The Unified State Exam essay in social studies is considered one of the most difficult tasks when passing the exam. According to statistics, only every sixth graduate copes with it. For completing the task you can score from 3 to 5 points. To avoid losing them, it is extremely important to carefully prepare for the written part of the exam. Let's look at some examples below. typical mistakes when completing this task.

Verification criteria

An essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies is written based on one of the selected statements. The assignment contains six quotes. Ready-made essays in social studies are assessed in stages. The very first and most important criterion is K1. The disclosure of the meaning of the selected statement is assessed. If the graduate does not identify the problem posed by the author, the examiner gives zero points for criterion K1. In such cases, finished social studies essays are not evaluated further. For other criteria, the reviewer automatically gives zero points.

Social studies essay structure

The task is performed according to the following scheme:

1. Quote.
2. Determination of the problem raised by the author and its relevance.
3. The meaning of the selected statement.
4. Expressing your own point of view.
5. Using arguments at a theoretical level.
6. Provide at least two examples from social practice, literature/history that confirm the correctness of the judgments made.
7. Conclusion.

Quote selection

When determining the topic on which an essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies will be written, the graduate must be sure that he:

1. Knows the basic concepts of the subject.
2. Clearly understands the meaning of the quote used.
3. Can express his opinion (partially or completely agree with the chosen statement, refute it).
4. Knows the social science terms that are necessary for a competent justification own position at the theoretical level. Here it is necessary to take into account that the selected concepts should not go beyond the topic of the social studies essay. It is necessary to use appropriate terms.
5. Can support his own opinion with practical examples from social life or from literature/history.

Problem Definition

Here we should immediately give examples. An essay in social studies (USE) can reveal problems from the following areas:

• Philosophy.
• Families.
• Sociology.
• Political Science.
• Jurisprudence.
• Economics, etc.

Problems in the philosophical aspect:

• The relationship between consciousness and matter.
• Development and movement as ways of existence.
• The infinity of the cognitive process.
• The relationship between nature and society.
• Theoretical and empirical levels of scientific knowledge.
• The spiritual and material aspects of social life, their relationship.
• Culture as a transformative activity of people in general.
• The essence of civilization and so on.

Social Studies Essay: Sociology

When writing, you can reveal the following problems:

• Social struggle and inequality.
• The relationship between subjective and objective factors that influence processes in people’s lives.
• The meaning of material and spiritual values.
• Maintaining stability in public life.
• Features of the city.
• Youth as a community.
• The social nature of thinking, knowledge, and human activity.
• Interaction between society and religion.
• Features of socialization of younger generations.
• Historical inequality between men and women.
• organizations.
• and so on.

Psychology

As part of writing a social studies essay, a person can act as a key object of study. In this case, problems such as:

• Interpersonal communication, essence and tasks to be solved.
• Psychological climate in the team.
• Relationships between an individual and a separate group.
• Norms, roles, personality status.
• National identity.
• The importance of the communication process.
• The essence of social conflict.
• Inconsistency between the aspirations and capabilities of the individual.
• Sources of social progress.
• Family.

A social science essay may also address specific functions of the science in question.

Political science

This social studies essay topic may cover the following issues:

• Authoritarian regime.
• Subjects of politics.
• Places and roles of the state in the system.
• Modern political interactions.
• Totalitarian regime.
• Relationships between politics, law and the economic sphere.
• Origin of the state.
• Political regime (through the disclosure of its concepts and features).
• State sovereignty.
• Civil society (through the disclosure of structure, characteristics, concepts).
• Party systems.
• Socio-political movements, pressure groups.
• Essences of a democratic regime.
• Mutual responsibility of the individual and the state.
• Political pluralism.
• Separation of powers as a principle of the rule of law.
• and so on.

Economic system

Another common science that can address issues in a social studies essay is economics. In this case, questions such as:

• The contradiction between the unlimited needs of people and the limited resources.
• Production factors and their significance.
• Capital as an economic resource.
• The essence and functions of the monetary system.
• Efficient use of existing resources.
• The meaning of division of labor.
• The role of trade in the process of social development.
• Efficiency and production incentives.
• The essence of market relations.
• State regulation of the economy, etc.

Legal discipline

Within science, a number of key problems can be identified and any of them can be addressed in a social studies essay:

• Law as a regulator of people's lives.
• The essence and specific features of the state.
• Social significance of law.
• The political system and the definition of the role of the state in it.
• Similarities and differences between morality and law.
• Welfare state: concept and characteristics.
• Legal nihilism and methods of overcoming it.
• Civil society and the state.
• Concept, signs and composition of offenses, classification.
• Legal culture, etc.

Cliché phrases

In addition to revealing the problem, the structure of an essay in social science suggests an indication of its relevance in modern world. To effectively implement this task, you can introduce cliche phrases into your text: “Given in the conditions ...

