naval fleet has the right to occupy command positions on military vessels

A captain of the third category is the equivalent of a major in the army of the Russian Federation. Duties include commanding a ship appropriate to his rank. This includes anti-submarine, landing, torpedo vessels, as well as minesweepers.

Captains of the second rank are the same in importance as lieutenant colonels in the ground forces. This title is given to commanders of missile and landing ships, as well as destroyers.

The captain of the first category of the navy has the right to command ships, which are distinguished by complex control and great military power. It's about about nuclear submarines, cruisers and aircraft carriers.

Senior officers

The rank of senior officers begins with the rear admiral. He has a naval squadron at his disposal. Also, a serviceman with this rank can temporarily occupy the position of flotilla commander. In terms of importance and responsibilities, a rear admiral corresponds to a major general in the ground army.

In Russia, the rank of vice admiral is provided. This soldier can replace the admiral. In importance, he is on a level with a lieutenant general in the ground forces. Flotillas are subordinate to the vice admiral.

An admiral, which in the land army corresponds to a colonel general, is a rank higher than a vice admiral. He controls and directs the actions of the fleet.

A serviceman who has managed to positively prove himself in the process of performing strategic, combat and organizational tasks can become an admiral of the fleet.

Insignia


Fleet Admiral is the highest rank in the Navy.

The Russian Navy has two categories of shoulder straps. Some of them are intended for officers, while others are for junior personnel.

For sailors, midshipmen and foremen, everyday clothing has Blue colour. Sometimes it is decorated with a silver-tone edging. There is an embroidered letter “F” on the shoulder strap. Midshipmen's dress shirt is beige. The ceremonial uniform is complemented by gray and black sewn shoulder straps, a jacket and a coat.

Officers wear a white dress shirt, which is complemented by detachable shoulder straps without piping. They have a golden color. Also presented is a beige dress shirt with shoulder straps that match the tone of the clothing. It goes with a casual coat and jacket. The latest version of the uniform is complemented by black shoulder straps, which are decorated with yellow edging. On an important occasion, officers wear a ceremonial jacket, which has golden shoulder straps with black edging.

According to the laws and regulations of the Russian Federation, military personnel of the Navy have insignia presented in the table. These data apply only to the Russian Federation.

Rank Marks of Excellence
Sailors Shoulder straps without distinctive insignia. Senior sailors have a transverse stripe on them, also known as galloon.
Petty Officers Yellow braid and stripes. The number of braids depends on the category of petty officer. The main serviceman of this rank has a wide longitudinal braid.
Midshipmen Shoulder straps with vertical sewn stripes without gaps. Sometimes there are edgings. There are small stars in the amount of 2 or 3 pieces.
Junior officers Shoulder straps with yellow stripe vertical type and one clearance. There are stars measuring 13 mm. The number of stars depends on the rank.
Senior officers Shoulder straps with two gaps. They are complemented by stars, the size of which reaches 20 mm. The number of stars depends on the rank of the senior officer.
Senior officers Shoulder straps without gaps. They are decorated with stars that reach 22 mm in size. The largest star is present on the shoulder straps of Admiral Flor. It is equal to 40 mm.

Rivermen and sailors' shoulder straps look exactly like this. Military personnel of the river and sea fleets have another insignia - sleeve ones. They must be present on the uniform, namely on the jackets. Stars and stripes are considered to be the sleeve insignia. yellow color. They are presented in the following options:

  1. Junior and senior officers - a continuous stripe.
  2. Higher composition - there is an anchor inside the star.

The number of stripes and their width depend on the rank of the serviceman.

In what other units are naval ranks awarded?


Naval aviation has similar ranks to the naval forces

In the order (with a certain sequence) for awarding insignia and ranks of the Navy, several parts are involved:

  1. Coast security.
  2. Marines.
  3. Naval aviation.

Each of these military units is responsible for a specific range of tasks. For example, the infantry is responsible for the defense of military installations, aviation is responsible for detecting and destroying enemy air structures, and the coast guard defends the country's fleet bases.

How are titles awarded?

Ranks are assigned to military personnel in accordance with established deadlines.

Important! A sailor can be given a new rank ahead of schedule if he shows special zeal for service.

