I think everyone knows that mushrooms do not appear in our forests suddenly, but according to a very clear schedule, which depends primarily on how quickly the mycelium accumulates the resources necessary for the formation of the fruiting body, as well as on , under what external conditions it is “adapted”.

It is in connection with these circumstances that there are spring mushrooms, early summer mushrooms, just summer mushrooms and late summer mushrooms, as well as autumn and even winter mushrooms. And the “first wave” of each mushroom, as a rule, is confined to a certain period. In this article, I intend to talk about when mushrooms grow, while briefly describing each mushroom and indicating the timing of its appearance and “disappearance” in our forests. And at the very end of the review there will be a useful bonus - mushroom calendar.

Morels

Many gourmets consider morels to be second only to truffles in their taste. Nevertheless, in terms of the time of their appearance in the forests, they should be considered unconditionally the first. In good years, the fruiting bodies of morels appear as early as April, delighting the zealous mushroom picker. Who, despite the furious ticks at this time, had already “sharpened his skis” into the forest - as soon as the snow melted there and it became more or less warmer.

It turns out that there are several types of these wonderful mushrooms and they all differ slightly in the timing of their appearance in the forests. Let's take a closer look at each morel.

Of all the morels, it stands out for its largest size, as well as its abundance. In the baskets of spring mushroom collectors, mushrooms make up the lion's share of the entire harvest.

Edible morel grows on calcareous soils rich in nutrients, gravitating towards well-lit places, therefore it prefers light forests - birch, aspen, elm, oak groves, poplar groves and pine forests. He does not avoid mixed forests either. In terms of relief, it loves lowlands and floodplains, as well as southern mountain slopes. Usually, edible morels are found where in the forest there are clearings, clearings and gaps among trees, in cluttered places, in old burnt areas. Morels are also found in cities - there they grow in forested areas, as well as in front gardens. Some gardeners can tell you stories about how they found morels right in the garden (in places where fruit trees and shrubs grew), I will say this - there is some truth in these stories.

Appears in our forests approximately in the beginning of May, peak growth - mid-end of this month, continues to throw out fruiting bodies until June, and then (about the middle of the month) disappears completely. In abnormally warm seasons - when autumn drags on and is dry and sunny - it may appear in October.

The earliest of the morels.

It's already starting to bear fruit in the middle of April, however, not as numerous as its previous brother. Disappears from forests approximately at the end of May, less often - At the beginning of June.

It grows in coniferous and mixed forests, preferring moist grassy places, especially often found in swampy lowlands and floodplains. Also loves cluttered places. It was noticed that the fungus seemed to form mycorrhiza with ash. Unlike the edible morel, it prefers sandy soils.

Morel tall

Externally, this mushroom actually corresponds to the previous one, differing from it only in the darker color of the cap (and even then not always) and a little higher height. In terms of timing of appearance in the forests, it also fully corresponds to its counterpart.

Usually - mid-April - May, bears fruit less often until June.

The growing conditions are almost the same as for the previous morel. Except that the tall morel is periodically found in gardens and vegetable gardens. Well, he still comes across noticeably less often.

Before preparing morels, you should Boil in salted water for at least 15 minutes and then discard the broth.. This is necessary in order to neutralize the toxins present in fresh morels. And don’t even think about neglecting this rule - you’ll get so poisoned that you won’t think it’s enough!

Stitches

Now comes the most controversial of spring mushrooms. Their inconsistency lies in the fact that in Russia, from time immemorial, lines have been devoured by both cheeks, and in the West they are poisoned with them, including with fatal consequences.

The whole point here is the inconsistent concentration of a special toxin contained in the lines. Usually it is such that one or two boils are enough to neutralize the poison. However, sometimes the content of this poison goes off scale, and no amount of boiling helps. Rumor has it that six months of drying can completely get rid of the toxin, but scientists warn that everything here depends on how much poison has accumulated in the fruiting body of the mushroom.

That is, if there is enough of it in the mushroom, no amount of drying or boiling will save you from terrible poisoning.

On top of that, different people’s bodies tolerate string toxin differently. Some people don’t even give a damn about it - there are cases when particularly crazy mushroom pickers ate armfuls of lines in their raw form, and - “at least henna.” But another, more unpleasant statistic is also known - when even a fully processed mushroom with a minute concentration of toxin caused serious poisoning in the eater.