• globalization of relations in society;
• the controversial nature of inventions and scientific discoveries;
• worsening global problems;
• formation of a unified economic, educational, information field;
• strict differentiation in society;
• dialogue of cultures;
• modern market;
• the need to preserve traditional cultural values ​​and the nation’s own identity.”

Important point

In an essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies, as well as in written assignments in other subjects, you should periodically return to the problem raised. This is necessary for its fullest disclosure. In addition, periodic mention of the problem will allow you to stay within the topic and prevent reasoning and the use of terms that are not related to the chosen statement. The latter, in particular, is one of the common mistakes of graduates.

Main thought

In this part of the essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies, the essence of the statement should be revealed. However, it should not be repeated verbatim. You can also use cliche phrases here:

• "The author is convinced that..."
• "The meaning of this statement is..."
• "The author focuses on..."

Determining your own position

In an essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies, you can agree with the author’s opinion partially or completely. In the first case, it is necessary to refute with reason the part with which the conflict of opinion arose. Also, the writer can completely deny the statement or argue with the author. You can also use a cliche here:

• “I agree with the author’s opinion that...”
• “I partly adhere to the expressed point of view regarding ..., but I cannot agree with ....”
• "In my opinion, the author clearly depicted the picture modern society(the situation in Russia, one of the problems in the modern world)..."
• “I beg to differ with the author’s position that...”

Arguments

An essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies must contain a substantiation of the writer’s expressed opinion. In this part, it is necessary to recall the key terms related to the problem and theoretical provisions. Argumentation should be carried out at two levels:

1. Theoretical. In this case, the basis will be social science knowledge (opinions of thinkers/scientists, definitions, concepts, directions of concepts, terms, relationships, etc.).
2. Empirical. Two options are allowed here: use events from your life or examples from literature, social life, history.

In the process of selecting facts that will serve as arguments for your own position, you need to answer the following questions:

1. Do the examples support the opinions expressed?
2. Do they agree with the thesis stated?
3. Can they be interpreted in a different way?
4. Are the facts convincing?

By following this scheme, you can control the adequacy of examples and prevent deviations from the topic.

Conclusion

He must complete the essay. The conclusion summarizes the main ideas, sums up the reasoning, confirms the correctness or incorrectness of the statement. He should not convey verbatim the quotation that became the topic of the essay. When formulating, you can use the following cliches:

• "To summarize, I would like to note..."
• "It can therefore be concluded that..."

Decor

We should not forget that an essay is a short composition. It must be distinguished by semantic unity. In this regard, a coherent text should be formed and logical transitions should be used. Also, we should not forget about the correct spelling of terms. It is advisable to break the text into paragraphs, each of which reflects a separate idea. The red line must be observed.

additional information

Your essay may include:

• Brief information about the author of the quote. For example, information that he is an “outstanding Russian scientist,” “a famous French educator,” “the founder of an idealistic concept,” and so on.
• Indication of alternative ways to solve a problem.
• Description of different opinions or approaches to an issue.
• An indication of the polysemy of concepts and terms that are used in the text with justification for the meaning in which they were applied.

Job requirements

Among the variety of existing approaches to writing technology, a number of conditions that must be met should be highlighted:

1. Adequate understanding of the meaning of the statement and the problem.
2. Correspondence of the text to the issue raised.
3. Identification and disclosure of key aspects pointed out by the author of the statement.
4. A clear definition of your own opinion, attitude to the problem, to the position expressed in the quote.
5. Correspondence of the disclosure of aspects to the given scientific context.
6. Theoretical level of substantiation of one's own opinion.
7. Having meaningful facts personal experience, social behavior, public life.
8. Logic in reasoning.
9. Absence of terminological, ethnic, factual and other errors.
10. Compliance with language norms and genre requirements.

There are no strict limits on the length of the essay. It depends on the complexity of the topic, the nature of thinking, experience, and level of training of the graduate.

Mistakes in formulating the problem

The most common shortcomings are:

1. Misunderstanding and inability to identify the problem in a statement. On the one hand, this is due to an insufficient amount of knowledge in the discipline to which the statement relates, and on the other, to an attempt to fit previously reviewed, written or read works to the identified issue.
2. Inability to formulate the problem. This error is usually associated with a small vocabulary and terminology in basic sciences.
3. Inability to formulate the essence of a quote. It is explained by misunderstanding or incorrect understanding of the content of the statement and the lack of necessary social science knowledge.
4. Replacing the problem with the position of the author. This error occurs due to the fact that the graduate does not see or understand the difference between them. The problem in the essay is the topic on which the author discusses. It is always voluminous and extensive. They can speak out on it different opinions, often completely opposite. The meaning of the statement is the author’s personal position on the issue. The quote is just one of many opinions.

Shortcomings in defining and justifying your position

The absence of arguments confirming the graduate’s position indicates ignorance or ignorance of the requirements for the structure of the essay. Frequent mistakes when using concepts, there is an unjustified narrowing or expansion of the meaning of the term, the substitution of some definitions for others. Incorrect handling of information indicates an inability to analyze experience. Often the examples given in the text are loosely related to the problem. The lack of a critical perception of information obtained from the Internet and the media leads to the use of unverified and unreliable facts as justification. Another common mistake is a one-sided view of certain social phenomena, indicating an inability to identify and formulate cause-and-effect relationships.

