Adolf Hitler was confident that the existence of the “thousand-year Reich” could only be ensured through the appropriate education of the younger generation. To achieve this goal, the Hitler Youth was created. An organization that every German child who reached the required age had to join.

"You are no longer your own"

The development of the organization proceeded in conjunction with the strengthening of the party’s influence; already from 1926, members of the movement everywhere participated in the NSDAP election campaigns: they distributed leaflets, put up posters, and wrote slogans. Actually, during the years of the Weimar Republic, there were repeated attempts to limit the activities of the Hitler Youth. Thus, in 1930, the authorities of Hanover established a ban on schoolchildren joining the organization; similar measures were taken in other federal states, but all of them were unsuccessful. As soon as the authorities banned any Hitler Youth cell, it was revived under a different name, for example, “Friends of Nature.” With the Nazis coming to power in 1933, the organization thoroughly strengthened its position, becoming a full part of the Nazi Party. The leader of the Hitler Youth was Baldur von Schirach, a loyal follower of Hitler who promised to unite all German youth.

United party - united youth

Just as the NSDAP became the only party in Germany, the Hitler Youth was to become the only organization of its kind. Since 1933, the party leadership has been trying to concentrate all work with German youth on its organization. The total strength of the Hitler Youth in 1934 was about three million people. In 1936, the Hitler Youth Law was issued, which established compulsory membership of almost all German children in the organization.

Youth leading youth

The Hitler Youth was organized along the lines of a real military order. Junior group: boys from 10 to 14 years old - “German Youth”; from 14 to 18 years old - the Hitler Youth itself. Women's organization within the Hitler Youth: girls aged 10 to 14 years - "Union of Girls"; from 14 to 18 years old - “Union of German Girls”. In fact, participation in the organization began at a very early age. Every year, on March 15, every boy who had reached the age of ten was required to register at the Imperial Youth Headquarters, where information about the child and his family was studied. Particular attention was paid to his “racial purity.” After medical examinations and physical tests, the candidate could be accepted into the organization.

Frontline cadres of the regime

After the adoption of the law “On the Hitler Youth”, its members automatically became future cadres of party organizations and the army. In the "Hitler Youth" top priority focused on topics such as racial theory, German history, and political regional studies. However, most important process there was physical training. All kinds of competitions were the basis for sports development. Since 1935, annual sports. Children competed in athletics, hand-to-hand combat and team sports. Since 1937, shooting from firearms. The students themselves always dreamed of fulfilling their “duty to their homeland.” Each of them wanted to serve the Reich and the Fuhrer on the battlefields. Considering that many teachers of the Hitler Youth educational institutions were military officers, the desire to “pay back their debt” increased significantly.

The collapse of German hopes

Young people who “think and act like Germans” faced a harsh reality towards the end of the war. The regime could rely on the willingness of people to make sacrifices, since dying for the Fuhrer was considered an honor. By 1944, the party leadership actively used this “value” by conscripting members of the Hitler Youth into the troops. By the end of the war, sixteen-year-old soldiers appeared in the army. Moreover, in the last weeks of the war, even twelve-year-old volunteers came to the army with the desire to “save Germany.”
“We were born to die for Germany,” read one of the typical slogans of the Hitler Youth. But the front-line experience of the “volunteers” was zero, and most front-line soldiers did not even consider them to be their “brothers in arms.” Many of their organization members died immediately in the first battle.

The section is very easy to use. Just enter the desired word in the field provided, and we will give you a list of its meanings. I would like to note that our site provides data from various sources - encyclopedic, explanatory, word-formation dictionaries. Here you can also see examples of the use of the word you entered.

The meaning of the word Hitler Youth

Hitler Youth in the crossword dictionary

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

Hitler Youth

fascist youth organization in Germany in 1926-45, operated under the control of the Nazi Party.

Wikipedia

Hitler Youth

Hitler Youth- youth organization of the NSDAP. Only boys were members of the union; for girls there was a separate Union of German Girls. Banned in 1945 during the process of denazification.

Hitler Youth (disambiguation)

Hitler Youth:

• Hitler Youth is a paramilitary youth organization in the Third Reich.
• The 12th SS Panzer Division "Hitler Youth" is a panzer division of the SS troops. Most of the division's members were members of the Hitler Youth organization, born in 1926.

Examples of the use of the word Hitler Youth in literature.

The foot of the stands was rejuvenated by their presence Hitler Youth or, more correctly, a territorial platoon of fanfarists from the Jungfolk, as well as a platoon of drummers and trumpeters from Hitler Youth A.

This was the case with the spread of Trotskyism among Soviet and then European youth, the cultivation of the Komsomol, the emergence Hitler Youth, Red Guards, young followers of Ayatolah Khomeini in Iran.

I will return to this document shortly in connection with the question of military service, now I would like to point out those parts of the document that relate to the service in Hitler Youth- this is the decree of January 2, 1942 in relation to Alsace and the decree of August 4, 1942 in relation to Lorraine.

Not as harmless as criticism in a magazine Hitler Youth, there was another unpleasant process that began shortly after Heidegger's return from Rome.