To collect or not to collect lines? This is a voluntary task for every mushroom picker, but - at his personal risk.

Nevertheless, we will still consider these spring mushrooms.

It has been noticed that this mushroom prefers coniferous forests to deciduous forests. Loves old burnt areas and clearings, as well as sandy soils.

Bears fruit late April - early May, and so - almost until June.

The largest of the lines. It differs from the previous one in the lighter color of the “hat”. Appears in birch forests and mixed (but always with birch) forests in late April-early May.

Bears fruit until the end of May, less often - until early June.

It grows in well-warmed places - edges, clearings, etc. Like all lines, it feeds on decaying wood dust.

And now we’ve come to summer mushrooms. First on the list are russulas - as the earliest mass-produced ones. It's funny, but some mushroom pickers don't collect them, considering this a frivolous activity. But in vain, because in terms of taste they are quite good (and some types are even considered a delicacy) and have beneficial properties. However, some of the russula are quite pungent in taste when fresh (as a rule, they are distinguished by a provocative bright red color), and the bitterness can irritate the mucous membranes, which can easily cause symptoms of poisoning. But there are quite a few types of edible russula (their distinctive feature is that the pulp is not bitter or pungent, and is often pleasant to the taste), and listing them all would definitely not be enough in one article.

Different types of bruises have different periods of appearance. Some of them are early summer, some are late summer, and some are autumn. There are also russulas that bear fruit throughout the warm season.

Therefore, we can safely say that these mushrooms appear in our forests approximately from mid-June, but only disappear in mid-October.

And where they grow - it all depends on the specific species. But in principle, in any forest you can find some edible russula.

Butter

Another numerous genus of mushrooms, combining about four dozen different species. A couple of them (dozens) definitely grow in our country.

Boletus, along with russula, are one of the earliest summer mushrooms; moreover, they are known for the fact that they begin to appear together. Their only drawback is increased worminess (up to eight mushrooms per dozen), but nothing can be done about that, because the taste of butter mushrooms has always been excellent.

They grow in different forests, but are more inclined towards conifers. There are especially many butterflies in young, well-warmed pine forests. It is better to collect these mushrooms with cloth gloves, otherwise your hands will be stained with mushroom “snot” and dirt adhering to them.

Butterflies begin to grow from mid-June, and continue to appear almost until October. Their peak fruiting period is Aug. Sept.

Obabki

Despite the fact that boletus mushrooms are usually called obabki, that is, mushrooms with brown caps, according to science it is a whole genus of mushrooms, which includes not only brown boletus mushrooms, but also all kinds of red-headed boletus mushrooms. And what’s most interesting is that there are several types of both. However, the average mushroom picker has never bothered about their diversity, and distinguishes these mushrooms only by the color of their caps. Well, because some of them are found under birches, and some - under aspens.

boletus

Since from time immemorial these mushrooms have been called little ones, we will begin our review of this group with them.

Common boletus

Captured (in all its glory) in the photo above, which headlines the gag section. It is found, of course, in birch forests, or mixed ones, but always with an admixture of birch. It can also grow in the tundra - among dwarf birches, and often has a sprout that is taller than the latter, which is why it is jokingly called “overbirch birch” among tundra inhabitants.

Black boletus

It is very similar to the previous species, in fact it is its complete double, differing only in a slightly darker color. But it is better not to use this as a distinctive feature, because both boletus mushrooms are prone to variations in the color of the caps in the dark or light direction. Usually mushroom pickers cannot distinguish between the two at all.

It does not bear fruit for as long as an ordinary boletus, usually with July to September. In October it can hardly be found.

And there is one. It has the lightest color of all boletuses, and sometimes it is completely snow-white. It differs from its previous brothers in that it is drawn to damp, wetlands.

White boletuses growing from July to end of September.

Boletus

They differ from boletus mushrooms in that they form mycorrhiza with aspen. Well, and a brighter color of the hat.

Boletus yellow-brown

Probably the most common boletus (and the most beautiful). Despite its name, it is found not only under aspens, but also under birches, and sometimes in other deciduous forests.

Bears fruit from early June to September, in warm autumn it happens that in October.

But this fungus is absolutely indifferent to what tree it grows under. The only “requirement” is that this tree be deciduous. But most often it is found precisely in those forests where aspen grows.