Writing a competent mini-essay on social studies is extremely important when testing the Unified State Exam. Moreover, it is not so much the writing itself that is important, but the ability to write essays in principle. You must understand that this skill is important for completing, in principle, part 2 of the Unified State Examination test. Well, can you, for example, complete task 25 if you don’t know the terms? No. Likewise, in a social studies essay you need to be able to use terms.

In November 2015, we conducted a study, the materials of which contained methods for writing essays. It's also in the video course. "Social science. Unified State Examination for 100 points".

Well, if you want to check your existing essay, or practice writing it, as well as practice in other tasks: you are welcome to receive materials.

Below is an example of an essay on social studies, written according to all the rules and canons. Moreover, the example of this essay is different from the one I gave. Blue indicates the explanation of the problem, as well as its aspect; red - theoretical argumentation, green - factual argumentation, brown - conclusions. An example essay was written by me yesterday in our Unified State Exam preparation courses with a detailed explanation to the student of how exactly what needs to be done.

« The majority has power, but not the right: the minority always has the right.”

This statement raises the problem of the relationship between the influence of the majority (for example, those who voted for something) and taking into account the opinion of the minority when exercising power; as well as the problem of realizing rights. This problem relevant for both democratic and non-democratic regimes.

Let's consider this statement from the standpoint of elite theory. According to this theory, society is divided into an elite (an organized minority) and a governed class, which includes the majority of people. The majority of people can either support the existing elite, and then it has the right to make government decisions. In this case, political scientists talk about the legitimacy of power. Or the majority may not support the existing elite, and then we can talk about a crisis of legitimacy. In any case, this statement has a real basis: the majority has the power to choose one or another political elite, and at the same time transfer to it (the elite) the right to make nationally significant decisions.

We wrote above that this statement can be true for both a democratic regime and a non-democratic regime. Let's look at some examples.

Thus, modern USA carries out an explicit foreign policy aimed at destabilizing the balance in the world. Examples of this policy include the Arab Spring in Libya in 2011, when it was overthrown by Muammar Gaddafi, or two years later the same fate befell Egypt.

If we talk about non-democratic states, an example is the policy of Nazi Germany in the period from 1933 to 1945, which was de facto supported by the majority of Germans.

On the other hand, there is another aspect to this statement that is relevant only for a democratic regime. Namely, when voting on a decision, the majority has both the power and the right to make it. But at the same time, the opinion of the minority who has the right to do so is taken into account.

For example, when elected to the country's parliament, the party that wins the election takes the largest number of seats. But parties that received fewer votes also receive seats in Parliament. This is the right of the minority to have its opinion taken into account.

But for non-democratic regimes, this situation does not apply, since after a decision is made, if the minority claims any rights to revise it, it (the minority), as a rule, is subject to repression. This happened in Nazi Germany, in the USSR during the Stalinist period, and in Cambodia under Paul Pot.

Thus, the statement stated in the topic of the essay is only partly true: when considering political life from the point of view of the theory of elites, if we understand the majority of citizens of the state, and the minority as the elite, then the statement is true: the majority has power, and the minority has the right. But when considering the statement from the standpoint of electoral technologies, it is true only for democracy, and not true for non-democratic regimes.

We continue to analyze the results of the 2016 Unified State Exam in Social Studies, and in this section we will turn to one of the social studies essays written by graduates. We have the opportunity to study how experts rated it and discuss it together.

An essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies is THREE criteria and 5 points!

A little about the essay on the Unified State Exam

As always, the problems raised in these quotes look classic:

• character and assessment
• social significance ways to increase its effectiveness;
• and its stages;
• participation in
• relationship and role of laws in life

And questions related to such a complex concept as we completely understood

According to the compilers of the texts of the Unified State Exam assignments in social studies, from our favorite one, a graduate can spend approximately 45 minutes:

We hope that this is without the time that the graduate will spend rewriting the answer in answer form number 2.

Essay on the Unified State Exam 2016

Now let's look at the real essay completed by the graduate at the Unified State Exam 2016 and its expert assessment. Here is the breakdown of assignments that a graduate who turned to us for help in preparing an appeal for evaluation of the written part of the exam received:

Long answer part: (0(2)2(2)0(3)2(3)1(3)2(3)2(3)0(3)1(1)0(2)1(2))

In this case, we are interested in the last three assessments - for three criteria. Let us recall them:

That is, 1 point was received for the first key criterion, which made it possible to qualify for points for the remaining two criteria. Recall that if for the first criterion set to 0, no further points can be earned. The theory received a score of 0, and the practical examples received a score of 1 out of two possible.

Now let's turn to this real essay written by a graduate of the Unified State Exam in social studies:

Let's analyze this essay:

Your essay, in my subjective opinion, has been adequately checked.