Since Greff promptly became a member of the National Socialist security forces and, starting from 1941, called himself not only a greengrocer, but also a Luftschutzwart, and in addition, at any time he could refer to two former scouts who, in the meantime, managed to achieve something in the ranks of the Jungvolk , one becoming Fenleinführer, the other - Stampführer, district administration Hitler Youth officially allowed song evenings to be held in Greff's potato cellar.

Who could: youths from Hitler Youth, old Volksturmists, untreated wounded?

History of the Hitler Youth Vasilchenko Andrey Vyacheslavovich

"Hitler Youth" during the Second World War (1939 - 1945)

The outbreak of World War II meant a drop in the standard of living for everyone social groups Third Reich - with the beginning of the war, housing construction decreased, spending on education and health care decreased. After 1942, many began to decline social payments young people, the provision of loans to newlyweds, the organization of holiday trips and the abolition of preferential prices for travel at the end of the week are gradually reduced. Boarding houses and sanatoriums were filled with refugees from areas that had been bombed. Even before the war, the shortage of workers gave rise to a law on one-year labor service for girls and young women without children. However, before the start of the war, only 50 thousand of them fulfilled this requirement of the law. Sanctions against those who did not participate in labor service were not applied by the Nazi state in the early years of the war, which was due to the growth of cheap labor among prisoners of war, as well as residents of occupied countries. In 1939–1941, there was even an outflow of women from the production sector.

Only after a radical turning point during the Second World War, associated with the defeat of Hitler’s troops at Stalingrad, did Hitler sign a decree on the widespread involvement of German men and women “in the task of defending the Reich.” According to it, all women aged 17 to 45 could be forced into labor. About 3 million girls and women were subject to the decree, over 900 thousand of them worked in military enterprises.

In the last war years, young workers, like all workers, were actually assigned to enterprises producing weapons, and their opportunities for changing jobs were limited.

The main direction of the work of the “Hitler Youth” during the war was the comprehensive involvement of young people in the war efforts of the state. In 1940, the Reich leadership of the Hitler Youth was headed by Arthur Axmann, the former deputy of Baldur von Schirach, who was appointed Gauleiter of Vienna, which was the result of a behind-the-scenes struggle. Unlike the latter, known in the circles of the Nazi leadership for his penchant for romantic rituals and pompous public events, Axman was characterized as a sober pragmatist, endowed with remarkable organizational abilities.

At Axmann's initiative, the leadership of the Hitler Youth carried out campaign after campaign, during which more and more new responsibilities were assigned to the youth. Traditional annual campaigns were also preserved, so 1940 was proclaimed “The Year of Testing Strength”, 1941 was held under the motto “Our Life is the Path to the Fuhrer”, 1942 - “Development of the East and Rural Service”, 1943 - “Youth Contribution to the War” , 1944 - “Year of Volunteers.”

The number of different youth actions throughout Germany cannot be counted. They were adapted to all age groups. Thus, pimphs had to participate in the collection of waste materials and scrap metal. The amount collected was noted for each person on a separate special card. The raw materials were used primarily for military purposes, and the funds received for them went to various funds to help the children of dead soldiers. Girls from the Hitler Youth units took part in collecting gifts and money for the wounded, and took part in concerts held by the Hitler Youth units in hospitals. In addition, teenagers were used by the NSDAP and Hitler Youth organizations as watchmen and couriers, distributors of propaganda materials. They worked as postmen, helped distribute food cards, and acted as guides through darkened cities. Members of the "Hitler Youth" could be used in stores to distribute and deliver food, and remove snow and garbage. It was declared an “honorable service” for girls to provide assistance to the families of those killed in the war in caring for children and running the household. They worked in kindergartens, hospitals, sanitary inspection centers, homes for the elderly and disabled. Cultural landings of youth from the “Hitler Youth” were organized in the countryside, where propaganda work was carried out in this way.

Such activities of the “Hitler Youth” were supposed to contribute to the formation of a “popular community” uniting in the fight against enemies during the war. The majority of young people believed in the nobility and sublimity of this goal, and they exerted difficult, often social assistance to their adult fellow citizens, thereby ensuring the strength of the rear of Hitler's army. One can cite many examples of self-denial, selflessness and even self-sacrifice shown during these actions; Providing assistance to the families of the dead, the disabled, and the elderly in the difficult conditions of the war years corresponded to the norms and values ​​of Nazi humanity, but they were used by the Nazi elite for their own criminal purposes, to prolong its dominance in the conditions of a war that was becoming increasingly hopeless for Germany.