Bears fruit from June to October. Appears en masse in three “waves”: at the end of June, in the middle of July, and in the second half of August - first half of September.

White boletus

It turns out that among the boletus mushrooms there is also a light (up to complete whiteness) variety, which, interestingly, is sometimes considered one of the most real porcini mushrooms (unlike the white boletus mushroom discussed recently). Perhaps this is due to the excellent taste characteristics of white boletus.

It’s funny, but this mushroom avoids deciduous forests, preferring to grow among pines and spruces. I have never come across it, although they say that this mushroom is periodically encountered in the Urals.

Collection time - from June to September.

They are very similar to boletus, but differ from the latter in having a dry, velvety cap. The taste of the mushrooms is quite good, but for some reason some mushroom pickers do not collect them, considering them mediocre.

Fruiting from mid-June to September.

Umbrellas

A very interesting group of mushrooms, among which there are both edible ones - with very high taste qualities, and frankly poisonous species. Unfortunately, due to the strong external similarity, only seasoned mushroom pickers can distinguish good umbrellas from bad ones. I strongly do not recommend that novice mushroom pickers get involved with umbrellas until they have the proper knowledge and experience.

The most recognizable of the edible umbrellas is variegated umbrella(depicted in the photo above) Grows in open places - meadows, pastures, forest edges. It is distinguished by a darkish cap, covered with variegated scales, and also by the fact that its flesh does not change color when pressed or cut.

begin to grow from mid-June, appearing in whole groups, and continue to appear until the first half of October.

Chanterelles

One of the few mushrooms that has a very pleasant quality - the complete absence of worms. But in terms of its taste, it is not for everyone, although it is very useful for the body, especially as a good natural anthelmintic.

It grows mainly in birch forests (no matter what anyone says, I have never seen it in other places); according to some information, it can form mycorrhiza with other trees.

For villagers, this mushroom is a good hack. They like to collect it in whole bodies, and then sell it to city residents at a very inflated price. They don’t eat it themselves, they say it’s tasteless.

Chanterelles bear fruit approximately from the end of June to September, however, there is a massive release of them in the first half of July.

Bitters

I admit, I have seen a lot of these mushrooms in my time, but I have never collected them and, moreover, I have never cooked them. This is how it happened in the Urals - alas, bitter mushrooms are considered the most toadstools. In general, this mushroom is considered second-rate even among its admirers. That is, if they take it, it is only when there is nothing else to collect.

Our Western colleagues, mushroom pickers, agree with us in this regard, and consider bitter mushrooms a generally inedible species. However, according to experts, it is quite possible to eat them - salted or pickled. But first you should soak it.

Bitterweeds grow in coniferous and deciduous forests, and I’ll tell you this - there are a lot of them there (since no one collects them).

These mushrooms bear fruit from late June to October.

I almost forgot! One unpleasant feature has been discovered behind bitters - they accumulate radionuclides very well. So, if you live in the Chernobyl protection zone, or somewhere near Chelyabinsk, it is better to refrain from collecting these mushrooms.

Mushrooms known to many (most from shopping). They love fertile soil rich in organic matter (manure, rotted plant debris, etc.). There are several types of these mushrooms, a couple of which are inedible, and a couple more are poisonous.

They are usually collected in meadows, as well as in gardens and parks. Some species are grown industrially and sold on an equally industrial scale.

Edible champignons growing from late June to September.

White

Briefly, we can say the following about them. Porcini mushrooms grow in different forests, both coniferous and deciduous, but the most prolific in this regard are dry, well-warmed birch forests, preferably with sandy soil.

They begin to bear fruit at the very end of June, but the most widespread appearance of fruiting bodies is observed in July- closer to August. September- the latest time when you can pick porcini mushrooms; they disappear in October.

Volnushki

They are pink waves. They are found in birch and mixed (with an admixture of birch) forests, preferring places with old trees. They are especially revered by mushroom pickers for their amazing (salted and pickled) taste, despite their conditional edibility (according to some reports, mushrooms are even mildly toxic) and noticeable causticity when fresh. To get rid of it, the mushrooms are especially thoroughly soaked and boiled.

The first waves are still appearing at the end of June, but the most massive fruiting of these mushrooms is observed twice during the summer - closer to August And in early September.