Military personnel of the Navy are assigned ranks through the following periods:

  • Senior sailor - after 5 months;
  • Petty Officer of the second article - after 1 year;
  • Chief Petty Officer - after 3 years;
  • Midshipman - after 3 years;
  • Junior lieutenant - after 2 years;
  • Lieutenant and senior lieutenant - after 3 years;
  • Captain 3rd category - after 4 years;
  • Captain 2nd and 1st category - after 5 years.

Higher ranks are awarded after one year of service in the previous rank. To achieve promotion, a seaman must prove himself as good specialist who is ready to take on responsible tasks and carry them out competently.

Since the time when the boats of our distant ancestors began to accommodate not one, but several people, the one who steered the boat with a steering oar began to stand out among them, while the rest, following his instructions, rowed or set the sail. This man, who enjoyed the unlimited confidence of the crew, since he was able to steer the ship, relying on own experience and intuition, and was the first helmsman, navigator and captain all rolled into one.

Subsequently, as the size of ships grew, so did the number of people required to set the ship in motion and control it. A natural division of labor began, when everyone became responsible for their specific business and, all together, for the successful outcome of the voyage. This is how gradation and specialization began among seafarers - positions, titles, and specialties appeared.

History has not preserved the first names of those whose destiny was navigation, but it can be assumed that already thousands of years before our era, the coastal peoples had terms that defined people’s belonging to the maritime profession.


One of the seven estate castes in Ancient Egypt there was a caste of helmsmen. These were brave people, almost suicide bombers according to Egyptian standards. The fact is that, leaving the country, they were deprived of the protection of their native gods...

The first reliable information about the system of naval ranks dates back to the times of Ancient Greece; it was later adopted by the Romans. Arab sailors developed their own system of maritime knowledge. Thus, the word “admiral”, derived from the Arabic “amir al bahr”, which means “lord of the seas,” has become firmly established in all European languages. Europeans learned about many of these Arabic terms from oriental tales"A Thousand and One Nights", in particular from "The Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor". And the very name of Sinbad - a collective image of Arab merchants - is a distortion of the Indian word “Sindhaputi” - “ruler of the sea”: this is how the Indians called shipowners.

After the 13th century, a distinctive system of naval ranks arose among the southern Slavs: shipowner - "brodovlastnik" (from "brod" - ship), sailor - "brodar" or "ladyar", oarsman - "oarer", captain - "leader", crew - “posada”, head of the naval forces - “Pomeranian governor”.


In pre-Petrine Russia there were no naval ranks and there could not have been, since the country did not have access to the sea. However, river navigation was very developed, and in some historical documents of those times there are Russian names for ship positions: captain - “head”, pilot - “vodich”, senior over the crew - “ataman”, signalman - “makhonya” (from “waving” ). Our ancestors called sailors “sar” or “sara”, so in the menacing cry of the Volga robbers “Saryn to the kichka!” (on the bow of the ship!) "saryn" should be understood as "ship's crew."

In Rus', the shipowner, captain and merchant in one person were called “shipman”, or guest. The original meaning of the word “guest” (from the Latin hostis) is “stranger.” In Romance languages ​​it went through the following path of semantic changes: stranger - foreigner - enemy. In the Russian language, the development of the semantics of the word “guest” took the opposite path: stranger - foreigner - merchant - guest. (A. Pushkin in “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” uses the words “guests-gentlemen” and “shipmen” as synonyms.)

Although under Peter I the word “shipman” was supplanted by new, foreign-language ones, it existed as a legal term in the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire until 1917.

The first document in which, along with the old Russian words “shipman” and “feeder”, foreign words were found, was the “Article Articles” of David Butler, who led the team of the first warship “Eagle”. This document was a prototype of the Maritime Charter. On its translation from Dutch by the hand of Peter I it is written: “The articles are correct, against which all ship captains or initial ship men deserve to be used.”

During the reign of Peter I himself, a stream of new, hitherto unknown job titles and titles poured into Russia. “For this reason,” he considered it necessary to “create” the Naval Regulations, so that on every large and small ship “everyone knew his position, and no one would excuse himself by ignorance.”

Let's try to take at least a quick look at the history of the origin of the main terms related to the composition of the ship's crew - the crew of a yacht or boat.

BATTALER- the one who manages clothing and food supplies. The word has nothing to do with “battle”, since it comes from the Dutch bottelen, which means “to pour into bottles,” hence bottelier - cupbearer.