Along with everyday actions, the nature and direction of which often changed, young people found themselves drawn into larger and longer-term campaigns. One of them was participation in the development of lands occupied by Nazi troops in the East. In February 1940, under the youth leadership of the Reich, a special bureau for the resettlement of youth “East” was established. It had close contacts with the SS and Himmler personally, who, among other things, was also the Reichskrmissar “to strengthen the German spirit” in the occupied territories of Poland and Czechoslovakia. A number of territories were declared "Hitler Youth areas", including areas in the north and north-west of Poland - along the Warta River and in the "Polish corridor". They appointed special leaders of the “Hitler Youth” to create local “Volksdeutsche” “Hitler Youth” organizations, the goal of which was to colonize these areas. As a result of the activities of this program, 300 Hitler Youth camps were created in the “eastern territories”. The “rural service” of youth also took part in the “development of the East” and “instilling the spirit of the German people.” In 1942, 30 thousand German girls and boys were involved in this action. In the same year, 28 educational institutions“Hitler Youth”, who trained a contingent from the local population capable of collaborating with the Nazis.

Since, due to the war, an acute shortage of teachers began to be felt in Germany itself, “school assistants” from the “Union of German Girls” began to be attracted to schools in the “eastern regions”. In 1944, 700 girls from the Hitler Youth worked in schools in Wartheland and Danzig - East Prussia. Their level of qualifications, as a rule, was low. Their pedagogical training was limited in most cases to 4-month courses; only 20% of them graduated from high school, while the majority were graduates of “public schools” (grades 8–9). Their responsibilities also included training German language the adult population, holding “worldview conversations” with them, consulting peasant women on child care, housekeeping, etc.

In addition to everything in agriculture for the period from June 1, 1939 to September 1944, the number of regular workers decreased by 2,297 thousand people, or almost 30%. Of these, 1,926 thousand people were drafted into the armed forces, and the rest were transferred to other sectors of the economy. To make up for these losses, the Nazi regime tried to involve large sections of the rural and urban population in agricultural production, and also sent large numbers of foreign workers and prisoners of war to the countryside. According to wartime laws, every boy and girl was required to work in agriculture for one year after graduating from school. In many areas of Germany, forced labor camps were created, in which tens of thousands of young people, without wages, only for a boarding house, were forced to work in the fields.

As mentioned above, in Nazi Germany there was a whole network of organizations designed to send young people to work in the countryside - “Rural Year”, “Rural Service” and others. In addition, numerous schools of assault and security detachments sent their pupils to the village for education. The scale of their activities during the war can be judged from data on the work of the “Rural Service” during this period. This organization represented the village in 1939 - 26 thousand people, in 1940 - 18 thousand, 1941-20 thousand, 1942-30 thousand, 1943-40 thousand. Another organization, “Rural Year,” annually sent up to 17 thousand teenagers to work in agriculture.

By a joint decision of the head of the Hitler Youth, Arthur Axman, and the Minister of Education, Rust, from 1942, students began to be widely involved in spring-autumn work. junior classes up to the age of 10 years inclusive. As a result, every year the village began to receive about 1 million additional workers.

All these youth contingents were sent to the village in the context of “village helpers”. Social legislation (even in the reduced form in which it existed in National Socialist Germany) did not apply to them. Large landowners used "rural helpers" as cheap labor, which greatly affected the position of rural workers. In general, during the war years there was a profound change in the composition of the labor force employed in agriculture. Skilled labor was replaced by semi-professional or even unskilled labor. The social composition at the level of individual villages looked approximately as follows. So in the village of Bad Freinwald (near Frankfurt an der Oder) in August 1940, instead of rural workers drafted into the army, there were 536 Wehrmacht soldiers, 155 members of the Hitler Youth, 60 students, 299 Italian workers, 600 Polish farm laborers and 1,320 prisoners of war.

Often, especially at the end of the war, boys and girls from the Hitler Youth sent to work in the occupied territories became victims of retribution from the local population. Some of them, especially those who fanatically introduced the “new order” here and were involved in the repressions carried out by the Nazi administration, were later subjected to judicial punishment. This was the price to pay for participating in the criminal policies of Hitler's Reich.

Large-scale military operations required ever new replenishment of the Wehrmacht. Throughout the war, personnel training for the armed forces was carried out through the Hitler Youth system. In 1942–1944, almost all youth of pre-conscription age were trained in specially prepared camps. Unlike the pre-war years, classes in them were mainly conducted not by Hitler Youth inspectors, but by Wehrmacht officers from units stationed in the country, or dismissed from the army due to injury. As a rule, entire classes of schoolchildren underwent military training there. Working youth studied military affairs during their vacation time.

On a large scale, through the “Hitler Youth” system, children and adolescents from cities subjected to intense bombing were relocated to the countryside. Teenagers were taken from large industrial centers to such camps for the purpose of “health improvement.” In total, 800 thousand people were housed in rural camps between 1941 and 1944. Nazi propaganda widely touted the health benefits of rural camps for displaced youth. Indeed, they were located in ecologically clean, often resort areas; boarding houses, hotels, tourist centers and shelters were used for them. They provided good food. However, the establishment of these camps was not only intended to have a healing effect, which should indicate the care of the Nazi state for the younger generation. To a large extent, the creation of rural camps was due to the desire to test in practice the Nazi system of education, excluding from it all “external influences,” including the influence of the family. Such camps created absolutely favorable conditions for the “total” education of youth in the spirit of the “national community.” When children were moved to camps, parents were prohibited from accompanying them, and restrictions were even imposed on visits. Children and teenagers were under the complete control of inspectors from members of the National Socialist Teachers' Union, leaders of the Hitler Youth and "school assistants" from the Union of German Girls. In this way, the isolation of youth from “extraneous” influences was achieved.

