- (from Latin ovum egg) 1) oblong and round. 2) a curved line shaped like an egg. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. OVAL is a closed oblong round line. Dictionary of foreign words included in... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

A, m. ovale m., German. Oval, etc. ovato lat. ovatus, ovalis ovoid. An oblong circle, an ovoid shape of a thing. Exchange 159. Oblong circle. Dahl. The outline is in the form of an elongated circle, in the shape of an egg. BAS 1. Round or oval figure without... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Dictionary Dahl

Husband. oblong circle; a true oval forms an ellipse, a long circle. Oval, long-round, long-round, long-browed. femininity oblong roundness. Oval lathe chuck, running on two shafts, centers, eccentric, for... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Cm … Synonym dictionary

- (from Latin ovum egg) a convex closed flat curve without corner points, for example. ellipse... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Oval, the son of Joktan (Gen. 10:28), the ancestor of a certain Arab. nationalities; see Ebal (2) ... Bible Encyclopedia Brockhaus

OVAL, oval, male. (French oval from Latin ovum egg). Ovoid outline; a figure bounded by an egg-shaped curved line. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Suffix A word-forming unit that stands out in an adjective with the meaning of an age characteristic named by the noun from which the corresponding adjective is derived (one-year-old). Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T.… … Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova

OVAL, huh, husband. Closed ovoid outline of something. Handsome o. faces. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

- (Oval, Bowl) The closed shape of some characters or their parts, forming a circle or ellipse. The inclination of the oval axes [the axis of symmetry of oval-shaped letters] is an important typeface feature [font characteristics] that characterizes the shape of the font... ... Font terminology

Books

  • , Alena Rossoshinskaya. The face is a mirror not only of the soul, but also of well-being. Each of us at our age dreams of being cheerful, healthy and attractive. Straight back, noble head position, taut oval...
  • , Lykova I.A.. Children 5-10 years old love to draw themselves and really love to watch how adults draw. And our book invites them to watch how the artist draws. And walk with him the path from...

Oval is a closed box curve that has two axes of symmetry and consists of two support circles of the same diameter, internally conjugate by arcs (Fig. 13.45). An oval is characterized by three parameters: length, width and radius of the oval. Sometimes only the length and width of the oval are specified, without defining its radii, then the problem of constructing an oval has a large variety of solutions (see Fig. 13.45, a...d).

Methods for constructing ovals based on two identical reference circles that touch (Fig. 13.46, a), intersect (Fig. 13.46, b) or do not intersect (Fig. 13.46, c) are also used. In this case, two parameters are actually specified: the length of the oval and one of its radii. This problem has many solutions. It's obvious that R > OA has no upper bound. In particular R = O 1 O 2(see Fig. 13.46.a, and Fig. 13.46.c), and the centers O 3 And O 4 are determined as the points of intersection of the base circles (see Fig. 13.46, b). According to general theory mate points are determined on a straight line connecting the centers of arcs of osculating circles.

Constructing an oval with touching support circles(the problem has many solutions) ( rice. 3.44). From the centers of the reference circles ABOUT And 0 1 with a radius equal, for example, to the distance between their centers, arcs of circles are drawn until they intersect at points ABOUT 2 and O 3.

Figure 3.44

If from points ABOUT 2 and O 3 draw straight lines through the centers ABOUT And O 1, then at the intersection with the support circles we obtain the connecting points WITH, C 1, D And D 1. From points ABOUT 2 and O 3 as from centers of radius R 2 draw arcs of conjugation.

Constructing an oval with intersecting reference circles(the problem also has many solutions) (Fig. 3.45). From the intersection points of the reference circles C 2 And O 3 draw straight lines, for example, through centers ABOUT And O 1 until they intersect with the reference circles at the junction points C, C 1 D And D 1, and radii R2, equal to the diameter of the reference circle - the conjugation arc.