Behind Criterion 2(theoretical argumentation) there really is nothing to bet. Quote from the field of “Economics”, and you don’t say a word about the factors influencing the level of his qualifications, or about the usefulness of such a worker (qualified), about whom we're talking about in the quote.

Behind Criterion 3(actual examples) I wouldn't put anything at all. You write that Chatsky is an example of importance and skills, and you don’t give any reasons for this statement? He further applies them to you, where the importance is not at all visible... What you call an example from life is not one at all. It sounds very vague that the highest (what?) will allow you to receive causal benefits. There are a million examples of the opposite in the world, and a million when people with absolutely no education became millionaires. But the quote is not about this, but about the quality of the employee, about why he needs to improve his skills...

Unfortunately, you have none of this. You do not indicate or even see the problem with the quotation, and this, of course, first of all, will not be a reason to increase your score on the appeal!

And now a look at your essay through the FIPI recommendations for experts:

Reasons for a higher score:

1. When revealing the meaning of the statement, several interrelated aspects are highlighted (No).
   2. Theoretical provisions are developed into a system of justification (No).
   3. The examples given are taken from various areas of social life (No).
   4. Personal examples are used appropriately and correctly social experience (No).
   5. Examples from other educational courses are used - history, geography, literature (Yes).

Reasons for a lower score:

1. Among the given theoretical provisions there are erroneous judgments and inaccuracies (no).
   2. Contains a lot of “information noise” - provisions that are not directly related to the topic, repetitions of the same thought presented in a different verbal expression (Yes).
   3. The examples used are loosely related to the theoretical justification (Yes).

And indeed, the essay did not receive an increase in points on appeal, 2 out of 5 possible so they were left!

And for you homework once again this quote, practice using real examples from the Unified State Exam in social studies: "How great knowledge and the skills the staff will have, the wider and deeper the range of these skills, the more opportunities for action the staff will have, the better the improvements and customer service will be.”(R. Hannam).

Try writing an essay on it in the comments to this analysis or in our group topic

Examples of essays on social studies for the Unified State Exam

Essay samples

“A child at the moment of birth is not a person, but only a candidate for a person” (A. Pieron).

It is necessary to understand what meaning A. Pieron put into the concept of man. At the moment of birth, the child is already a person. He is a representative of a special biological species Homo Sapiens, which has the inherent specific features of this biological species: a large brain, upright posture, prehensile hands, etc. At the moment of birth, a child can be called an individual - a specific representative of the human race. From birth, he is endowed with individual traits and properties unique to him: eye color, body shape and structure, the design of his palm. This can already be defined as individuality. Why then does the author of the statement call the child only a candidate for a person? Apparently, the author had in mind the concept of “personality”. After all, man is a biosocial being. If a person is given biological traits from birth, then he acquires social ones only in a society of his own kind. And this happens in the process of socialization, when the child learns, through education and self-education, the values ​​of a particular society. Gradually he turns into a personality, i.e. becomes a subject of conscious activity and has a set of socially significant traits that are in demand and useful in society. It is then that he can fully be called a human being. How can this assumption be confirmed? For example, on March 20, 1809, in Sorochintsy, a son was born into the family of the landowner Vasily Gogol - Yanovsky, baptized with the name Nikolai. This was one of the landowner's sons born on this day, named Nicholas, i.e. individual. If he had died on his birthday, he would have remained in the memory of his loved ones as an individual. The newborn was distinguished by characteristics characteristic only of him (height, hair color, eyes, body structure, etc.). According to the testimony of people who knew Gogol from birth, he was thin and weak. Later, he developed traits associated with growing up and an individual lifestyle - he began to read early, wrote poetry from the age of 5, studied diligently at the gymnasium, and became a writer whose work was followed by all of Russia. He showed a bright personality, i.e. those features and properties, signs that distinguished Gogol. Apparently, this is precisely the meaning that A. Pieron intended in his statement, and I completely agree with him. When a person is born, he must go through a long process of thorny path in order to leave a mark on society, so that descendants would proudly say: “Yes, this man can be called great: our people can be proud of him.”

“The idea of ​​freedom is connected with the true essence of man” (K. Jaspers)