At the final stage of the war, the fate of many of the displaced children, especially in the territory occupied by Nazi troops, turned out to be sad. Some of the camps found themselves in a war zone, and children, often abandoned by their mentors, fell into this whirlpool. Many of the deported children and teenagers did not find their parents’ home, destroyed by the war, and faced insurmountable difficulties caused by the post-war devastation. Some died.

As the military situation in Nazi Germany worsened, young people were increasingly recruited to participate in various jobs on the home front. These works became virtually comprehensive only after Germany declared “total war” in 1943. in September 1944, the leadership of the Hitler Youth announced a “Youth Gathering” - all young people had to provide detailed information about themselves in order to subsequently involve them in certain war-related matters. they also had to immediately report all their movements.

In January 1943, a service for pre-conscription-age youth was established. As a rule, these were high school students who were recruited to serve in anti-aircraft artillery units by entire units of the “Hitler Youth”, under the command of their “Jugendfuhrers”. They were considered to be performing “youth service” rather than soldiers, but actually served in the Wehrmacht; making it possible to send adult anti-aircraft gunners to the front. These were, apparently, the “cheapest” soldiers of Hitler’s army - before reaching the age of 16 they were paid 50 pfennigs per day of service: and after this age - 20 marks per month. At the final stage of the war, even girls began to be recruited to serve in air defense units. Teenagers were also recruited to serve in the air force (in 1944, 92 thousand young men sent here from the Hitler Youth served here), and teenagers were also recruited into the navy.

At the end of the war, a recruitment of young people into the Volkssturm people's militia was announced. Despite the crushing defeats and huge losses of Hitler’s army, many members of the “Hitler Youth” retained the illusions cultivated by Nazi propaganda about the possibility of a German victory in the war and believed in the legend of the “miracle weapon.” Some of them showed readiness for senseless self-sacrifice “for the sake of the Motherland,” but in fact in order to prolong the agony of the Hitler regime.

The Deutsche Wochenschau (Weekly German Review) played a significant role in this. It was these short film clips that played a leading role in the creation of the Nazi myth of heroic self-sacrifice. At the end of 1944, in one of the issues of the Review one could see huge crowds of members of the “Hitler Youth” volunteering to go to the front. The class of 1928 was especially distinguished for its devotion to the Fuhrer and the nation. In one of its most powerful scenes, Review correctly captured youthful idealism and pathos. Thousands of young men stood in formation, and loudspeakers above the square dispassionately reported statistics on the huge number of teenagers who expressed their readiness to fight for the Fuhrer and the Fatherland. This willingness to stand to the end became clear evidence of the statement made by one of the narrators of the review: “I can die, but to become a slave, to see Germany enslaved, I cannot bear this!” And while a bravura march sounded over the square, the camera focused on one young face, a symbol of National Socialism and the willingness to sacrifice oneself. These shots of the film were especially heartfelt: the orchestra played “Our banners flutter before us” - a touching anthem of the “Hitler Youth”, a memory of bright days.

Such groups of young volunteers gave Hitler the idea of ​​dictating a widely circulated proclamation, evoking memories of Hitler's earlier, chillingly prophetic statements assuring German youth of his devotion. In 1934, he told members of the Hitler Youth: no matter what happens, they forever linked their fate with him and Germany, for this generation, in his words, was “flesh of the flesh and blood of the blood of the nation.” Hitler warned young people not to give up in the face of the enemy. At the NSDAP congress in Nuremberg in 1936, the Fuhrer said: “We are accustomed to struggle, because we came out of it. We will stand firm on the ground and withstand any storm. And you will stand next to me if such a time is destined to come.” Such an hour came on October 7, 1944. Once again the old rhetoric was brought to light, portraying the Hitler Youth's dedication to victory in the flowery language of Nazi propaganda. Here is the document:

“My Hitler Youth!

I was happy and proud to learn about your desire to go to the front as volunteers with the entire class born in 1928. At this decisive hour for the Reich, when the threat of a hated enemy loomed over us, you gave us all an inspiring example morale and reckless dedication to the cause of victory, no matter what sacrifices this requires of you. The youth of our National Socialist movement, both in the rear and at the front, lived up to all the expectations of the nation. Your volunteers have given us the clearest proof of their devotion and unwavering will to win by serving in the Hitler Youth, Grossdeutschland and Volksgrenadier units, as well as as fighters in all ranks of the armed forces. Understanding of the need for this struggle fills today the minds and hearts of the entire German nation, and especially the youth. We know the plans of the enemies aimed at the ruthless destruction of Germany. It is for this reason that we will fight even more faithfully for the sake of a Reich in which you can work and live with honor. However, as young fighters of National Socialism, you must demonstrate even more than the rest of the nation your endurance, tenacity and steadfastness. The sacrifices made by our heroic young generation will be embodied in a victory that will ensure the proud and free development of our people, the National Socialist Reich.