Figure 3.45 Figure 3.46

Constructing an oval along two specified axes AB and CD(Fig. 3.46). Below is one of many possible solutions. A segment is plotted on the vertical axis OE, equal to half the major axis AB. From point WITH how to draw an arc with a radius from the center SE to the intersection with the line segment AC at the point E 1. Towards the middle of the segment AE 1 restore the perpendicular and mark the points of its intersection with the axes of the oval O 1 And 0 2 . Build points O 3 And 0 4 , symmetrical to the points O 1 And 0 2 relative to the axes CD And AB. Points O 1 And 0 3 will be the centers of reference circles of radius R1, equal to the segment About 1 A, and the points O2 And 0 4 - centers of conjugation arcs of radius R2, equal to the segment O 2 C. Straight lines connecting centers O 1 And 0 3 With O2 And 0 4 At the intersection with the oval, the connecting points will be determined.


In AutoCAD, an oval is constructed using two reference circles of the same radius, which:

1. have a point of contact;

2. intersect;

3. do not intersect.

Let's consider the first case. A segment OO 1 =2R is constructed, parallel to the X axis; at its ends (points O and O 1) the centers of two supporting circles of radius R and the centers of two auxiliary circles of radius R 1 =2R are placed. From the intersection points of the auxiliary circles O 2 and O 3, arcs CD and C 1 D 1 are built, respectively. The auxiliary circles are removed, then the inner parts of the support circles are cut off relative to the arcs CD and C 1 D 1. In Figure ъъ the resulting oval is highlighted with a thick line.

Figure Constructing an oval with touching support circles of the same radius

The exposed logo, or Psychogeometry Taranenko Vladimir Ivanovich

4.3. Oval: dynamics of a bipolar figure

We still don’t know what’s inside our globe. For some reason it is flattened at the poles. It seems like it’s no longer a ball. A geoid is an approximately triaxial ellipsoid, a spheroid.

Interpretation of information from: Soviet encyclopedic Dictionary. – 4th ed. – M, 1990. – P. 464

In a circle, all radii and directions are equal. But in the oval, as under socialism, everyone is equal, but some are still longer!

Kozma Prutkov. Social geometry

If the circle stretches out, it means he went to work. What kind of self-sufficiency is that?

Kozma Prutkov, collegiate assessor

It's somehow slightly dangerous to be psychologically ambivalent. Suddenly you'll melt away by yourself different sides.

Meditation at a Crossroads

An ellipse is a flat closed oval curve, for simplicity we will say an oval. Well, if we compress the ball (note this moment!), we will get a volumetric curvilinear closed body of an ellipsoid. It is phenomenal (i.e. revealed, as we have already said) - neither an oval nor an ellipsoid is no longer a circle or a sphere, respectively. An oval and an ellipsoid have an axial direction and two poles, i.e. the figures represent a bipolar figure. But the center is not expressed! Of course, it is there, but unlike a circle, you can’t easily poke it. You'll have to search and aim. Again, an oval, unlike a circle, has a much larger area of ​​contact with the environment in the “lying” position (cf. Fig. 4.1 and 4.4). But what they both have in common is the property of roundness. Still related figures.

At least they do not conflict with the environment. But if the circle shrinks inward, then the oval tends to move and change. In this aspect it closely resembles a rectangle. It moves away from the static rationality of the square, and the oval away from the involving depth of the circle. Where, perhaps, the only way out is through irrational perception. But the oval no longer has such a mission. Its center is much less pronounced and, we would venture to say, weakened. In any case, the poles or ends of the oval appear stronger. Note that in the oval it is not difficult for you to see two diverging circles (Fig. 4.5). Each with its own local center. And here's the most main center in the oval there is already a question mark. Why is that?

Option one. Initially, two contradictory trends or missions were laid down. Perhaps two leaders who had diametrical ideologies. So they “stretched” the circle in different directions. Although, in general, we agreed on a single concept. And in a charismatic style - from the center of the circle. In practice, there was a diversity of ideologies and strategies. Although unity, oddly enough, was still preserved. An oval is a completely holistic and harmonious figure. Absolutely not causing any destructive contradictions. A kind of dialectical unity, continuity and harmony of opposites. Well, so be it, in the form of an oval.