BOATSWAIN- the one who monitors order on deck, the serviceability of the spar and rigging, manages general ship work, and trains sailors in maritime affairs. Derived from the Dutch boot or English boat - “boat” and man - “man”. In English, along with boatsman, or “boat (ship) man”, there is the word boatswain - this is the name of the “senior boatswain”, who has several “junior boatswains” under his command (boatswain’mate, where our old “boatswain’s mate” comes from).

In Russian, the word “boatswain” is first found in D. Butler’s “Article Articles” in the forms “botsman” and “butman”. There, for the first time, the scope of his responsibilities was defined. In the merchant navy, this rank was officially introduced only in 1768.

WATCH MAN- this initially “land” word came into the Russian language from German (via Poland), in which Wacht means “guard, guard”. If we talk about maritime terminology, then the Naval Charter of Peter I includes the word “watchman” borrowed from Dutch.

DRIVER- helmsman on a boat. IN given value This Russian word appeared recently as a direct translation of the English driver. However, in the domestic maritime language it is not so new: in the pre-Petrine era, words of the same root - “vodich”, “ship leader” - were used to call pilots.

“Navigator” is a currently existing and purely official term (for example, in maritime law), as is “amateur navigator” - in the meaning of “captain”, “skipper” of a small recreational and tourist fleet.

DOCTOR- a completely Russian word, it has the same root as the word “liar”. They come from the Old Russian verb “to lie” with a primary meaning of “talk nonsense, idle talk, speak” and a secondary meaning of “conspiracy”, “heal”.

CAPTAIN- sole commander on the ship. This word came to us the hard way, entering the language from medieval Latin: capitaneus, which is derived from caput - “head”. It appears for the first time in written records in 1419.

The military rank of “captain” first appeared in France - this was the name given to the commanders of detachments numbering several hundred people. In the navy, the title "captain" probably came from the Italian capitano. On the galleys, the captain was the first assistant to the “saprokomit” in military matters; he was responsible for the training of soldiers and officers, led in boarding battles, and personally defended the flag. This practice was later adopted by sailing military and even merchant ships, which hired armed detachments for protection. Even in the 16th century, those who could better protect the interests of the crown or the shipowner were often appointed to the position of first person on a ship, since military qualities were valued above maritime knowledge and experience. Thus, the title “captain” became mandatory on warships of almost all nations from the 17th century. Later, captains began to be divided into ranks in strict accordance with the rank of the ship.

In Russian, the title "captain" has been known since 1615. The first "ship captains" were David Butler, who led the crew of the ship "Eagle" in 1699, and Lambert Jacobson Gelt, who led the crew of the yacht built together with the "Eagle". Then the title of “captain” received official status in the Amusement Troops of Peter I (Peter himself was the captain of the bombardment company of the Preobrazhensky Regiment). In 1853, the rank of captain in the navy was replaced by "ship commander". On ships of the ROPiT since 1859 and the Voluntary Fleet since 1878, skippers from military fleet officers began to be unofficially called “captains,” and officially this rank in the civilian fleet was introduced in 1902 to replace “skipper.”

COOK- a cook on a ship, so called since 1698. The word came into the Russian language from Dutch. Derived from Lat. cocus - "cook".

COMMANDER- head of the yacht club, leader of a joint trip of several yachts. Originally it was one of the highest degrees in knightly orders, then, during the Crusades, the title of commander of an army of knights. The word is derived from the Latin: the preposition cum - “with” and the verb mandare - “to order”.

In the Russian Navy at the beginning of the 18th century, the officer rank of “commander” was introduced (between a captain of the 1st rank and a rear admiral; it still exists in foreign fleets). The commanders wore admiral's uniforms, but epaulettes without an eagle. Since 1707, instead of it, the title of “captain-commander” was awarded, which was finally abolished in 1827. This title was held by outstanding navigators V. Bering, A.I. Chirikov, and one of the last - I.F. Krusenstern.

CILEM(English cooper, Dutch Kuiper - “cooper”, “cooper”, from kuip - “tub”, “tub”) - a very important position on wooden ships. He not only maintained the barrels and tubs in good condition, but also monitored the watertightness of the ship's hull. The foreign word “cork” quickly entered everyday Russian speech, forming the derivatives “cork” and “uncork.”