Gobies

Bull mushroom, aka valui. Actually, this is the most ordinary russula, albeit with its own “original” taste and smell characteristics, which do not allow it to be consumed fresh. Usually these mushrooms are collected when they are still young, with the cap not fully opened, and they are salted after preliminary soaking or boiling (otherwise it will be impossible to eat). However, properly prepared valui will outshine other salted mushrooms - this is what gourmets who know a lot about it say. But abroad this mushroom is considered inedible. Well, in vain.

The goby grows everywhere in our forests, preferring both coniferous and deciduous trees. It has been noticed that most of these mushrooms are found in birch forests or mixed forests with an admixture of birch.

Bears fruit from the beginning of July to the end of September.

Milk mushrooms

Quite a large group of mushrooms, which include not only real milk mushrooms from the genus Mlechnik (that is, those that produce milky juice when cut), but also a couple of representatives of the genus Russula (for example, dry milk mushrooms, which, by the way, is shown in the photo higher).

They all grow in different forests, but they prefer those that have birch (it seems like the most delicious milk mushrooms are found there).

Real milk mushroom

He is a raw milk mushroom. “The King of Mushrooms,” the hero of Russian folk tales, has been revered and respected by the people since ancient times. To this day it is considered the best mushroom for pickling. And perhaps no epithets are enough to describe the taste of salted milk mushrooms.

Found in birch forests or forests mixed with birch. Usually found in large groups. Very recognizable by the slightly pubescent edge of the cap (somewhat reminiscent of a giant white cap).

Growing from July to September, most massively - in August.

He is also a white loader. Being the most authentic russula, it does not have any caustic milky juice, and therefore it can be cooked without preliminary soaking or boiling. For this quality we are no less revered by mushroom pickers than true milk mushrooms. Dry milk mushrooms are also good for pickling, although it can also be stewed in sour cream, boiled with mycelium, or fried.

It forms mycorrhiza not only with birch, but also with other trees (including conifers), so it is found in a variety of forests. Loves clearings and forest edges.

Growing from July to October, massively - in September.

Yellow milk mushroom

It has a slightly yellowish color on the upper part of the cap - with slight variations in the light or dark side. It can be considered a variety of real milk mushroom, because in terms of taste it is actually not inferior to it. We are also revered in our country and in Eastern Europe. But Western Europe clearly underestimated its merits; there the yellow milk mushroom is considered inedible and almost poisonous.

Unlike real milk mushrooms, it gravitates more towards coniferous trees than towards deciduous trees. Often found under spruce trees, less often in pine forests. It can be found even more rarely in a birch forest.

Growing from July to October, massively - late summer-early autumn.

Black milk mushroom

He's a pig. The mushroom is very good in terms of taste, but for some reason some mushroom pickers neglect it. Suitable not only for pickling, but also for stewing or frying - with the obligatory preliminary soaking or boiling.

Just like most milk mushrooms, it breathes unevenly towards birch, so it is found in light birch forests and forests mixed with birch, preferring edges, clearings and other places well warmed by the sun.

Bears fruit from July to October, but most intensely - in August-September.

He is also a blue milk mushroom. It is named so because it quickly changes color when cut - from light yellow to purple. Outwardly similar to the yellow milk mushroom, but the color is more intense.

In terms of taste, it is almost at the same level as the real milk mushroom, and by some gourmets it is considered the best mushroom. Used purely for pickles.

Already from the name it is clear that this mushroom is found mainly in spruce forests, although it is often collected in mixed forests.

Starts to grow from the end of August. The whole thing bears fruit September- until the first days of October.

Belyanki

With white mushrooms, we will begin to look at those mushrooms that appear closer to autumn.

Whiteworts (also known as white moths) grow in birch forests and mixed coniferous-birch forests, and are often found in large groups. They like to hide in the grass and under leaves.

They are good for pickling, although they are not as tasty as true volushki. The acrid taste is eliminated by prolonged soaking and cooking.

They don’t bear fruit for as long as other mushrooms - about from mid-August to mid-September, however, they appear quite en masse.

Saffron milk caps are rightfully considered the best autumn mushrooms. Firstly, for its popularity, and secondly, for its excellent taste (even in Latin, saffron milk cap is called “delicious milkweed”). These mushrooms are especially good when salted.

There are three varieties - the well-known real camelina (in the photo), red camelina and spruce camelina. They are all very similar to each other and differ slightly in appearance. They prefer to grow in coniferous (pine or spruce) forests, especially young forest plantations.