Option two. The circle, under the pressure of the environment, is forced to transform into an oval, and the ball into an ellipsoid. So to speak, partly forced, but already irreversible evolution of a strictly centric figure (Fig. 4.6). This wonderful idea was suggested to the author by his long-term friend and colleague Yaroslav Korenevsky. Thank you. If you squeeze the circle, it will stretch into an oval. And then it will have dynamics. Care, search, development.

But the movement into depth has definitely been stopped. The oval has become more practical than the circle. In any case, he moves in the environment, trying as much as possible not to disturb it. Oval solves its problems with minimal disturbance environment. For which we are grateful to him.

Option three is simply the evolution of a circle into an oval. At least due to the requirements of internal metaphysics. For some reason, you need to go out on the road, and not engage in meditation and self-absorption. The process of retraction is replaced by a search for alternatives. And, mind you, again without internal tension and drama. In family divorces this is called: “let’s live apart, but at the same time together, the main thing is without scandals.” Look, the family will remain. It's the same in business matters.

Take a closer look at the configuration of the ends of the oval, that is, its poles. Simply put, look at how pointed or rounded or blunt the oval is. The sharper the ends of the oval, the more actively and sharply it cuts the environment in its movement (Fig. 4.7). The structure is axially combative rather than adaptive. And at the same time, the medium is cut gently, so there are no shocks or forceful pressure. This is exactly how the Titanic died when it collided with an iceberg. It would be better to go for a ram. The pointed oval has only the side contours – its weak point. Therefore, he can only rip open the abyss surrounding him frontally. But with a striking effect, without noise and unnoticeably. The edge is sharpened and rounded.

The rounded oval (Fig. 4.8) is much calmer in this regard. It actually moves in a way that minimizes external drag. He does not need an attack, but, perhaps, the preservation of his integrity. And, of course, the achievement of some new mission, due to which the oval was transformed from a circle.

Please note in logos Special attention on how the oval itself is located in the spatial plane. Standing vertically “on the butt” is very dangerously unstable and expresses, perhaps, megalomania coupled with ideology. I just want to carry my ideology into the sky. The oval lying in the horizontal plane has clearly moved into the realm of grounded practicality. The flight of the idea stopped temporarily, and perhaps by design. Or it was initially intended to be implemented precisely on a practical, and sometimes even utilitarian level. In other words, first of all, the result, no matter how small. The lying oval does not want to take risks. The reasons for this are not difficult to guess just by looking at the real logo. An oval, located obliquely, at an angle, tries to achieve progressive success through active movement and the development of its own ideas. This is if the angle of inclination is directed to the right. The tilt of the oval to the left is a return to the past, an attempt to return to the roots and realize unfinished ideas, perhaps nostalgia.

But with a rectangle it looks more fun. The answer is clear. Both have an axis and move along their axis. The main thing is that they coincide. The oval should be elongated in proportion to the rectangle. Let us also take into account that a rectangle as such does not have a center, but it is more pronounced in an oval. This means that the integrity and inner meaning of the movement are preserved. There is a typical symbiosis here (Fig. 4.10).

In the same way, an oval will not tolerate any other figure inside it. His center already “spreads” in opposite directions, but inside there is another element with its own program. Then, for sure, the poles of the oval with the adjacent outskirts will break away from the center, which is no longer the center. There is someone else there (Fig. 4.11).

COLOR and OVAL. There are colors that enhance the centrifugal tendencies of the oval, and there are, on the contrary, those that hold it together and hold it together. Again, with a certain color you can enhance the dynamics of the oval, or you can dampen it. Likewise, there is the possibility of either strengthening or weakening the center. So the oval interacts with color very selectively. So.

White the oval is partly nonsense. The center is noticeably weakened, or rather, completely dissolved in white. The axial direction is also not expressed. General dynamics there is, but something completely undefined. White is looking for something, he doesn’t know what. And then, he has no ideology, and the oval just has its own idea. But it cannot manifest itself through White color. This means that there is a search for something new ahead. Maybe this is precisely the beauty of the white oval? Note that the search for something new occurs without war with the environment, and there is no destruction inside. The white oval wants something and strives somewhere, but it does it organically and, perhaps, with hope.