PILOT- a person who knows the local navigation conditions and takes upon himself the safe navigation and mooring of the vessel. Usually this is a middle-aged navigator, about whom sailors jokingly, remembering the lights installed for the pilot vessel, say: “White hair - red nose.” Initially, pilots were crew members, but in the XIII-XV centuries there appeared those who worked only in their own specific area. The Dutch called such a “pilot” a “pilot” (loodsman, from lood - “lead”, “sinker”, “lot”). The first document regulating the activities of pilots appeared in Denmark (the “Naval Code” of 1242), and the first state pilotage service was organized in England in 1514.

In Rus', the pilot was called the “ship’s leader,” and his assistant, who measured the depth at the bow with a lot, was often called the “noser.” In 1701, by decree of Peter I, the term “pilot” was introduced, but until the middle of the 18th century the term “pilot” could also be found. The first state pilotage service in Russia was created in 1613 in Arkhangelsk, and the first manual for them was the instructions for pilots of the St. Petersburg port, published in 1711 by Admiral K. Kruys.

SAILOR- perhaps the “darkest” word in origin. All that is known for certain is that it came to us in the 17th century from the Dutch sea tongue in the form of “matros”. And although in the Naval Charter of 1724 the form “sailor” is already found, until the middle of the 19th century “matros” was still more common. It can be assumed that this word comes from the Dutch mattengenoot - “bed mate”: matta - “matting”, “mat”, and genoot - “comrade”.

In the middle of the century, the word mattengenoot, in the truncated form matten, came to France and was transformed into the French matelot - sailor. And after some time, this same “matlo” returned to Holland again and, unrecognized by the Dutch, turned first into matrso, and then into the more easily pronounced matroos.

There is another interpretation. Some etymologists see the Dutch matt - “comrade” in the first part of the word, others - mats - “mast”. Some scholars see Viking heritage in this word: in Icelandic, for example, mati - “comrade” and rosta - “battle”, “fight”. And together “matirosta” means “combat friend”, “comrade in arms”.

DRIVER- the word is relatively young. It appeared at a time when sails in the navy began to be replaced steam engine, and borrowed from it. Mashinist (from the Old Greek machina), but first noted in Russian in 1721! Naturally, at that time this maritime specialty did not yet exist.

MECHANIC- the origin is similar to the word “machinist”, but in the Russian language in the form “mechanicus” it was noted even earlier - in 1715.

SAILOR- a person who has chosen the maritime profession as his destiny. This profession is believed to be about 9,000 years old. Our ancestors called its representatives “morenin”, “sailor” or “sailor”. The root "hod" is very ancient. The expression “walking on the sea” is found already in the chronicle when describing the campaign of Prince Oleg to Constantinople in 907. One can also recall “Walking across the Three Seas” by Afanasy Nikitin.

IN modern language the root “move” was fixed in the terms “seaworthiness”, “navigability”, “propulsion”, etc. Peter I tried to instill the foreign Italian-French name for a military sailor - “mariner” (from the Latin mare - sea). It has been found since 1697 in the forms “mari-nir”, “marinal”, but by the end of the 18th century it fell out of use, leaving only a trace in the word “midshipman”. Another Dutch term, “zeeman” or “zeiman,” suffered the same fate. It existed only until the end of the first quarter of the 19th century.

PILOT- driver (less often - navigator) of a racing boat; an obvious borrowing from aviation “as a sign of respect” for high speeds. During the early Middle Ages, this was the personal rank of a pilot who accompanied the ship throughout the entire passage from the port of departure to the port of destination. This word came to us through the Italian pilota, and its roots are ancient Greek: pedotes - “helmsman”, derived from pedon - “oar”.

STEERING- the one who directly controls the progress of the ship, standing at the helm. The word goes back to the Dutch pyp ("rudder") and in this form is mentioned in the Naval Regulations of 1720 ("Inspect the Ruhr before going on a voyage"). By the middle of the 18th century, the word "ruhr" finally replaced the ancient Russian "helm", however, the title of "steerman" was officially retained in the Russian galley fleet until last decade the same century.

SALAGA- inexperienced sailor. Contrary to the original “interpretations”, for example, on the topic of a historical anecdote about the mythical island of Alag (“Where are you from?” “From Alag”), the prosaic version is closer to the truth, connecting this word with “herring” - small fish. "Salagoy" in some Russian dialects, mainly in the northern provinces, for a long time called small fish. In the Urals, the use of the word “herring” as a nickname has been recorded, that is, in the meaning of “new fish”.