The saffron milk caps begin to appear approximately from mid-August and continue until the very end of September. However, from time to time they can delight the mushroom picker with a short-term wave early July.

Honey mushrooms usually grow from the end of August to the end of October- three layers, but can give a wave and early July- under favorable conditions.

There is one type of honey fungus (though it has nothing to do with real honey mushrooms) that can grow at low temperatures. This is the so-called winter honey fungus. You can meet it on trees from autumn to spring. In warm, mild winters it bears fruit all season, but usually appears during thaws. Only experienced mushroom pickers collect it, because this honey mushroom has false poisonous “doubles” that are very similar to it. Abroad, it is cultivated as oyster mushrooms and champignons, where it is known under the Japanese name " enokitake". The cultivated form of the winter honey fungus is very different from the natural one - it has a white color, as well as thin, elongated legs and small caps.

greenfinch

The latest mushrooms on our list. They grow in coniferous forests or mixed ones, especially preferring dry pine forests with sandy or sandy loam soil. They are distinguished by their good taste and do not require any processing before cooking, except for thorough washing, since almost all collected greenfinches are always in the ground and sand.

Some gourmets consider these mushrooms especially tasty, but there is a small ambush here: all greenfinches, without exception, contain a small amount of toxins. If you eat them in small and moderate quantities with good breaks, the body (healthy) will cope with these toxins with a bang. However, if you get too carried away with greenfinches, you can get seriously poisoned.

Appear in early September and bear fruit until the first frost (in the south - to November, to the north - until the end of October). They often grow from under the first snow, which is why they are sometimes called “winter mushrooms.”

Mushroom calendar

And here is the mushroom calendar promised at the very beginning of this article. Let us summarize all of the above in the table below.

Note: The numbers under the abbreviated names of the months indicate their decades. Orange stripes indicate the time of fruiting of the mushroom, and yellow stripes indicate when this occurs en masse.

Mushrooms	Apr			May			Jun			Jul			Aug			Sep			Oct
	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3
Morels
Stitches
Butter
boletus
Boletus
Umbrellas
Chanterelles
Bitters
White
Volnushki
Gobies
Milk mushrooms
Dry milk mushrooms
Black milk mushrooms
Yellow milk mushrooms
Yelnichnye
Belyanki
greenfinch

Introduction

Last year my mother and I went to the “Silent Hunt”. From an old forest rich in mushrooms, they brought not only a lot of mushrooms, but also soil with mycelium and planted it near a young apple tree, which was growing very poorly. The yield of autumn honey fungus depends on weather conditions in a given season. But due to favorable weather for mushrooms, our mushrooms grew under a young apple tree this year and pleased us with an unusual harvest. And the apple tree came to life and noticeably increased in growth.

I was interested in watching mushrooms. And I decided to do research.

Goals. Study and observation of the growth of autumn honey fungus.

Tasks:

Conduct observation of the growth and development of autumn honey fungus in natural conditions growing on the territory of a personal plot;

Study mushrooms from various fields of science (biology, history, legends, folk signs, cooking, encyclopedia about poisonous and non-poisonous mushrooms).

Object of my research: autumn honey fungus.

Hypothesis: when creating favorable conditions for autumn mushrooms, they will grow quickly in the beds.

Autumn honey fungus

While my mushrooms were growing, I decided to learn more about them.

Ancient short-lived people.

Mushrooms have long been known to people. Manuscripts from the 16th and 17th centuries mention ritual ceremonies in which cap mushrooms were eaten, causing hallucinations. These mushrooms were revered as objects of divine origin.

The inhabitants of Guatemala, Mexico and Peru several thousand years ago had a cult of sacred mushrooms - idols. The Indians called mushrooms

“divine” and firmly believed that they could be used to determine the causes of diseases. The ancient Scandinavians also knew about some of the properties of mushrooms. Before a battle, they often simply ate fly agaric mushrooms and, getting very excited from this, rushed into battle without fear or hesitation. In Iranian mythology, the deified drink haoma played an important role. According to one hypothesis, this drink, which causes hallucinations and a temporary surge of strength, was made from fly agaric mushrooms and milk. Preparing and drinking haoma was considered a sacred act. Symbolizing immortality for believers. In ancient China, the zhi mushroom was considered a magic mushroom that bestows holiness and eternal life. Especially if it grew on or near thousand-year-old trees. With this mushroom in hand they depicted the immortal fairy Ma-gu, the patroness of all those in trouble. According to the Batak people from the island of Sumatra (Trap Indonesia), it was from mushrooms that the first people were raised by the gods. And the Orochi living in the Far East believe that the souls of newborn children descend to earth in the form of puffball mushrooms.