U black Oval everything is different. It completely draws you in, while the dynamics of movement are slowed down, although not inhibited. The axis of symmetry is weakened. The black oval moves outside of logical existence. Therefore, the internal ideological center has an attractive and collecting force. The black oval is harmonious, but it is all inside, within itself. And directed somewhere deep. Contacts with the external environment are strictly defined. A kind of retractable hole. However, due to the movement of the oval, a feeling of doom does not arise.

Grey The oval is absolutely tolerant in its centripetal directions. TO external environment applies exactly the same. Axial symmetry and the center are blurred, but overall everything is in harmony. Soft, calm movement without internal contradictions. The multidirectionality of the poles is smoothed out by a kind of balanced dialectic. Such an oval is searching and contemplating. Yes, the ideological component is also not at all intrusive. The gray oval has no projections of living at the expense of others and attributing its problems to the external environment. He is comfortable, balanced, tolerant and seeks his own path without harming others.

Scarlet And red ovals are very active in their expansion. Such ovals attack the environment in the name of their ideology. Their poles represent striking force. The center is also like an explosion. The oval is generally a fairly adaptive and cautious figure, but in this color it becomes unsafe. Keep this in mind just in case. Add here the internal tension between the figure and the scarlet or red color, which are completely unusual in nature. The destructive processes inside the oval will only intensify. I wonder how long it will last in this state?

Purple And crimson– have already been softened. Adaptability increases, internal integrity is preserved. These are good ovals. Collective and pursuing their mission. They will be able to resolve their problems productively.

Blue the oval is very organic. He is amazingly collective. A blue (especially dark blue) oval does not have an opposition between poles and center. Everything is united and united. Again, such an oval is directed more into the depth of its essence than outward. His movement and development are deeply motivated. It grows from within. And absolutely no external aggression. Gentle advancement and unified, tension-free integrity.

Dark purple the oval is very deeply mystical. Or rather, it is synthetic. Can connect incompatible things and reveal the truth. The purple oval has no external obstacles. He dives much deeper. And achieves more. Without any aggressive expansion. But what is generated by the purple oval can sometimes turn out to be invaluable.

WITH green The oval is somehow uncomfortable, and most likely even bad. Although in the sublunary world there is nothing absolutely good and absolutely bad. Everything has its own use, its own measure and its own mission. Green color extremely static and rational, while the oval is dynamic and irrational in its essence. Some not quite compatible couple. Symbiosis and complementarity do not occur here. Green color clearly inhibits the activity of the oval, trying to structure and rationalize it. The center of the figure, its poles, the leading axis - everything is completely remade into a single mass green. All that remains is the rigid outer contour. And the program is completely green, contrary to the inner essence of the oval. Someone suppressed someone. This also happens. But. a dark green oval, or even better, a slightly bluish oval will still balance the multi-polarity of the oval. A certain gathering stability appears, and movement occurs inward, not outward. Which is not bad.

Yellow the oval radiates cheerful energy. Contradictions are erased, the center and external contours are blurred in the yellow glow, but the main thing remains - movement and development, the search for something new. Yellow removes the primacy of the centerline, but offers many other options. There is no depth, but external expansion is actively asserting itself. Exclusively from a positive and cheerful perspective.

Brown, and even better golden brown the oval is both comfortable and prestigious (if it is golden). With his gentle movement and his ideology, he will certainly achieve prosperity. Deep ideas will not excite him much, but coziness and comfort will take first place among his needs.

OVAL PEOPLE. They are ideological, but contradictory in their deepest essence. It's clear why. Going and developing simultaneously in diametrically opposite directions is not without cost for the psyche and mentality. This can sometimes lead to frustrations (tensions) and neuroses. Although, to the credit of oval people, it can be said that they maximally maintain their internal integrity and spiritual harmony. Despite the turmoil and desires of the soul. They are contactable, but they fully reveal themselves to very few people and not immediately. They are not aggressive and in no way blame the world for their problems. Well adapted to the external environment. Movement and development occur in a soft form. As a rule, such people do not cause antipathy in the team and among loved ones. It is easy to communicate with them if you do not touch upon the purely internal problems of a given individual. Although this is where the key to the soul is hidden. Oval people really need to have a person nearby who understands them. They are also happy to have companions. They are drawn to their own kind, for who would not understand an oval better than the same oval? They can make a good career in management. Leaders from ovals turn out to be soft, tolerant, but by no means weak-willed or inactive. The search for new alternatives in business will be carried out continuously, but not chaotically, but according to certain concepts. There is no trace of dogmatism in decision making. So good luck to the ovals in their dialectical development and movement.