Adolf Gitler.

Since 1943, recruitment campaigns have been carried out to recruit teenage volunteers to serve in the main units of the Wehrmacht. 1944 was, as already mentioned, declared the “year of the volunteer.” In January 1945, the leadership of the Hitler Youth announced an “imperial conscription” into the ranks of the armed forces. Over 70% of young men born in 1928 had to declare their readiness to serve in the Wehrmacht. Girls were drafted into auxiliary corps. From September 1944 to January 1945, 150 thousand girls were recruited to serve in Hitler’s army.

Already in the conditions of the collapse of the Nazi empire, a call for “volunteers” of 15–16 years of age began to take place. From these schoolchildren soldiers, “werewolf” (werewolf) units were formed. They had to fight until their last breath. They were tasked with covering the withdrawal of Wehrmacht units and committing acts of sabotage in the rear of the anti-Hitler coalition troops. Even after the surrender Hitler's Germany some “werewolves”, among whom there were even 14-year-old teenagers, continued to carry out their combat missions because they had not received an order to cancel them. One of these battles was described by the famous Soviet journalist M. Merzhanov, who was a correspondent for the Pravda newspaper in those days: “Suddenly a bell rang at the regiment commander’s command post. The battalion commander reported that about 400 young men, dressed in black school jackets with gold buttons and black trousers, were moving in orderly order along Kolonenstrasse. The boys grew up in pious awe of tanks, airplanes, and Faust cartridges. They pronounced the names of Hitler, Goebbels, Goering, as they pronounce the names of saints, raising their hands to the sky. they walked at a slow pace and kept their Faust cartridges at the ready... These were Arthur Axman’s suicide bombers, fanatics who decided to give their lives for the Fuhrer, went on a “psychic attack”, believing that they would scare the Soviet soldiers.

What should I do? - asks the battalion commander. - Should we let them through to the rear or open fire on them?

Refrain, - the regiment commander replied, - find a way to disarm...

Meanwhile, the youths came closer. The battalion commander fired several yellow rockets - a signal indicating the leading edge of the front. But in response, the youths, coming close, began to throw faust cartridges (shoot them at Soviet positions? - A.V.) The wounded and killed appeared. The boys, with wild eyes, rushed into hand-to-hand combat. I had to open fire. For several minutes, because of the smoke and indiscriminate shooting, nothing could be understood, and then the youths, throwing faust cartridges, began to run to their rear.

The wounded schoolchildren, crying, during interrogation, told how they were led into battle by the head of the district committee, who assured that Tempelhof would be easy to take back ... "

Having already suffered final defeat, the Nazi regime carried with it into oblivion thousands of lives of teenagers and children it had deceived.

Identification mark SS divisions « Hitler Youth.

Soldiers and officers SS divisions « Hitler Youth» in Normandy

At the end of the war, the Nazi leadership even formed a special SS tank division, the Hitler Youth, staffed mainly by 17–18 year old volunteers who had previously been trained in Hitler Youth camps and then in SS military sports centers. The division first saw action on June 6, 1944, during the Allied landings in Normandy, where it suffered significant casualties.

Of course, not all German youth retained faith in the chimeras created by Nazi propaganda. During the period of the Nazi dictatorship, there was passive resistance of some young people, which was expressed in avoidance of joining the “Hitler Youth”: 8-9% of young people of the corresponding age remained not included in the “Hitler Youth”. There was also a widespread reluctance to participate in the actions and campaigns of the Hitler Youth and the Nazi leadership. Some young people tried to avoid labor and youth conscription. Parents often helped them in this, citing a lack of funds to buy Hitler Youth uniforms, shoes, sports uniforms, and the need to help the family and care for younger children. The reluctance to join the Hitler Youth clearly manifested itself during the war years, when the contradiction between the real world and its distorted propaganda reflection became increasingly obvious. Thus, in a report from the Berlin security service in August 1943, it was stated that only a small part of young people sought to join the NSDAP for ideological reasons. The majority of young people show insufficient internal readiness and indifference to joining the NSDAP. At best, the party's presence was seen as a "necessary evil" or a springboard for a professional career. Some, it was noted in the report, join the NSDAP in order to be freed from youth conscription and membership in the “Hitler Youth”, hoping that in the party they will not be so intensively involved in various actions and be under such vigilant control as in the “Hitler Youth” There was also an increase in the number of young Germans who consciously rejected joining the NSDAP.

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Hitler Youth (German Hitler-Jugend, old spelling Hitlerjugend, abbreviation HJ) is a youthful paramilitary Nazi organization led by the Reich Youth Fuhrer.
The Hitler Youth organization was founded on July 3-4, 1926 in Weimar as a National Socialist youth movement.
Advertising postcard of the Hitler Youth

IN last years The Weimar Republic's Hitler Youth contributed to the escalation of violence on the streets of German cities. Organized Hitler Youth groups attacked cinemas showing the anti-war film All Quiet on the Western Front. Violence against cinema owners and audiences led to the film being withdrawn from distribution in many regions of Germany.