In addition to legends, there are also folk signs. For example, if there are a lot of mushrooms, it means a grain harvest;

Many stars for Christmas - for a mushroom harvest;

If there are a lot of midges, prepare a lot of baskets;

The panicles of oats have ripened and grown in the honey mushroom forest;

Mushrooms growing on the wall - to wealth;

If you dream of a mushroom, it means profit;

The abundance of mushrooms was timed to coincide with the war (According to the stories of a grandmother from Udmurtia, there were a lot of mushrooms in the summer and autumn of 1940.)

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Kingdom: Mushrooms

Department: Basidiomycetes

Class: Agaricomycetes

Order: Agariaceae

Family: Ordinary

Genus: Honey fungus

View: Autumn honey fungus.

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It is believed that the color of the cap depends on the substrate on which the mushroom lives. Honey mushrooms growing on poplar, white acacia, and mulberry have a honey-yellow hue, on oak trees - brownish, on elderberry - dark gray and on coniferous trees - reddish-brownish.

Sometimes honey mushrooms are saprophytes: they grow on stumps and on dead trees. In this case, a white glow of stumps is noted at night.

Widely distributed in the forests of the Northern Hemisphere from the subtropics to the north, absent only in permafrost areas. It prefers damp forests; it can especially often be found on trees and stumps growing in ravines. They also appear on stumps left after deforestation. In our area, after cutting around the stumps of birch, elm, alder, and aspen, they appear in 2-3 years, and after 8-10 years - on the stumps of oak and pine.

Season: end of August - beginning of winter, bears fruit most en masse in the first half of September or at an average daily temperature of +10C. Appears in two layers, each of which lasts 15-20 days.

When our mushrooms grew, my mother cooked them.

They were very tasty.

I would like to offer you a recipe for preparing a second dish of mushrooms:

« Mushrooms stewed with onions in a pot»

500 g mushrooms,

1 onion,

1/2 cup sour cream, pepper, salt, 1/2 tablespoon butter.

Cooking method:

Rub the inner walls of the pot with garlic, put butter on the bottom, place fresh mushrooms, cut into large pieces and mixed with chopped onions, pour sour cream on top. Cover the pot with juicy bread and simmer in a Russian stove or oven.

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A conditionally edible mushroom, if undercooked it can cause digestive disorders. In the West, honey fungus is unpopular and is considered of little value, sometimes even inedible. In Russia and the countries of Eastern Europe it is collected en masse, here it is considered one of the best agaric mushrooms. Many mushroom pickers select only young specimens for food. Honey fungus is valuable because it contains a large amount of vitamin B1. 100g is enough. Honey mushrooms, in order to fully satisfy the body's daily need for zinc and copper - elements that take an active part in hematopoiesis.

Being very ancient inhabitants of our planet, most mushrooms themselves are not long-livers.

No plant on earth grows so fast!

How many days does a mushroom grow?

I decided to measure every day and find out how quickly my honey mushroom will grow.

From the photographs taken, you can see how quickly he grew.

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4th day of observation.

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5th day of observation.

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7th day of observation.

Conclusion:

The honey fungus in our region, when favorable conditions are created, grows for seven days and grows up to 11 cm.

I really liked growing mushrooms. I noticed that trees and mushrooms are friends with each other. Thin, white, spider-web-like threads of the mycelium reach out to the roots of a young apple tree, entwine them, and grow together with them.

And when at school we planted a garden in the school plot, I also planted soil with mycelium there.

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"Let's make our school beautiful" campaign.

These are the mushrooms we grew in our school plot!

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Scientific and practical conference of students and teaching staff of municipal educational institutions

Saratov region

Research paper on the topic :

“How many days does a mushroom grow?”

I've done the work:

Municipal educational institution "Secondary school with. Yagodnaya Polyana"

3rd grade student

Supervisor:

biology teacher

What is the growth rate of mushrooms? Favorable and unfavorable conditions for the appearance of mushrooms. What affects the growth rate of mushrooms?

