The presentation presents material on explaining new material on the topic “Passive Voice”. The presentation helps the teacher explain new material in an accessible form - slides 1-7, and from slides 8 to 13 tests on the material are given, slide 14 - keys to these tests.
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Active and Passive Voices. Active and passive voices. Voice is a verb form that indicates whether the subject of the sentence is the producer or object of the action expressed by the predicate. As mentioned above, there are two voices in English: the Active Voice (active voice) and the Passive Voice (passive voice).
The passive voice is used when the doer of an action is obvious or insignificant, or when the action or its result is more interesting than the doer. The passive voice is formed using the verb to be in the appropriate tense and the III form of the verb (participle II).
PASSIVE VOICE Indefinite Continuous Perfect Present am is + V3 are am is + being + V3 are have (has) + been + V3 Past was + V3 were was + being + V3 were had + been + V3 Future shall + be + V3 will shall + have + been + V3 will Future-in-the-Past should + be + V3 should + have + been + V3 would
The interrogative form is formed by transfer (first) auxiliary verb in place before the subject, for example: When was the work done? Has the work been done? The negative form is formed using the negation not, which is placed after the first auxiliary verb, for example: The work was not done last week. The work will not be done tomorrow.
Let's compare the active voice with the passive voice: Active Voice Tom delivers the mail. Tom delivers the mail. Tom delivered the mail. Tom delivered the mail. Tom will deliver the mail. Tom will deliver the mail. Passive Voice The mail is delivered by Tom. The mail is delivered by Tom. The mail was delivered by Tom. The mail was delivered by Tom. The mail will be delivered by Tom. Mail will be delivered by Tom.
As in Russian, a noun that plays the role of an object in an active voice sentence usually becomes the subject in a passive voice sentence. If in phrases with the passive voice the producer of the action is indicated, then in Russian it is indicated by the instrumental case, and in English it is preceded by the preposition by. The addition with the preposition with expresses the instrument of action: Shafts are turned with cutters. The shafts are turned with cutters. The use of tense in the English passive voice is not fundamentally different from its use in the active voice.
When translating the passive voice into Russian, the following options are possible: 1. Short form of the passive participles I am invited to a party. I'm invited to the party. 2. Verbs ending in -sya- All observations were made by a team of famous scientists. All observations were carried out by a group of famous scientists. 3. Indefinite personal sentences (this method of translation is applicable only in cases where the producer of the action is not mentioned in the English passive voice). We were asked to come as early as possible. We were asked to arrive as early as possible.
Choose the correct answer: 1. A new book _____ by that company next year. 1/ will publish 2/ will be published 2/is publishing 2 . When the manager arrived, the problem ____ 1/had already been solved 2/ had already solved 3/ had solved 3 . In more than 200 years the USA Constitution _____ 26 times. 1/is amended 2/ is being amended 3/ has been amended 4 . They _____ this clock now. 1/ are repaid 2. are repairing 3/ are being repaired 5 . It"s a big company. It _____ two hundred people. 1/ is employed 2/ employs 3/employing
Test 1. Choose the correct answer: 6. Our plan _____ by the members of the committee. 1/ considers 2/ is being considered 3/is considered 7 . This is a large hall. Many parties _____ here. 1/ are held 2/ are being held 3/ has been held 8 . I don"t think we must _____ everything tomorrow. 1/ finish 2/ have finished 3/be finished 9. America"s first college, Harvard, _____ in Massachusetts in 1636. 1/ is being founded 2/ had been founded 3/ was founded on 10. The university of Michigan is one of the best universities in the United States and it _____ in Ann Arbor. 1/located 2/location 3/ is located
Choose the correct answer: 11. The secretary _____ to her new boss yesterday . 1/ introduced 2/ was introduced is introduced 12. A prize _____ to whoever solves this equation. 1/will be giving 2/ will be given 3/ gives 13 . Tom _____ his key. 1/has lost 2/has been lost 3/was lost 14 . A cinema is a place where films _____ 1/ show 2/ are shown 3/have been shown 15 . A new supermarket _____ next year. 1/will be built 2/ will be built 3/ is building
Test: Choose the correct answer 1. The window is broken. a) The window is broken. b) The window was broken. c) The window will be broken. 2. The window was broken. a) The window is broken. b) The window was broken. c) The window will be broken. 3. The window will be broken. a) The window is broken. b) The window was broken. c) The window will be broken. 4 . A stone is thrown. a) The stone is thrown. b) The stone was thrown. c) The stone will be thrown. 5 . The film will be watched. a) The film was seen. b) The film will be seen. c) The film is seen.