This text is an introductory fragment. From the book Advertising text. Methodology for compilation and design author Berdyshev Sergey Nikolaevich

3.3. Figures L.A. Novikov said wonderfully about figures: “The old grammarians called these peculiar forms of “speech movement” figures by analogy with figures in dances. Dance gives aesthetic pleasure if it is not disordered, chaotic, but embodied in

From the book Brand-Integrated Management author Tulchinsky Grigory Lvovich

Dynamics of business culture: from idea to organization The development of any culture is characterized by certain general phases of its dynamics. At one time, in the literature on management psychology, special attention was paid to the relationship between the formal and informal structure of an organization.

From the book Illustrating Advertising author Nazaikin Alexander

Dynamics and statics The dynamics of the composition is achieved, first of all, by the asymmetrical construction of parts and elements. Static – classical symmetry. However, even a symmetrical composition will be significantly enlivened by the rhythmic organization, as well as the dynamics of the

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From the book Bridging the Chasm. How to bring a technology product to the mass market by Moore Geoffrey

3.2. Where is the command center, or Geometric psychoanalysis of the figure? Swords clink, like the clink of glasses. From the song “Who's new?” If you dismember the idea, you will not save the team. Edification to commanders and commanders Against everyone! And all for one! Political battles in kindergarten C From the author’s book

Dynamics of behavior of winning teams For many years, the dynamics of relationships in the best teams and the reasons for their achievement of outstanding results have been studied all over the world. All of the teams studied achieved amazing business success. They are in short


What are oval and ellipse

Oval
Ellipse
Ellipse

Difference between oval and ellipse


The sum of the distances from the foci to any point on the curve is always the same and equal to the length of the major axis. This property is used by builders and designers to project figures on the ground. If the distance from the foci is the same, but greater or less than the length of the major axis, then we are talking about an oval.

TheDifference.ru determined that the difference between an oval and an ellipse is as follows:


Properties. In an ellipse, the sum of the distances from two foci lying on the major axis to a point on the curve is the same and equal to the length of the central axis.

When making complex, multi-tiered plasterboard ceilings, it often becomes necessary to make an oval. It can look like a cutout on a plasterboard ceiling, or it can go down one tier below; in any case, to make an oval on the ceiling, you first need to draw it. This is not a circle that can be drawn using a homemade compass from a profile. To draw an oval, you need more complex calculations and knowledge of geometry. Basically, there are two types of ovals. Correct and incorrect. It is almost impossible to distinguish them by eye.

The first way is how to draw an oval.

An irregular oval can be drawn by fitting it into a rhombus. To do this, in the right place, draw the coordinate axes and draw an equilateral rhombus of the size we need. Now we draw two arcs with the center in two opposite corners of the rhombus. The radius of this arc can be calculated as follows. From the top of the rhombus we lower perpendiculars to two opposite sides of the rhombus. The length of these perpendiculars is the radius of the arcs we need. In the figure, the perpendiculars are drawn in black, and the resulting arcs are drawn in blue.

We do the same with the opposite vertex of the rhombus. At the intersection points of the perpendiculars, we get two more centers for constructing the two remaining arcs. The radius of these arcs (drawn in red in the figure) will not be difficult to measure when all the necessary lines have already been drawn.

The second way to draw an oval

If you need a less precise (approximate) figure, then you can draw an oval using a thread, two screws and a pencil. To do this, you will need to find the so-called oval focuses. These are exactly the points relative to which we drew the last two arcs. In the picture above, they are shown in red. We screw two self-tapping screws into these focal points and tie a thread to them. The thread needs to be chosen so that it does not stretch. The length of the thread is larger size oval Now everything is simple, stretch the thread with a pencil and draw an oval.