What is freedom? Independence from powerful of the world what money and fame can give? Lack of bars or overseer's whip? Freedom to think, write, create without regard to generally accepted canons and public tastes? This question can only be answered by trying to figure out what a person is. But here's the problem! Every culture, every era, every philosophical school gives its own answer to this question. Behind each answer is not only the level of a scientist who has comprehended the laws of the universe, the wisdom of a thinker who has penetrated the secrets of existence, the self-interest of a politician or the imagination of an artist, but there is also always hidden a certain position in life, a completely practical attitude towards the world. And yet. From all the various, contradictory ideas about man, one general conclusion follows: man is not free. He depends on anything: on the will of God or gods, on the laws of the Cosmos, the arrangement of stars and luminaries, on nature, society, but not on himself. But the meaning of Jaspers’s expression, in my opinion, is that a person cannot imagine freedom and happiness without preserving his personality, his unique, inimitable “I”. He does not want to “become everything,” but “wants to be himself in spite of the universe,” as the author of the famous “Mowgli” R. Kipling wrote. A person cannot be happy and free at the cost of trampling on his personality, renouncing his individuality. Truly ineradicable in man is the desire to create the world and himself, to discover something new, unknown to anyone, even if this is achieved at the cost of own life. Becoming free is not an easy task. It requires from a person the maximum effort of all spiritual forces, deep thoughts about the fate of the world, people, about his own life; a critical attitude towards what is happening around and towards oneself; search for the ideal. The search for the meaning of freedom sometimes continues throughout life and is accompanied by internal struggle and conflicts with others. This is precisely where a person’s free will manifests itself, since from various life circumstances and options, he himself has to choose what to prefer and what to reject, what to do in this or that case. And the more difficult the world, the more dramatic life is, the more effort is required from a person to determine his position and make this or that choice. This means that K. Jaspers was right in considering the idea of ​​freedom to be the true essence of man. Freedom is a necessary condition for his activity. Freedom cannot be “gifted,” because unsought freedom turns out to be a heavy burden or turns into arbitrariness. Freedom, won in the fight against evil, vices and injustice in the name of affirming goodness, light, truth and beauty, can make every person free

“Science is merciless. She shamelessly refutes favorite and habitual misconceptions” (N.V. Karlov)

We can completely agree with this statement. After all the main objective scientific knowledge – the desire for objectivity, i.e. to study the world as it exists outside and independently of man. The result obtained should not depend on private opinions, preferences, or authorities. On the path to searching for objective truth, a person passes through relative truths and errors. There are many examples of this. Once upon a time, people were absolutely sure that the Earth was disk-shaped. But centuries passed, and the journey of Fernando Magellan refuted this misconception. People learned that the Earth is spherical. The geocentric system that existed for millennia was also a fallacy. The discovery of Copernicus debunked this myth. The heliocentric system he created explained to people that all the planets in our system revolve around the Sun. Catholic Church for more than two hundred years it was forbidden to recognize this truth, but in this case, science really turned out to be merciless towards people’s misconceptions. Thus, on the way to absolute truth, which is final and will not change over time, science passes through the stage of relative truths. At first, these relative truths seem final to people, but time passes and with the emergence of new opportunities for a person to study a particular area, absolute truth appears. It refutes previously acquired knowledge, forcing people to reconsider their previous views and discoveries.

“Progress only indicates the direction of movement, and it is indifferent to what awaits at the end of this path - good or evil” (J. Huizinga).

It is known that progress is the movement of the development of society from simple to complex, from lower to higher. But the long history of mankind proves that moving forward in one area leads to a rollback in another. For example, replacing a boom firearms, flintlock - automatically indicates the development of technology and related knowledge and science. The ability to kill a mass of people at once with a lethal nuclear weapons also an unconditional evidence of the development of science and technology the highest level. But can all this be called progress? And therefore, everything that has appeared in history as something positive can always be contrasted as something negative, and very much that is positive in one aspect can be said to be negative in another. So what is the point of the story? What is the direction of its movement? What is progress? Answering these questions is far from easy. The very abstract concept of progress, when trying to apply it to the assessment of certain events specifically - historically, will certainly contain an insoluble contradiction. This inconsistency is the drama of history. Is it inevitable? But the fact is that the main character of this historical drama is the man himself. Evil is, as it were, inevitable, because a person sometimes receives as a result something for which he did not strive at all, which was not his goal. And the objective fact is that practice is always richer, always exceeds the level of achieved knowledge, which gives rise to a person’s ability to use what has been achieved differently in other conditions. Evil, therefore, like a shadow, pursues good. Apparently this is what the author of this statement meant. But I would like to continue the discussion and encourage people, especially scientists, to think about their future discoveries. After all, to define what is truly progressive there is a concept developed throughout the history of mankind. Expressed by the word “humanism,” it denotes both the specific properties of human nature and the assessment of these properties as the highest principle of social life. What is progressive is what is combined with humanism, and not just combined, but contributes to its elevation.

“Revolution is the transition from untruth to truth, from lies to truth, from oppression to justice, from deception and suffering to straightforward honesty and happiness.”

(Robert Owen)

A revolution is often called a social explosion, which is why, in my opinion, a revolution does not completely solve the problems that have arisen in life.

In Russia's historical past, the most significant revolution was the October 1917 revolution. Its most important result was the beginning of the construction of communism, which meant a radical change in the life of the entire country. And if this is the same truth, justice and honesty that Owen speaks of, then why is Russia now trying with all its might to join the Western model of development and doing everything to become a capitalist country in the full sense of the word? And this despite the fact that in Soviet time Russia has achieved a lot: it became a superpower, was the first to achieve human space flight, and won the Second World War. It turns out that the revolution did not lead our country to the truth. Moreover, by the end of 1991, Russia found itself on the brink of economic disaster and famine.