SIGNALMAN- a sailor who transmits messages from ship to ship or to shore by means of manual semaphore or raising signal flags. The word “signal” came to us under Peter I through the German Signal from Latin (signum - “sign”).

STARPO- both parts of this word come from Old Slavonic roots. The senior (from the stem "hundred") here has the meaning of "chief", because it should be the most experienced of the captain's assistants. And “helper” originates from the now lost noun “moga” - “strength, might” (its traces have been preserved in the words “help”, “nobleman”, “infirmity”).

SKIPPER- captain of a civil ship. The word represents the "namesake" of the "shipman" - "schipor", and then goll. schipper (from schip - "ship"). Some etymologists see the formation from a word from Norman (Old Scand. Skipar) or Danish (skipper) with the same meaning. Others point to the closeness of the word to the German Schiffer (from schiff(s)herr - “lord, captain of the ship”).

In Russian, the word first appears at the beginning of the 18th century as a junior officer rank. According to the Naval Regulations, the skipper had to “see that the ropes were well folded and that they lay neatly in the interior”; “in throwing and taking out the anchor, you are responsible for beating [beatings] and watching over the tying of the anchor rope.”

In the merchant fleet, the navigator's rank of skipper was introduced only in 1768 with mandatory passing of exams at the Admiralty. In 1867, the title was divided into long-distance and coastal skippers, and in 1902 it was abolished, although the position of “podskipper” - the keeper of the ship’s deck supplies - on large ships still exists, as does the word “skipper’s storeroom”.

Shkotovy- a sailor working on sheets (from the Dutch schoot - floor). The word "sheet" (gear for controlling the clew angle of a sail) first appears in the Naval Regulations of 1720 in the form "sheet".

NAVIGATOR- navigation specialist. This word in Russian was first noted in the form “sturman” in the “Article Articles” of D. Butler, then in “Painting of supplies for the barcolon...” by K. Kruys (1698) in the forms “sturman” and “sturman” and finally, in the Naval Charter of 1720 it is found modern form words. And it comes from the Dutch stuur - “steering wheel”, “to rule”. In the heyday of navigation, when the ships of the Dutch East India Company were already plying the waters Indian Ocean and the role of navigators increased enormously, the Dutch word "navigator" became international. So in the Russian language it replaced the ancient “helmsman” or “kormshchiy” (from “stern”, where since ancient times there was a ship control post). According to the “Article Articles”, the navigator had to inform the captain “the acquired height of the pole (pole) and show his notebook about the ship’s navigation and the book of the sea navigation in order to best advise on the preservation of the ship and people...”.

CABIN BOY- a boy on a ship studying seamanship. This word appeared in Russian vocabulary under Peter I (from the Dutch jongen - boy). At that time, there were “cabin cabin boys” recruited as servants, and “deck cabin boys” for deck work. Many famous admirals began their naval service as cabin boys, including the “admiral of admirals” - Horatio Nelson.

Excerpt from the order of the Federal Agency for Maritime and River Transport dated December 5, 2013 No. 84 “On approval of uniforms, wearing rules, insignia, norms and procedures for providing clothing (uniforms), including uniforms, to federal state students educational organizations, subordinate to the Federal Agency for Sea and River Transport"

VIII. INSIGNIA officials

8.1 Insignia of officials of the Federal Fisheries Agency are divided into:
a) sleeve insignia;
b) shoulder marks;
c) chest stripes.
8.2. In accordance with the position being filled, the following insignia of officials of the Federal Fisheries Agency are established:
15 job category - 1 wide and 3 medium galloons;
14 job category - 1 wide and 3 medium galloons;
13 job category - 1 wide and 3 medium galloons;
12 job category - 1 wide and 2 medium galloons;
11 job category - 1 wide and 1 medium galloon;
10 job category - 1 wide braid;
9 job category - 4 medium braids;
8 job category - 3 medium braids;
7 job category - 2 medium and 1 narrow galloon;
6 job category - 2 medium braids;
5 job category - 1 medium braid;
4 job category - 4 narrow braids;
3 job category - 3 narrow braids;
2 job category - 2 narrow braids;
1 job category - 1 narrow braid.