Do you know what the growth rate of mushrooms is? There is no clear answer to this question. No mushroom picker can definitely name the time when mushrooms appear after rain. Fans of quiet hunting have noticed that small mushrooms become adults in three to ten days. But this is not a dogma at all - it all depends on many factors. For example, forest insects that have settled in mushrooms interfere with the normal development of fruiting bodies. Fans of the mushroom diet know very well that in rainy autumn mushrooms grow quickly on the edges and clearings, and in dry autumn they should be looked for under trees in the shade.

The effect of temperature on the growth rate of fungi.

Many mushrooms begin to grow at temperatures of five degrees. At temperatures above thirty degrees, growth stops completely. At a constant temperature of at least 18 degrees for two weeks and sufficient humidity, intensive growth of mushrooms begins. At the optimal temperature, russula grows completely in two days. But if there is a significant temperature fluctuation between day and night, then the growth rate is noticeably reduced.

The effect of humidity on the growth rate of mushrooms.

The next important factor is soil and air moisture. In almost all fruiting bodies, the mycelium is located in the upper layers of forest soil at a depth of no more than ten centimeters. At optimal temperature and high humidity, the growth rate increases, and dry soil sharply reduces the growth rate. If, after an intense rainy period, drought occurs suddenly, the growth rate of fruiting bodies decreases.

The reason is that when the soil is saturated with moisture and low air humidity, intense evaporation of moisture begins. It is believed that for optimal growth, the required air humidity in the ground layer should be at least seventy percent.

Growth rate of some fungi.

On average, we can assume that most mushrooms in our forests grow to average size in five or six days. Then another ten to fourteen days pass until the fruiting body completely decomposes. Mushrooms with dryish flesh live several days longer. The leg stops growing two days earlier than the cap. In one day, the stem and cap of the fruiting body increase by one centimeter. Fans of quiet hunting have noticed that tubular mushrooms grow the fastest. By the way, the growth rate of fruiting bodies is exactly the same both at night and during the day.

• Oyster mushrooms grow no more than three days.
• Autumn honey mushrooms grow in just three days.
• Boletuses grow in four days.
• Butterflies grow in five days.
• Chanterelles mature in seven days.
• Boletus grows for at least nine days
• Boletus mushrooms grow in ten days.
• Milk mushrooms grow in twelve days.

The most interesting plant that a person uses for food is mushrooms, and the speed of its growth is very high, but as a rule, the speed of this growth is too high, by the mushroom pickers themselves. It’s just that during picking, some of the mushrooms do not reach the mushroom picker’s eyes and after passing through for a few hours, therefore, in the same place, he sees those missed and assumes that new ones have already grown!

If a mushroom picker comes to the mushroom picking site a few days later, he sees already overgrown, old mushrooms.
How fast do mushrooms grow?? Cap mushrooms grow the fastest, but within a day you can see how this or that mushroom has grown before your eyes, leaving a small porcini mushroom, boletus or aspen boletus until tomorrow.

In good weather conditions, boletus, boletus and russula can be collected every day in the same place, but generally the mushrooms grow for three to six days.

Mushrooms most often grow in the ground, without coming to the surface; when they appear on the surface of the earth, they are already almost fully formed. But they can grow for up to two weeks; infection with various larvae slows down the growth of mushrooms. The diameter of the cap increases by about a centimeter or one and a half per day, but this depends on many factors and the type of mushroom itself. Growth in height of mushrooms ends several days earlier than the growth of the cap in diameter, but in the first five to eight days growth occurs quite evenly, and a day after growth stops, the mushroom begins to collapse! Intense growth of mushrooms occurs at night; sunlight apparently does not affect the growth of mushrooms at all, but precipitation accelerates growth.

The average weight of mushrooms in the summer - autumn harvest and on the fourth day of growth, is approximately the same - goat and chanterelles - 9 grams; real milk mushroom - 79 g; russula - 12 g; wave - 17 g; boletus - 45 g; porcini mushroom - 160 g; flywheel - 33 g; boletus - 74 g; butter dish - 35 g;

What are the most favorable conditions for growth of various mushrooms? Many people mistakenly claim that a forest favorable for mushrooms is young. The roots of young trees are not so deep in the ground and are accessible to mushrooms, but in fact everything is different and the most suitable forest is an old forest with rich litter (humus), where the mycelium develops and in practice it has been proven that in old forests there are a lot of mushrooms more than in young people.