Is it necessary to talk about social revolutions, if even during the scientific and technological revolution in the modern world many questions arise. Among them ecological problems, and rising unemployment, and terrorism.

On the one hand, during the scientific and technological revolution, healthcare is being improved, the most hopeless patients are being saved from death by the efforts of doctors, and on the other hand, weapons are being produced mass destruction, including bacteriological. The media daily cover millions of events taking place in all corners of the planet, informing and educating people, but at the same time, the media act as a manipulator of human consciousness, will, and reason.

Many more examples of revolutions can be cited, but the conclusion remains clear: a revolution is a multilateral and contradictory process, during which the problems being solved are replaced by others, often even more complex and confusing.

Religion is wisdom justified by reason

I completely agree with this statement and want to prove the truth of this saying using the example of famous BOOKS that contain such wisdom that humanity will always turn to.

New Testament. It is already 2 thousand years old. With his birth, he created an unprecedented, unprecedented excitement in hearts and minds, which has not calmed down to this day. And all this because it contains wisdom that teaches humanity kindness, humanism, and morality. This book, written simply and without any embellishment, captures the greatest mystery - the mystery of human salvation. People can only fulfill these Great Wisdoms: do not kill, do not steal, do not offend your neighbor, honor your parents. Is this bad wisdom? And when people forget to implement these wisdoms, misfortune awaits them. In our country, during the years of Soviet power, people were excommunicated from this book. All this led to the destruction of the spirituality of society, and therefore to lack of will. And even the communists, when drawing up their law - the Moral Code of the Communist, took as a basis the moral principles contained in the Bible. They just exposed them in a different form. This proves that the wisdom of this book is eternal.

Koran. This is the main book of Muslims. What is she calling for? Special attention is given to nobility, which, in turn, presupposes respect for parents. The Koran teaches Muslims to be firm in word and obligatory in deeds and actions. It condemns such base human qualities as lies, hypocrisy, cruelty, and pride. Is this bad wisdom? They are reasonable.

The given examples prove the correctness of the above statement. All world religions contain such wisdom that instructs people only to do good deeds. Showing people the way at the end of the tunnel.

Science reduces our experiences of fast-flowing life.

One cannot but agree with this statement. Indeed, with the advent of science, the progress of mankind began to accelerate, and the pace of life human society are accelerating every day. All this happens thanks to science. Before its appearance, humanity moved rather slowly along the path of progress. It took millions of years for the wheel to appear, but it was only thanks to scientists who invented engines that this wheel could be driven at a higher speed. Human life has accelerated dramatically.

For thousands of years, humanity has had to look for answers to many seemingly unsolvable questions. Science did this: the discovery of new types of energy, the treatment of complex diseases, the conquest of outer space... With the beginning of the scientific and technological revolution in the 50-60s of the 20th century, the development of science became the main condition for the existence of human society. Time requires a person to make a quick decision global problems, on which the preservation of life on Earth will depend.

Science has now come to every home. It serves people by truly reducing the experiences of fast-paced life: instead of washing by hand - an automatic washing machine, instead of a floor rag - a washing vacuum cleaner, instead of a typewriter - a computer. And what can we say about the means of communication that have made our globe so small: in one minute you can receive a message from places located on different ends of the world. The plane takes us in a few hours to the most remote corners of our planet. But just a hundred years ago it took many days and even months. This is the meaning of this statement.

Political strength is strong if and only if it is based on moral strength.

Of course, this statement is correct. Indeed, a politician must act based on moral laws. But for some reason, many people associate the word “power” with the opposite opinion. There are many supporting examples of this in history, ranging from ancient Roman tyrants (for example, Nero) to Hitler and Stalin. And modern rulers do not shine with examples of morality.

What's the matter? Why do deeply moral norms such as honesty, conscience, commitment, truthfulness in no way fit into political power?

Apparently, a lot has to do with the nature of power itself. When a person strives for power, he promises people to improve their lives, restore order, and establish fair laws. But as soon as he finds himself at the helm of power, the situation changes dramatically. Many promises are gradually forgotten. And the politician himself becomes different. He already lives by different standards, he has new views. Those to whom he promised are increasingly moving away from him. And others appear nearby who are always ready to be at the right moment: to advise, to suggest. But they no longer act in the interests of society, but in their own selfish interests. As people say, power spoils a person. Perhaps this is true. Or maybe there are other reasons? Coming to power, a politician understands that he is unable to cope with the burden of problems that the state faces: corruption, the shadow economy, organized crime. In such difficult conditions, there is a retreat from moral principles. We have to act tough. It seems to me that it is better to rephrase this statement as follows: “A political fortress is strong if and only if it is based on the force of law.” For politics, this makes the most sense. Only the laws must also be moral...

In this article you will learn how to write an essay on social studies. Examples are attached.