Test2: Choose the correct answer 6. The house will be built n. a) The house will be built. b) The house is built. c) The house was built. 7. The house is being built. a) The house is built. b) The house is being built. c) The house was built. 8. The house took some time to build. a) The house is being built. b) The house was being built. c) The house was built. 9. The article has been read. a) The article is read. b) The article was read. c) The article was being read. 10. The article is being read. a) The article is read. b) The article is being read. c) The article was read.
Test: Choose the correct answer 11. The article has been read. a) The article was read. b) The article is read. c) The article was being read. 12. The article was read for some time. a) The article was read. b) The article is read. c) The article was being read. 13. The article will be read. a) The article is read. b) The article will be read. c) The article was read.
Keys: Test 1: 1-2, 2-1, 3-3, 4-2, 5-2, 6-2; 7-1; 8-1; 9-3; 10-3; 11-2; 12-2; 13-1; 14-2; 15-1. Test 2: 1) a; 2) b; 3)c; 4)a; 5) b; 6)a; 7) b; 8)b; 9) a; 10) b; 11) a; 12) c; 13)b.
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Slide no. 2
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In English, there are two ways to describe the same actions: using the active voice (The Active Voice) and the passive voice (The Passive Voice). Compare: Tense Subject Verb Object Simple Present Active: Rita writes a letter. Passive: A letter is written by Rita. Simple Past Active: Rita wrote a letter. Passive: A letter was written by Rita. Future Active: Rita will write a letter. Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.
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The passive voice is formed using the verb to be in the required person, number, tense and III form of the main verb (Participle II): Simple Present Simple Past Future am is (not) are was Were will (not) be Participle II (III form,- ed) When it is important who (or what) performed (performed) an action, the preposition by is used: She was given flowers by Steve. (not)
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Make Passive sentences in Simple Present. 1. the window / open 2. the shoes / buy 3. the car / wash 4. the letter / send 5. the book / read / not 6. the songs / sing / not 7. the shop / close / not
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Make Passive sentences in Simple Past. 1. the cat / feed 2. the test / write 3. the table / set 4. the house / build 5. dinner / serve 6. this computer / sell / not 7. the tables / clean / not
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Make Passive sentences in Future. 1. the exhibition / visit 2. the windows / clean 3. the message / read 4. the photo / take 5. these songs / sing 6. a dictionary / use / not 7. credit cards / accept / not
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Make Active sentences to Passive: Simple Present 1. He opens the door. - 2. We set the table. - 3. She pays a lot of money. - 4. I draw a picture. - 5. He doesn't open the book. – 6. You do not write the letter. - 7. Does the police officer catch the thief? -
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Make Active sentences to Passive: Simple Past 1. She sang a song. - 2. We stopped the bus. - 3. A thief stole my car. - 4. They didn't let him go. - 5. She didn't win the prize. - 6. I didn’t tell them. - 7. Did he send the letter? -
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Make Active sentences to Passive: Simple Future 1. Jane will buy a new computer. - 2. Millions of people will visit the museum. - 3. You will not do it. - 4. They will not show the new film. - 5. They will not ask him. - 6. Will the company employ a new worker? -
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Slide no. 11
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Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Simple Present. 1. He (sell) cars. 2. The blue car (sell). 3. In summer, more ice-cream (eat) than in winter. 4. She (call) her grandparents every Friday. 5. The letters (type). 6. We (go) to school by bus. 7. She (work / not) for a bank.
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Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Simple Past. 1. They (visit) their granny. 2. We (visit) by our teacher. 3. She (go) to school in Boston. 4. The new shopping center (build) last year. 5. The film (produce / not) in Hollywood. 6. Barbara (know) James very well. 7. We (spend / not) all day on the beach.
Slide no. 13
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The Passive Voice
The Passive Voice PASSIVE VOICE SHOWS THAT THE SUBJECT IS SUBJECT TO THE INFLUENCE OF ANOTHER PERSON OR THING. The houses are built every year. THE PASSIVE VOICE FORM IS FORMED WITH THE HELP OF THE AUXILIARY VERB TO BE AND THE PARTICIPLE OF THE II SENSIBLE VERB.
The Passive Voice WHEN FORMING VISUAL - TEMPORARY FORMS ONLY THE VERB TO BE CHANGES Active Voice Passive Voice I ask - I ask. I am asked - They ask me. I asked - I asked. I was asked - I was asked. I will ask - I will ask. I will be asked - They will ask me.
The Passive Voice PARTICIPLE II OF REGULAR VERBS IS FORMED WITH THE HELP – ED: Ask ed , creat ed , explain ed , finish ed … IRREGULAR VERBS MUST BE LEARNED BY MEMORY OR REFER TO THE TABLE OF IRREGULAR VERBS: built, shown, made, written, sent…
The Passive Voice If it is mentioned who performed the action, then the preposition by is used. If it is indicated how the action was performed, the preposition with is used. Donald Duck was created by Walt Disney. Rice is eaten with chopsticks in China.