IX. DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLES OF INDICATORS

9.1. The insignia of officials of the Federal Fisheries Agency are:
a) sleeve insignia:
b) shoulder marks:
The shoulder insignia is a removable block made of black woolen fabric, onto which insignia made of gold braid are sewn according to official categories.
Shoulder insignia are located on the shoulders when wearing a uniform wool jacket, tropical suit, shirts and women's uniform blouses. It is allowed to wear a shoulder badge with a field white on a white shirt (blouse).
Dimensions of the shoulder insignia: length 14 cm (for women - 12 cm), width 5 cm. Shoulder insignia are made removable and fastened with a small uniform button.
Width of the braid: wide - 3 cm, medium - 1.3 cm and narrow -0.6 cm. The gap between the braids is 0.3 cm.
The upper braid forms a loop in the form of a diamond, the horizontal size is: for a medium braid - 4.5 cm, for a narrow braid - 4 cm.
On the shoulder insignia are placed: for the 14th position category - a large emblem of the Federal Agency for Fisheries, and for the 15th position category - a large emblem of the Federal Agency for Fisheries, framed by two laurel branches, superimposed on galloon stripes in the lower part of the shoulder strap according to the drawing.
The shoulder insignia of enlisted personnel does not have galloon stripes.

TABLE OF POSITIONS FOR MARINE TRANSPORT WORKERS, FOR WHICH CLOTHING UNIFORM AND INSIGNIA OF DIFFERENCE BY JOB CATEGORIES ARE ESTABLISHED.
10.1. FLEET.
10.1.1. Transport self-propelled, dry-cargo, passenger and oil tankers of long- and short-distance navigation, transport railway and automobile ferries, icebreakers, rescue ships (with a power of more than 2000 hp), hydrographic (over 1000" BRT) and training ships, transport tugboats long voyage

Chief mate, first mate, chief (senior) engineer, assistant captain for training

Second Mate, Passenger Mate, Senior Operator Engineer, Hydrological Engineer, Second Engineer, Electrical Mechanic for General Ship Electrical Equipment, Senior Electrical Engineer, Electrical Radio Navigator Engineer, Head of the Radio Station

Third mate, third engineer, second 5th electromechanic, second electromechanic for general ship electrical equipment, refrigerator mechanic, first radio operator, passenger service administrator, assistant captain for the fire department

Fourth mate, fifth mate, utility mate, fourth engineer, third electromechanic, fourth electromechanic, third electromechanic for general ship electrical equipment, repair mechanic, crane mechanic, ship systems mechanic, radio mechanic, electric radio navigator, second radio operator, boatswain

10.1.2. Small-sea transport tugboats, rescue ships (less than 2000 hp), non-self-propelled long-distance transport vessels, hydrographic vessels (less than 1000 GRT).

10.1.3. Non-self-propelled transport vessels of small navigation, tugs, ferries, cutters and boats, self-propelled dry cargo and tankers of the port and service fleet, floating self-propelled cranes and reloaders

10.1.4. Boats, motorboats, motorboats with low-power engines, non-self-propelled dry cargo and tankers of the port and service fleet, non-self-propelled cranes and reloaders

10.1.5. Self-propelled dredgers of the technical (dredging) fleet

Baggermeister-captain

Senior assistant baggermeister, senior mate, senior (chief) engineer

Second assistant baggermeister - second assistant captain, second engineer, senior electrician

Third assistant baggermeister - third assistant captain, third mechanic, second and third electromechanics for general ship electrical equipment, head of the radio station

Fourth mate of the baggermeister - fourth mate, fourth mechanic, fourth electromechanic, head of the radio station, boatswain, radio operator

10.1.6. Non-self-propelled dredgers, self-propelled dredging scows of the technical (dredging) fleet

10.1.7. Fire guards, non-self-propelled scows of the technical (dredging) fleet

10.1.9. floating docks

10.2. SHIPPING COMPANIES.

10.2.1. Head of Shipping Company

10.2.2. Deputy head and chief engineer of the shipping company, head of the fleet department as part of the shipping company (internal self-financing)

10.2.3. Deputy Head of the Fleet Department; Head of Service: Transportation and Fleet Movement, Port Facilities and sea ​​routes ship management, navigation, icebreaker fleet and Arctic operations, logistics, commercial, technical, transport fleet maintenance; head of the department: personnel, organization of work with overseas sailors, technical, second; Chief: Dispatcher, Navigator, Technologist, Chief of the Head of the Head of the Shipping Company, Assistant Head of the Shipping Company for Safety