First of all, it is necessary to understand that in order to learn how to write an essay in social studies, it takes quite a long time. Without preliminary preparation, it is impossible to write an essay that would be rated high by experts. Sustainable skills and good results appear after 2-3 months of work (about 15-20 essays written). It is systematic training and determination that bring high results. You need to hone your skills in practice with the direct help and careful supervision of a teacher.

Video - how to write an essay on social studies

If you haven't tried essay writing yet, watch the video.

Unlike an essay on literature or the Russian language, where the minimum amount of work is clearly specified and general reflection is allowed (“philosophizing” without specification), in an essay on social science the volume is not limited, but its structure and content are fundamentally different. A social studies essay is actually an answer to the question: “Do I agree with this statement and why?” That is why an essay on social science must contain strict argumentation, scientificity and specificity. At the same time, it should be noted that very paradoxical, unusual statements that require imaginative thinking, a non-standard approach to solving the problem. This inevitably leaves its mark on the essay writing style and requires maximum concentration of strength and attention.

I would also like to add that the exam essay is graded specific people. In order for an expert, who checks from 50 to 80 papers a day, to mark an essay as worthy of attention, this essay must not only meet all the requirements set out below, but also be distinguished by a certain originality, originality and originality - this is implied by the genre of the essay itself. Therefore, it is necessary not only to present scientific and factual material on the topic, but also to pleasantly surprise you with the originality and flexibility of your thinking.

Algorithm for writing essays during the Unified State Exam

1. First of all, during the exam you need to properly manage your time. Practice shows that writing an essay requires spending at least 1-1.5 hours out of the 3.5 hours allotted for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies. It is most advisable to start writing an essay after all other KIM tasks have been completed, because This type of work requires maximum concentration of the graduate’s efforts.
2. Carefully read all the topics offered to choose from.
3. Select topics that are understandable, i.e. – the student must clearly understand what this statement is about, what the author wanted to say with this phrase. In order to remove doubts about whether he understands the topic correctly, the graduate must restate the phrase in his own words, defining the main idea. The student can do this orally or in a draft.
4. From the selected understandable statements, it is necessary to choose one topic - the one that the student knows best. It is necessary to note the fact that examinees often choose topics that are easy, in their opinion, but which turn out to be difficult when covering the topic due to the limited scientific and factual material on this issue (in other words, the phrase itself says everything, nothing can be added). In such cases, the essay comes down to a simple statement of the meaning of the statement in different options and is rated low by experts due to poor evidence base. Therefore, you need to choose the topic of the essay so that the student, when writing it, can fully demonstrate the completeness of his knowledge and the depth of his thoughts (i.e., the topic must be winning).
5. When choosing a topic for an essay, you must also pay attention to which social science the statement belongs to. Practice shows that a number of phrases can refer to several sciences at once. For example, I. Goethe’s statement “Man is determined not only by natural qualities, but also acquired ones” may belong to both philosophy and social psychology, and sociology. Accordingly, the content of the essay should vary depending on this, i.e. must be consistent with said basic science.
6. There is no need to write the entire essay as a draft. Firstly, due to limited time, and secondly, due to the fact that at the time of writing an essay some thoughts come, and at the time of rewriting - others, and redoing a finished text is much more difficult than creating a new one. In the draft, the graduate makes only an outline of his essay, approximate short sketches of the meaning of the phrase, his argumentation, the points of view of scientists, concepts and theoretical positions that he is going to present in his work, as well as the approximate order of their arrangement one after another, taking into account the semantic logic of the essay.
7. Without fail, the student must express his personal attitude to the chosen topic in a clearly defined formulation (“I agree”, “I disagree”, “I don’t completely agree”, “I agree, but partially” or phrases that are similar in meaning and meaning) . The presence of a personal attitude is one of the criteria on the basis of which experts evaluate an essay.
8. Without fail, the graduate must state his understanding of the meaning of the statement. Those. The high school student explains in his own words what the author wanted to say with this phrase. It is more advisable to do this at the very beginning of the essay. And if you combine the requirements of this paragraph with the provisions of the previous one, then this is what, for example, the beginning of an essay on philosophy “Before talking about the benefit of satisfying needs, you need to decide what needs constitute the benefit” will look like: “I completely agree with the statement of the great Russian writer of the second halfXIX– beginningXXcenturies L.N. Tolstoy, in which he talks about real and imaginary needs."
9. You need to be very careful in selecting arguments to support your point of view. Arguments must be convincing and justified. Data from relevant sciences are used as arguments, historical facts, facts from public life. Arguments of a personal nature (examples from personal life) are rated the lowest, so their use as evidence is undesirable. It should be remembered that any personal example can easily be “transformed” into an example from public life, from social practice, if you write about it in a third person (for example, not “The saleswoman in the store was rude to me, thereby violating my consumer rights”, A “Let’s say that the saleswoman was rude to citizen S. Thus, she violated his rights as a consumer.” The number of arguments in an essay is not limited, but 3-5 arguments are most optimal for revealing the topic. It should also be remembered that examples from history are most relevant in political science, partly in legal and sociological topics, as well as in philosophical topics related to theory social progress. Examples from social practice (public life) - in sociological, economic, legal topics. Data from the relevant sciences must be used when choosing any of the topics.
10. The use of terms, concepts, and definitions in an essay must be competent and appropriate in relation to the chosen topic and science. The essay should not be overloaded with terminology, especially if these concepts are not related to the chosen problem. Unfortunately, some graduates try to insert as many terms as possible into their work, violating the principle of expediency and reasonable sufficiency. Thus, they show that they have not learned to correctly use scientific terminology. The term should be mentioned appropriately; such a mention should indicate its correct understanding.
11. It is very welcome if a graduate in his essay indicates the points of view of other researchers on the issues under consideration, provides a link to different interpretations problem and various ways to solve it (if possible). Indication of other points of view can be direct (for example: “Lenin thought this way:..., and Trotsky thought differently:..., and Stalin did not agree with both of them:...”), but can be indirect, non-specific, non-personalized: “A number of researchers think this way:..., others think differently:..., and some suggest something completely different:....”
12. It is very welcome if the essay indicates who the author of this statement was. The indication should be brief but precise (see example in paragraph 8). If, when arguing your position on this issue, it is appropriate to mention the views of the author of the phrase, this must be done.
13. Arguments must be presented in strict sequence, the internal logic of presentation in the essay must be clearly visible. The student should not jump from one to another and return to the first again without explanation and internal connection, connecting the individual provisions of his work.
14. The essay must end with a conclusion that briefly summarizes the thoughts and reasoning: “Thus, based on all of the above, it can be argued that the author was right in his statement.”