Of course, you won’t be able to draw a clear oval in this way, the thread stretches, and it’s difficult to hold the pencil straight. This oval will have to be adjusted a little. If the oval is large, then even those who know about them will not see the errors. If it’s small, then it’s better to draw an oval using a compass.

geometric oval with one axis of symmetry

3. Oval in engineering graphics

In engineering graphics, an oval is usually understood as a figure with two axes of symmetry, built on a combination of four sections of curves of two radii. The arc segments are selected in such a way that a smooth transition from one radius of curvature to another is ensured. A point moving along the perimeter of an oval is always located on one of two fixed radii of curvature (unlike an ellipse, where the radius of curvature is constantly changing).


4. Oval in geometry

Just as in everyday speech, in geometry the mathematical term "oval" is found in the names of various geometric figures of more or less oval shape, but without precise definition oval as such. What these curves have in common is that they are usually closed, convex, smooth (with a tangent at any point) and have at least one axis of symmetry.

The term "ovaloid" is used for ovoid surfaces formed by rotation oval curve around one of its axes of symmetry.

Other examples of ovals include.

The simplest mathematical terms can cause real headache from a person far from the exact sciences. Definitions such as oval and ellipse are confused not only by schoolchildren, but also by quite adult people. Let's try to outline the differences between these concepts, using simple and accessible expressions, avoiding mathematical terms.

Definition

Oval- is a closed elongated geometric figure, having the correct shape and special properties. Inscribed in a circle, it has at least 4 extremum points, that is, vertices. If you divide an oval with a straight line along two opposite vertices, then the two segments resulting from this action will be absolutely identical.
Ellipse is a closed plane curve, special case oval, which has 4 vertices at extremum points. The central axis, drawn along two opposite extremum points, contains two focal points equidistant from the vertices. The sum of the distances from the foci to any point on the ellipse curve is a constant value that is equal to the length of the central axis.

Comparison

Thus, the key difference between these concepts at the everyday level is captured through their definitions. There are many options for constructing an oval; the axes drawn from the points of their vertices can have different ratios. If we are talking about an ellipse, then here we have special conditions its construction. On the major axis there are 2 foci, equidistant from the vertices.

The sum of the distances from the foci to any point on the curve is always the same and equal to the length of the major axis. This property is used by builders and designers to project figures on the ground. If the distance from the foci is the same, but greater or less than the length of the major axis, then we are talking about an oval.

Conclusions website

  1. Volume. Oval is a broader concept, the scope of which includes ellipse.
  2. Properties. In an ellipse, the sum of the distances from two foci lying on the major axis to a point on the curve is the same and equal to the length of the central axis.

The simplest mathematical terms can cause a real headache for a person who is far from the exact sciences. Definitions such as oval and ellipse are confused not only by schoolchildren, but also by quite adult people. Let's try to outline the differences between these concepts, using simple and accessible expressions, avoiding mathematical terms.

Definition

Oval is a closed elongated geometric figure with a regular shape and special properties. Inscribed in a circle, it has at least 4 extremum points, that is, vertices. If you divide an oval with a straight line along two opposite vertices, then the two segments resulting from this action will be absolutely identical.
Ellipse is a closed plane curve, a special case of an oval, which has 4 vertices at extremum points. The central axis, drawn along two opposite extremum points, contains two focal points equidistant from the vertices. The sum of the distances from the foci to any point on the ellipse curve is a constant value that is equal to the length of the central axis.

Ellipse

Comparison

Thus, the key difference between these concepts at the everyday level is captured through their definitions. There are many options for constructing an oval; the axes drawn from the points of their vertices can have different ratios. If we are talking about an ellipse, then special conditions for its construction apply. On the major axis there are 2 foci, equidistant from the vertices.

The sum of the distances from the foci to any point on the curve is always the same and equal to the length of the major axis. This property is used by builders and designers to project figures on the ground. If the distance from the foci is the same, but greater or less than the length of the major axis, then we are talking about an oval.

Conclusions website

  1. Volume. Oval is a broader concept, the scope of which includes ellipse.
  2. Properties. In an ellipse, the sum of the distances from two foci lying on the major axis to a point on the curve is the same and equal to the length of the central axis.