10.2.4. Captain Mentor

10.2.5. Head of the fleet management department, deputy head of the service, department specified in paragraph 3 of section; head: electro-radio navigation camera, naval personnel reserve base, fleet maintenance base, department in the service; chief specialists in the services specified in paragraph 3 of section; senior marine inspector, mechanic-mentor

10.2.6. Head of the sector in the service specified in paragraphs. Sections 3 and 5, senior deviator, marine inspector, group dispatch engineer, group mechanical engineer; senior: fleet dispatch engineer, HEGS engineer, passenger service department engineer, port services engineer, personnel inspector (engineer), technical department engineer, safety engineer; head of a radio center, radio station, head of office

10.2.7. Fleet dispatch engineer, HR inspector (engineer), passenger service department engineer, HEGS engineer, safety engineer, deviator, deputy chief and chief engineer of a radio center, radio station

10.2.8. Fleet dispatcher, senior operator of the fleet traffic control room, dispatcher (shift dispatcher), city manager ticket office, senior cashier of the city ticket office

10.2.9. Cashier and information desk attendant at the city ticket office

10.3 MARINE DEPARTMENTS.

10.3.1. Head of Department

10.3.2. Deputy Head and Chief Engineer of the Department

10.3.3. Chief navigator, captain-mentor

10.3.4. Head of the service: transportation and movement of the fleet, ship management, navigation, logistics, maintenance of the transport fleet; assistant head of department; head of department: technical, second, personnel; chief dispatcher, head of HEGS

10.3.5. Deputy head of the service and department specified in paragraph 4 of section; senior: deviator, group mechanical engineer; senior: fleet dispatch engineer, ship service engineer, marine inspector, technical department engineer, safety engineer, personnel inspector, mechanic mentor

10.3.6. Head of the electro-radio navigation camera, safety engineer, deviator, fleet dispatch engineer, personnel inspector

10.3.7. Fleet dispatcher, senior operator of the fleet traffic control room, dispatcher (shift dispatcher)

10.4 SEA PORTS.

Cat. I

II cat.

III cat.

10.4.1. Head of the port

10.4.2. Deputy Head, Chief Port Engineer

10.4.3. Harbor Captain

10.4.4. Head of department: mechanization, cargo and commercial work, assistant to the port manager on safety precautions, chief dispatcher, head of the port fleet; head of the section: communications, cargo area, oil loading area, cargo and passenger port point, maritime terminal hall, deputy port captain

10.4.5. Senior pilot

10.4.6. Senior: ship accident investigation inspector, dispatcher, safety engineer, port supervisor deputy: chief dispatcher, head of the department, division specified in paragraph 4 of the section, port supervision shift supervisor, deputy head of the marine terminal

10.4.7. Pilot

10.4.8. Dispatcher, senior inspector and port supervision inspector, head of the passenger port point, safety engineer

10.4.9. Marine station duty officer

10.5. SEA WAYS AND DREDGING MANAGEMENT.

10.5.1. Head of Department

10.5.2. Deputy Head and Chief Engineer of the Department

10.5.3. Bagermeister—captain-mentor, head of the dredging caravan

10.5.4. Head of Service: Railways, Mechanics and Ships; Head: Technical Department, Marine Inspection; Assistant Head of the Safety Department; head of technical department

10.5.5. Deputy head of the service and department specified in paragraph 4 of section; head: sea channel, travel distances; mechanic-mentor, senior safety engineer

10.5.6. Party leader, naval inspector, group mechanical engineer; deputy head: sea channel, route distance; deviator, safety engineer

10.6. EXPEDITIONAL UNITS FOR EMERGENCY RESCUE, SHIP LIFTING AND UNDERWATER TECHNICAL WORKS (ASTR).

Group 1 Detachment

Group II Detachment

10.6.1. Squad leader

10.6.2. Deputy chief and chief engineer of the detachment

10.6.3. Captain Mentor

10.6.4. Head of the department: chief mechanic, rescue and towing operations, head of the territorial group of the detachment, mechanic-mentor

10.6.5. Deputy head of the department specified in paragraph 4, head of the coastal base; senior: diving specialist, work manager, marine inspector; senior engineer: underwater technical, ship-lifting, underwater explosive and rescue operations, safety