As a rule, the first mushrooms appear in the vicinity of large trees, where there are practically no small roots near the soil surface, and in young forests there are no mushrooms at this time. But we can distinguish mushrooms such as saffron milk caps and boletus mushrooms; they prefer to grow on the edges, closer to the light, and young forests are very suitable for them.

The weather depends on where mushrooms grow; if it is dry and there is no precipitation, then mushrooms should be looked for in low areas of the forest where there is moisture. But if, on the contrary, there is too much precipitation, then mushrooms grow in elevated places, because mushrooms cannot tolerate much or little moisture, and mushroom pickers pay attention to this.

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With the arrival of the summer season, a real mushroom picker wants to get out of the house, go to the forest, collect a good harvest and cook dinner from it. But in order to implement this idea, you need to know where to go and what time is best to pick mushrooms. They all grow best in warm, humid conditions, meaning the time after rain is ideal for harvesting. With how quickly mushrooms grow after rain, you can choose the best moment to go to the forest.

At what temperature do mushrooms grow?

The underground part of each mushroom, the mycelium, grows throughout the year. Frost or extreme heat is not a hindrance to this. For the formation of the above-ground part - the body of the fungus - moderate climatic conditions and a lot of moisture are required.

By observing the “behavior” of this plant, people managed to find out which mushrooms grow most likely and which ones grow very slowly. That's what came out of it:

1. Boletus grows several centimeters per day.
2. Porcini mushroom - after warm rain it reaches its usual size in 2-3 days.
3. Boletus - the mushroom needs 4-5 days to fully ripen.
4. Honey fungus – growth time is from a day to a week.
5. Chanterelle - you can wait three weeks for it to grow to the desired size.

All of these mushrooms will grow well if rain is accompanied by temperatures favorable for growth. The most comfortable temperature for their ripening is from 10 to 24 degrees. If this figure is less or more, you should not hope for a good mushroom harvest.

How many days do mushrooms grow after heavy rain?

A mushroom is a living organism. It absorbs both beneficial and harmful substances. If it grows in an ecologically clean area and optimal conditions are created for it, then after precipitation this growth accelerates significantly. In just a day, an ordinary mushroom can reach a significant size and can be picked. Knowing how many days mushrooms grow after rain, you can always arrive in the forest on time and enjoy what you love.

To ensure that picking mushrooms and their further consumption are completely safe, you should follow a few simple rules, namely:

• since mushrooms absorb absolutely all the substances with which they are surrounded, they should not be collected near roads or in overly polluted areas;
• The product will only be beneficial if you manage to collect the mushrooms before the end of their growth period - after which the decay process begins;
• Some inedible mushrooms are very similar to those that can be eaten, and therefore it is worth learning to distinguish them, and always being careful.

Mushroom pickers have three periods of the year when they can do what they love.

• The first begins at the end of May and lasts throughout the next month.
• The second will need to wait until the end of July, and the third in the fall, when the first leaves begin to fall.
• And the closer we get to autumn, the slower the mushrooms grow after rain, because it gets colder.

How long does it take for mushrooms to grow after rain?

On the second day after it starts to rain, you shouldn’t immediately take your basket and go into the forest. To begin with, it is worth analyzing the following parameters:

• how warm it was during the rain and after it;
• if someone goes for a specific type of mushroom, it is worth taking into account their intensity and growth characteristics;

You can go for porcini mushrooms, boletus and aspen mushrooms on second day after rain, but honey mushrooms and chanterelles will have to wait almost a whole week. It is imperative to go for mushrooms with a knife so as not to damage their root system. If you completely pull them out of the ground in a few years, their appearance in the forest will completely disappear. You also need to check all your finds for absence of damage - externally that this product can be eaten.

To find out how quickly mushrooms grow after rain, just ask experienced mushroom pickers and people who know the forest. Almost everyone knows at what temperature good mushrooms grow. If it is clear that the weather conditions are favorable for a good harvest, then you should not hesitate to go out into nature to search for mushrooms.

Mushrooms are plants that, due to their characteristics, have been combined into a separate kingdom. During rain and fog, they grow at an excellent speed - a day or several days. It’s especially good if the rain is light and warm, because then you can find entire glades with mushrooms in the forest. Now you have learned how quickly mushrooms grow after rain, and you will be able to boast of a naturally generous harvest, before other mushroom pickers.