Sometimes officials tried to calm down the raging youth with prohibitive measures. Thus, in January 1930, the city mayor of Hannover and former Minister of War Gustav Noske (Social Democrat) forbade schoolchildren from joining the Hitler Youth. His example was followed in other lands of the country. However, it was impossible to cope with the Hitler Youth with such measures. The Nazis used the reputation of people's fighters persecuted by the authorities to promote propaganda and attract new members to the youth organization. The brown activists who were punished presented themselves as “victims” who suffered for the truth. As soon as the authorities banned any Hitler Youth cell, it was revived under a different name, for example, “Friends of Nature” or “Young People’s Philatelists.” Fantasy knew no bounds. In Kiel, for example, a group of butcher shop apprentices marched through the streets in their blood-stained aprons when the authorities banned the wearing of the Hitler Youth uniform. “The enemies trembled at the appearance of this group. They knew that everyone had a huge knife under their apron,” recalled one of the eyewitnesses

The Hitler Youth took part in the election campaign everywhere. They distributed leaflets and brochures, pasted up posters and wrote slogans on the walls. Many parents were worried about the health of their children, since their participation in campaign work on the street was unsafe. From 1931 to the end of January 1933, more than 20 members of the Hitler Youth were killed in clashes while performing “official duty in the name of the Fuhrer” (it should be noted here that young men from pro-communist youth associations also died).
Members of the Hitler Youth. 1933

The name of the Hitler Youth from Berlin, who fell at the hands of the “red youth” in the Moabit area, quickly became known - Herbert Norkus. At one time, his widowed father, as a result of the economic crisis, was forced to sell a small grocery store. Soon he joined the NSDAP. On the morning of January 24, 1932, fifteen-year-old Herbert and his comrades were handing out leaflets to passersby. They were attacked by a group of the same teenagers from communist organization. Members of the Hitler Youth began to run, but the pursuers caught up with Norkus and stabbed him several times. The young man died from loss of blood. The killers fled.
The Nazis turned the funeral ceremony at the Plötzensee cemetery into a propaganda event. Pastor Wenzl, who served at the funeral, said in his farewell speech that “Herbert Norkus is an example for all German youth.” The then Nazi Gauleiter of Berlin, Joseph Goebbels, called on those gathered for vengeance:
“No one will take away from us the hope that the day of revenge will come. And then those who talk about humanity and love for one’s neighbor, but killed our comrade without trial, will know the strength of the new Germany. Then they will beg for mercy. It’s too late. The new Germany demands redemption."
Funeral of a Hitler Youth member

During the NSDAP congresses, Hitler Youth Day was held. During this day, party rallies were held at Frankenstadion, which is located on the territory of the NSDAP congresses.
Ernst Röhm walks around the ranks of Hitler Youth during a parade in Dortmund 07/08/1933

The leadership of the Hitler Youth tried by any means to attract young people. Solemn processions, propaganda marches and parades, war games, sports competitions, hiking trips, youth rallies, and international meetings with members of fascist youth associations in Italy and other countries were organized. Living together made the Hitler Youth very attractive to young people. Regular pilgrimages were held to Braunau am Inn, Hitler's birthplace. Any young man could find something interesting for himself in the activities of the Hitler Youth: art or folk crafts, aircraft modeling, journalism, music, sports, etc.
Members of the Hitler Youth learn to navigate the terrain. 1936

In addition to paramilitary actions, evenings were organized on Sundays, where small groups of the Hitler Youth gathered to develop plans for further actions and listen to propaganda radio broadcasts. On the other hand, the young man former member The Hitler Youth, as it were, separated from their comrades, who were such.
A poster promoting joining the Hitler Youth (the inscription at the bottom is “All ten-year-olds are in the Hitler Youth”, at the top is “Youth Serve the Fuhrer”)

Participation in the Hitler Youth began at the age of 10. Every year on March 15th, every boy who had reached the age of ten was required to register at the Imperial Youth Headquarters. After carefully studying the information about the child and his family, where Special attention was given to his “racial purity,” he was considered “free from shame.” To be accepted, it was necessary to pass the so-called "Boy Test" and a medical examination. This was followed by a solemn ceremony of admission to the younger age group - Jungfolk.
Member of the Hitler Youth. 09.1934

The ceremony was held on the Fuhrer's birthday (April 20), in the presence of high party leadership. The transition to the next age group also took place with solemnity and pomp.
In the Hitler Youth, the most important attention was paid to such topics as racial theory, population policy, German history and political regional studies. In the foreground were the “Mastering Race” and policy towards the Jews, in history - the biography of Hitler, the history of the NSDAP, political regional studies, and the greatest attention was paid to the countries of fascism.
Hitler Youth Member ID

Emblem of the Hitler Youth organization

Flag of the Hitler Youth

But much more important than mental education was physical education. Competitions were the basis of sports development. Since 1935, Reich sports competitions began to be held annually. Competitions were held in athletics, hand-to-hand combat and team sports.
1936 Hitler Youth football team