Essay Examples on the topic of:

Philosophy “Revolution is a barbaric way of progress” (J. Jaures)

For the highest score

I completely agree with the statement of the famous French socialist, historian and political figure of the first half of the twentieth century, Jean Jaurès, in which he talks about the features of the revolutionary path of social progress, about distinctive features revolution. Indeed, revolution is one of the ways of progress, movement forward, to better and complex forms organizations social order. But since a revolution is a radical disruption of the entire existing system, a transformation of all or most aspects of social life, occurring in a short period of time, this form of progress is always accompanied by a large number of victims and violence.

If we remember the revolutionary year of 1917 in Russia, we will see that both revolutions entailed the most severe confrontation in society and the country, which resulted in a terrible Civil War, accompanied by unprecedented bitterness, millions of dead and injured, unprecedented devastation in the national economy.

If we remember the Great French Revolution, we will also see the rampant Jacobin terror, the guillotine, “working” seven days a week, and a series of incessant revolutionary wars.

If we remember the English bourgeois revolution, we will also see civil war, repression against dissidents.

And when we look at the history of the United States, we will see that both bourgeois revolutions that took place in this country took the form of war: first, the War of Independence, and then the Civil War.

The list of examples from history can go on and on, but wherever a revolution occurs - in China, Iran, the Netherlands, etc. – everywhere it was accompanied by violence, i.e. barbarism from the perspective of a civilized person.

And even though other thinkers exalted revolution (such as Karl Marx, who argued that revolutions are the locomotives of history), even though reactionaries and conservatives denied the role of revolutions in social progress, the point of view of J. Jaurès is closer to me: yes, revolution is a way of progress, a movement for the better, but carried out by barbaric methods, that is, with the use of cruelty, blood and violence. Happiness cannot be created through violence!

For a small point

In his quote, the author talks about revolution and progress. Revolution is a way of transforming reality into a short time, and progress is moving forward. Revolution is not progress. After all, progress is reform. It cannot be said that the revolution does not produce positive results - for example, the Russian revolution allowed workers and peasants to get rid of a difficult situation. But by definition, revolution is not progress, because progress is all that is good, and revolution is all that is bad. I disagree with the author who classifies revolution as progress.

Essay outline

Introduction
1) A clear indication of the problem of the statement:
“The statement I have chosen concerns the problem...”
“The problem with this statement is...”
2) Explanation of the choice of topic (what is the significance or relevance of this topic)
“Everyone is concerned about the question...”
“The RELEVANCE of this topic lies in...”
3) Reveal the meaning of the statement from the point of view of social science, 1-2 sentences
4) Introduction of the author and his point of view
“The author argued (said, thought) from such a point of view...”
5) Your own interpretation of this phrase, YOUR OWN POINT OF VIEW (DO YOU AGREE OR NOT)
“I think...” “I agree with the author of the statement...”
6) Expressing your position, moving on to the main part of the essay

P.S. It would be a plus if in the introduction you provide information about the author of the statement and insert a definition of the chosen field of the essay (philosophy, politics, economics, law, etc.)

Argumentation:
1) Theoretical argumentation of the problem. At least 3 aspects of the theoretical discussion of the topic must be presented.
For example: reveal the concept itself, give examples, analyze features, functions, classifications, properties.
2) Practical argument or example from public life