Tense forms in the passive voice. Simple Progressive Perfect Perfect Progressive Present USUALLY ALWAYS EVERY DAY AM IS ASKED ARE ASKED NOW STILL AM IS BEING ASKED ARE ASKED ALREADY (RESULT) HAVE HAS BEEN ASKED ASKED INSTEAD OF THE MISSING FORM PERFECT PROGRESSIVE USED PERFECT Past YESTERDAY TO ONCE UPON A TIME WAS WERE ASKED WAS ASKED WAS ASKED AT THE EXACT TIME I ARRIVED WAS BEING ASKED WERE WERE ASKED BY THAT MOMENT ALREADY HAD BEEN ASKED ASKED WAS ASKED Future TOMORROW WILL BE ASKED SHALL WILL BE ASKED WILL BE ASKED INSTEAD OF THE MISSING FORM FUTURE PROGRESSIVE USED FUTURE SIMPLE BY THE TIME WILL HAVE BEEN ASKED WILL BE ASKED BE V3 BE BEING V3 HAVE BEEN V3
The Passive Voice In the passive voice, the following verbs leave behind certain prepositions: to laugh at to send for to look for to remind of to speak of to ask for to speak to operate on to think of to listen to to look after to turn to smb. for smth.
The Passive Voice TO ASK A GENERAL QUESTION TO A SENTENCE IN PASSIVE VOICE, YOU MUST PUT THE FIRST AUXILIARY VERB BEFORE THE SUBJECT: Was Sasha met by Mr. Garret at the airport? TO ASK A SPECIAL QUESTION TO A SENTENCE IN PASSIVE VOICE, YOU MUST PUT A SPECIAL QUESTION WORD BEFORE THE FIRST AUXILIARY VERB: Where was Sasha met by Mr. Garret?
The Passive Voice Translate into English: The doctor has been sent for. The stadium has been under construction for three years. The picture is often looked at. The letters will be read tomorrow. New books are being published. The calculator is made in China. When was America discovered? The dictation was written by two o'clock.
The Passive Voice Translate into Russian: What is your bag made of? The newspaper is being looked through. What state of the USA is located in the Pacific Ocean? The theater has been built for three years. The rule was explained at the previous lesson. The film had been discussed before you came.
The Passive Voice Thank you for your time.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Passive Voice Passive voice shows that the person or thing expressed by the subject experiences the action on itself: The big cake was baked by Sam. The passive voice is used when the performer of an action is obvious or unimportant, when the action or its result is more interesting than the performer.
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The following are not used in the passive voice: 1) Intransitive verbs, because with them there are no direct objects that could become subjects of a verb in the Passive form. Transitional in English. in the language, verbs are called that are followed by a direct object in the active voice; in Russian this is an addition that answers questions in the accusative case - whom? what?: to build, to see, to take, to open, etc. Intransitive verbs are those verbs that do not require a direct object after themselves: to live to live, to come to come, to fly to fly, cry to cry, etc. 2) Linking verbs: be - to be, become - to become/become. 3) Modal verbs. 4) Some transitive verbs cannot be used in the passive voice. In most cases, these are state verbs, such as: to fit, to fit, to have, to lack, to lack, to like, to resemble, to resemble, to suit, to suit, to suit
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The passive voice in English is used, as a rule, with transitive verbs, i.e. with verbs that have an object after them: 1) A number of English verbs can have two objects - direct and indirect. The most common ones are to tell, to give, to offer, to show, to pay, to promise, to send, to teach, to allow, to ask, to answer, to forgive, to invite, to advise. Such verbs form double constructions in the passive voice. A very good job was offered to me. I was offered a very good job. 2) Many verbs in English are used with an object that has a preposition. In such cases, the preposition takes place after the verb in the passive voice. The doctor was sent for. This film is much spoken about.
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The verbs to read, to sell, to wash, to clean, to peel, to crease, to break, to deform, to wear, to burn are used in the active voice, although they have a passive meaning. This dress washes and wears well and doesn’t crease. Love stories sell well. Dry leaves burn well. Verbs such as: to have, to chance, to happen, to seem, to appear, to lack, to become, to fit, to suit, to resemble are not used in the passive voice, since they do not denote an action (or process) , but the state of a person or object. John resembles his father. He has become a real professional. The prepositions of, from, with, by are often used with passive constructions. I was interrupted by a loud knock on the door. My country house is made of wood. This pie is made from eggs, milk and flour. He was shot with a gun.