Since 1937, shooting from firearms was introduced.
Eleven-year-old members of the Hitler Youth practice rifle shooting

Every hour of the Hitler Youth was busy to the limit, and the youth barely had time for their families. Most parents did not object to this routine.
Member of the Hitler Youth with a drum. 1936

A Hitler Youth accordionist performs in front of an audience

Member of the Hitler Youth on probation in the Kriegsmarine

On December 1, 1936, with the adoption of the “Law on the Hitler Youth” (Gesetz über die Hitler-Jugend), and then on March 25, 1939, with the adoption of the “Youth Service” (Jugenddienstpflicht), previously formally voluntary participation in the movement became mandatory. With the assumption of office by the head of the organization, Baldur von Schirach, the Hitler Youth became part of the NSDAP.
Application for joining the Hitler Youth 1938

Robert Ley, Hitler Youth leader Baldur von Schirach and Propaganda Ministry Secretary Karl Hanke inspect a Hitler Youth detachment

Robert Ley, Franz Xavier Schwarz and Baldur von Schirach test the knowledge of student members of the Hitler Youth

After Baldur von Schirach, this post was taken by A. Axman. The organization was dissolved after the defeat of the Third Reich.
Hitler Youth rally 02/13/1939 at the Berlin Sports Palace. From right to left: Leader of the national women's organization Gertrud Scholz-Klink, Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler, Rudolf Hess, youth leader and Gauleiter of Vienna Baldur von Schirach, regional leader of the Hitler Youth Arthur Axmann, Colonel Rudolf von Alvensleben, Himmler's adjutant.

Hitler, giving a speech in Reichenberg (a city in the Czech Sudetenland annexed to Germany, now Liberec) at the beginning of 1938, spoke as follows about the fate of German youth:
These young people - they learn nothing else but to think in German, act in German. And when these boys and girls come to our organizations at the age of ten and often only there receive and feel fresh air for the first time, after four years they end up from the Jungvolk in the Hitler Youth, where we leave them for another four years, and then we send them to other hands of old parents and school teachers, but we are immediately accepted into the party or the Workers' Front, into the SA or SS, into the NSKK, etc. And if they stay there for one and a half or two years and do not become complete National Socialists, then they will be drafted into “Labor service” and will be polished for six to seven months with the help of some symbol - a German shovel. And what remains in six or seven months of class consciousness or class arrogance will be taken over by the Wehrmacht in the next two years. And when they return in two, or three, or four years, we will immediately take them into the SA, SS, etc., so that they will under no circumstances return to their old ways. And they will never be free again - for the rest of their lives.
Hitler Youth. 1938

Hitler Youth camp in the mountains 08/22/1938.

Miscellaneous

The organization was dissolved after the defeat of the Third Reich.

Everything new is well forgotten old. Men's fashion loves to turn to the classics and today's man's image is proof of this. The modern men's Hitler Youth hairstyle is a stylish interpretation of the haircut of the 30s. Despite such a provocative name and indirect reference to Adolf Hitler, the hairstyle is very popular. Scandalous conversations and disputes about the Hitler Youth do not subside, but the fact that she is incredibly beautiful and fashionable remains an unconditional fact.

What is she like? Why is there so much talk around her? Let's study all its features in detail in the article.

Hitler Youth - haircut like Hitler?

Not certainly in that way. Historical roots The origins of the Hitler Youth hairstyles begin in the 1930s. The first formation occurred during the National Socialist rule of Adolf Hitler. Young men from the Hitler Youth military detachment, which operated in Nazi Germany in the period 1926-1945, began to cut their hair in this manner. Neatly styled hair emphasized severity, restraint and was a clear manifestation of the Fuhrer’s cult of discipline. Later, all soldiers and officers began to decorate their heads in the same manner.

The second peak in hairstyle fashion occurred in the 80s of the last century. Stylists tried to modify the image of the Hitler Youth and move away from the provocative name. Now the haircut was associated with rich people, whose image radiated well-groomedness and success in society. A neat parting with combed back hair has become business card that era.

Image and style of the Hitler Youth

A new modern round of popularity began in 2013. Stylists began to actively use trends that were the calling card of soldiers and officers. Nowadays in salons everyone often likes to use a simple slang name - “like a Fritz.”

The hitlerjugend hairstyle complements the masculine look and goes with any style. It will look equally fashionable with a tie suit or a leather biker jacket. This style is suitable for both business and respectable men, as well as creative youth guys with tattoos.

The unusual effect is achieved thanks to the texture of shaved temples and a long top, neatly smoothed back. An excellent addition is a neat parting on the side, which emphasizes the graceful transition and contrasts between the hair.

The effect of the hairstyle guarantees the creation of a strictly open-faced image, where modification occurs due to the absence of thick strands. Very often, the haircut is complemented by smooth styling with the effect of “wet” hair. Everything is neat, strict and restrained. And that's the beauty of it.

Who suits the Hitler Youth hairstyle?

The versatility of the haircut lies in the fact that it looks very stylish and bright on any man. Regardless of clothing and image, a neat hairstyle with shaved temples and parted hair visually lengthens the face.