10.6.6. Fleet dispatcher, diving master, diver instructor, safety engineer

10.7. HYDROGRAPHIC BASES.

10.7.1. Head of the hydrographic base

10.7.2. Group captain, mentor captain

10.7.3. Deputy chief and chief engineer of the base

10.7.4. Head of: pilot service, expedition, detachment, party, electrical radio navigation camera; mechanic-mentor, group mechanic, senior engineer of the ship supervision service for the prevention of pollution of the Arctic seas; deviator; senior dispatcher, first class lighthouse chief, senior pilot

10.7.5. Deputy head of the expedition, detachment, party, head of the pilot watch, lighthouse of II and III classes; senior: dispatcher, safety engineer; topographer; pilot

10.8. REGISTER OF THE RF.

10.8.1. Register Office
Director

Deputy Director

Chief Engineer

Department head

Deputy Head of Department, Chief Specialist

Lead, senior engineers

10.8.2. Inspectorate of the Register of the Russian Federation
Head of the Basin Inspectorate

Deputy Head of the Basin Inspectorate, Head of the Inspectorate

Deputy Head of Inspectorate, Chief Engineer-Inspector

Senior Engineer-Inspector

Inspector Engineer

10.9 STATE SELF-SUPPORTING ASSOCIATIONS OF MARINE TRANSPORT

10.10. ADMINISTRATION OF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE.

10.11. V/O "SOVSUDOPOJEM".

10.12. B/0 "MORPASFLOT".

10.12.1. Chairman of the association

10.12.2. Deputy Chairman of the Association

10.12.3. Head of Department: Operation and Commercial Work, Passenger Services, Operation of the Local Passenger Fleet

10.12.4. Assistant to the Chairman, Head of the Central Marine Cash Offices

10.12.5. Deputy heads of departments specified in paragraph 3 of section

10.12.6. Senior Economist for Ticket Operations, Senior Dispatcher for Passenger Operations

10.12.7. Passenger Operations Dispatcher

10.12.8. Senior ticket cashier, cashier of central maritime ticket offices

10.13. HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.

10.13.1. Head of the school, rector

10.13.2. Deputy head of the school, vice-rector, head of the educational department, head (dean) of the faculty, head (head) of the department, professor of the department, head of the research department, head of the branch of the school, institute

10.13.3. Deputy head (dean) of the faculty, head of the personnel department, head (head) of industrial practice, deputy head of a branch of a school, institute, head of an educational consultation center, head of educational workshops, associate professor, senior teacher, head of graduate school, academic secretary

10.13.4. Teacher, training master

10.13.5. Floating practice inspector

10.13.6. Laboratory assistant, commandant, boatswain

10.14. SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.

10.14.1. Head of the school, director of the technical school

10.14.2. Deputy head of the school, deputy director of the technical school, head (head) of the specialty department

10.14.3. Head of physical education, head (manager) of workshops, head (manager) of industrial practice, chairman of the cycle commission, head (manager) of an educational consultation center, deputy head of a department in the specialty, senior teacher

10.14.4. Head of HR Department, Industrial Training Master

10.14.5. Laboratory assistant, commandant, boatswain

10.15. NAVIGATING SCHOOLS.

10.16. V/0 "SOVFRACHT".

10.17. CENTRAL OFFICE OF THE MINISTRY OF THE MARINE.

10.17.1. Minister

14 with coat of arms

10.17.2. Deputy Minister

10.17.3. Member of the Board

10.17.4. Head of Department, Main Maritime Inspectorate, Head of the Office

10.17.5. Deputy head and chief engineer of the department, deputy head of the Main Maritime Inspectorate, office; chief navigator of the MMF; Deputy Chairman of the Scientific and Technical Council; head of an independent department, assistant minister

10.17.6. Deputy head of an independent department, head of a department in the department and in the Main Maritime Inspectorate, assistant to the first deputy minister, scientific secretary of the Scientific and Technical Council, deputy head of the department, leading inspector of the Main Maritime Inspectorate

10.17.7. Deputy head of department in the department, chief specialist, assistant to the deputy minister

10.17.8. Leading engineer of the department: operation of the fleet and ports, technical operation of the fleet and ship repair yards; Lead Safety Engineer