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* PASSIVE VOICE Simple Progressive Perfect P.P Future will + be + V3, V (ed) Will be + being+ V3, V (ed) will have been +V3, V(ed) Present Am/is/are V3, V(ed) Am/is/are + +being+V3, V (ed) Have / has been + V3, V (ed) Past Was/were V3, V(ed) was / were + being+ V3, V(ed) Had been + V3, V(ed)
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Active Passive When rewriting active sentences in passive, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive A: Somebody cleans this room every day. OBJECT P: This room is cleaned every day. SUBJECT
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the verb BE has to be in the same tense as in active sentence A: Someone stole my sister’s bike yesterday. P: My sister’s bike was stolen yesterday. stole – past simple => BE = was/were to show who did the action, we use BY This house was built by my grandfather.
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to show who did the action, we use BY This house was built by my grandfather. I => me she => her you => you he => him we => us they => them I opened the door. => The door was opened by me. She cleans the room.=> The room is cleaned by her.
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Translate the verbs in Passive 1. A lot of houses (built) in Moscow. 2. When (was written) this letter? 3. Many places of interest (visited) by tourists. 4. When (was translated) this article? 5. English (spoken) in many countries of the world. 6. The student (ask) many questions by the teacher now. 7. The film (shown) when we entered the hall. 8. The device (has been tested) by last month.
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Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Simple Present or Simple Past. The Statue of Liberty (give) to the United States by France. It (be) a present on the 100th anniversary of the United States. The Statue of Liberty (design) by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. It (complete) in France in July 1884. In 350 pieces, the statue then (ship) to New York, where it (arrive) on 17 June 1885. The pieces (put) together and the opening ceremony (take) place on 28 October 1886. The Statue of Liberty (be) 46 m high (93 m including the base). The statue (represent) the goddess of liberty. She (hold) a torch in her right hand and a tablet in her left hand. On the tablet you (see / can) the date of the Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776). Every year, the Statue of Liberty (visit) by many people from all over the world.
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ACTIVE or PASSIVE? The window (break)_________________. Someone (cook) _________ a meal in the kitchen right now. We (ask)_________________ several questions by the police tonight. My cat (run over) _____________ by the milk van. This homework (must do)___________ tonight. Poems (write) ________________________________ in every culture. People all over the world (know)___________ her name. The truck (loot)_____________________________________________ when the police arrived. The guests (serve)___________ some tea after they had a seat. The students (do) ____________ these exercises before. is broken/ was broken is cooking were asked / will be asked was run over must be done are written / were written/ have been written Know/ knew was being looted/ had already been looted were served have done
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Change the following into Passive 1. They sell milk in this shop. 2. I have translated the whole text. 3. They broke the window last week. 4. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 5. We shall do the work in the evening. 6. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 7. They were playing tennis from four till five. 8. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory. 9. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century. 10. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees. 11. They will stage this play at the beginning of next season. 12. They have forgotten the story.
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Change the following into Passive. 1. Did they tell her the story? 2. What must we do about this? 3. What questions did they ask? 4. Has anyone changed the curtains yet? 5. Where did they park the car? 6. Will anyone tell him about the accident? 7. Has anyone dusted that blackboard yet? 8. Who is cleaning my room?
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Choose the correct answer 1. Hazel won the lottery. A. The lottery had been won by Hazel. B. The lottery was won by Hazel. C. The lottery is won by Hazel.
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2. The police interrogated Bryan. A. Bryan is interrogated by the police. B. Bryan was interrogated by the police. C. Bryan had been interrogated by the police.
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3. Peter has paid for the pizza. A. The pizza was paid for by Peter. B. The pizza has been paid for by Peter. C. The pizza is paid for by Peter.
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4. Joy will meet you at the airport. A. You will have met Joy at the airport. B. You would be met by Joy at the airport. C. You will be met by Joy at the airport.
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5. People highly respect his opinion. A. His opinion will be highly respected. B. His opinion was highly respected. C. His opinion is highly respected.
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6. Amanda upset me by what she said. A. I am upset by what he said. B. I was upset by what Amanda said. C. I would be upset by what Amanda said.
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7. He is going to inform us later. A. We would be informed by him later. B. We are going to be informed by him later. C. We were going to be informed by him later.
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8. The police arrested 10 rioters last night. A. Ten rioters were going to be arrested last night. B. Ten rioters were arrested last night. C. Ten rioters should have been arrested last night.
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9. The Doctor may visit us next week. A. We may be visited by the Doctor next week. B. We maybe visited by the Doctor next week. C. We must be visited by the Doctor next week.
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10. Studying hard could have helped you. A. You could have helped by studying hard. B. You could have been helped by studying hard. C. You could be helped by studying hard.