The effect of the haircut is lost, only in case of too round and pronounced cheeks. It is not suitable for those who have long curly hair. This contradicts the image of severe severity with shaved temples and slicked hair. Every day after the haircut, the effect will be noticeably lost.

Men and boys with thin faces and pronounced cheekbones look best in this style. The Hitler Youth fully emphasizes the beauty that was in the understanding of Europe in the 30s.

How to explain to a hairdresser

This is where the tricky part begins. “Hitler Youth” is a very provocative name, which on a subconscious level causes irritation and a lot of criticism. In 2014, there was a scandal about this in Moscow. Clients, seeing such a name in the catalog, considered it unacceptable and raised it in the media big wave disputes. Opinions were divided, but no significant changes occurred. The hairstyle only attracted more attention and acquired alternative names, making communication between the hairdresser and the salon visitor more accessible. But how should you properly explain your desires?

• You can tell the hairdresser the original name. If he is a professional and follows modern trends, he will understand the client’s requirements.
• The name “Fritz haircut” has become well established among the people. Many stylists perform this hairstyle in accordance with all the rules and established trends. Agree, a rather simple and understandable association?
• As an alternative version, the name "Preppy" can be used. It appeared in America in the 1980s and fully reflects the standards of the Hitler Youth. The renaming was done only with the aim of disowning the German troops.
• The name Undercut Prof has taken root among professional stylists. The two haircuts Undercut and Hitlerjugend are similar to each other, but the latter requires more skill and time from the hairdresser.

What are the differences between the Hitler Youth and the Undercat?

These two haircuts are easy to confuse, but despite all their similarities, they have a number of key differences. If you look at the photo of Hitler Yunegr and compare it with underkat, you will notice characteristic features:

• At the border of short and long hair there is a smooth transition with a “visor”
• When shaving the temples and back of the head with a machine, there is no sharp difference between the lengths. Hair gradually increases in size from the neck to the crown.
• The haircut requires constant styling using wax, gel or varnish.

If Undercut welcomes experiments with shapes, partings and styling, then the hairstyles of the Third Reich require complete accuracy and rigor. Only asymmetrical parting and hair styling to the side or back are allowed.

How to do a Hitler Youth hairstyle? Video of a professional stylist working

The modern technique of a hairdresser-stylist will consist of 4 main stages. On each of them, the length of the hair is adjusted and a complete image is created. It is important to achieve a smooth combination of top length and smooth hair texture.

• Stage 1. Almost the entire length of hair in the temporal area is removed under the machine. When working, use a nozzle with a height of no more than 1-2 mm. After this, the occipital region is treated using the same technology. Wherein characteristic feature is that when removing the length, the transition from the temple to the back of the head should be smooth. The texture is maintained throughout the entire area, highlighting the neatness of the look. To achieve this effect, professionals use a regular comb and cut off excess hair.
• Stage 2. The hair is pulled forward with a comb from the top of the head. A border is drawn along the eyebrow line and a triangular bang is formed with scissors. However, it should be shorter in length than the hair on the top of the head. This is done so that the strands do not fall into the eyes.
• Stage 3. The hair on top is cut to the same length. Ideally they should be more than 10 mm. A proper Hitler Youth should have a clear contrast between short and long hair. After this, the hairdresser puts the long strands together with bangs in a neat parting or combs them completely back. There are no clear rules on which side you should lay your hair on. Everyone interprets according to their own taste and style. The most important thing is to achieve smooth and natural hair at the top. The ends should not be glued together, but on the contrary, emphasize the entire texture and smoothly move to the short temples.
• Stage 4. At the end of the haircut, mandatory styling is done. Gel or wax is used for fixation. They add a harmonious “wet” effect and create a very natural and well-groomed look. A fashionable short Hitler haircut does not welcome dishevelment. Each hair must be strictly in its place.

Styling the Hitler Youth at home

Many people ask the question: “How to cut your hair with a clipper yourself at home?” Is it possible to get a high-quality “Fritz” hairstyle without going to the salon? The answer is yes. If you have a machine with short attachments on hand, then shaving your temples and the back of your head will not be difficult. The only difficulty will be creating a smooth transition to the main long hair. It is not possible to achieve such an effect on your own. But at the same time, the general features and shape are still preserved. Using a comb, a neat parting is made on the side and the hair is fixed with gel.

Which celebrities wear the Hitler Youth?

Modern styles have become a strong argument in favor of the recognition and popularity of this haircut. Hollywood stars. The first to reveal the elegance and style of the Hitler Youth to a large audience was Brad Pitt. His image of an officer in the film Fury highlighted the beauty of his hairstyle and encouraged young boys and men to make bold changes in style.

Before him, football players were regular adherents of this fashion. David Beckham and Sergio Ramos.

Another supporter is Adam Levine, lead singer of Maroon 5. His model image and manner of dressing are created for such a haircut. And he uses it regularly.

As you can see, the stars are not embarrassed by the names, but use their full potential to emphasize the excellence of their style.