Defense of a diploma is the most important stage of study at any university, which will require high dedication.

During a student's speech, the committee members do not have time to read the entire work. The subject of their close attention are two sections - introduction and conclusion. It is in the conclusion that the entire concept of the study is briefly presented and significant results are collected. The preparation of this part of the project must be taken very seriously.

What should be in the chapter conclusions thesis:

• Conclusions for Chapter 1 (theoretical) are formulated based on a study of various thematic sources. Studying the materials, you can notice their inconsistency. Therefore, the student’s primary task is to reflect his vision of the subject. It is necessary to emphasize the relevance of the topic, its significance in the scientific world and express your own opinion.
• Conclusions to Chapter 2 (analytical) are usually in the nature of recommendatory developments. Since calculations are often very voluminous, it is recommended to summarize briefly for each paragraph considered.
• The conclusion for Chapter 3 (practical) should emphasize the novelty of the research conducted. It should be indicated that the proposed activities can be applied in practice in relation to the object of study. All proposals voiced must be supported by factual material and data obtained.

How to write conclusions on a chapter in a thesis?

Most students believe that they can write in their own words, devoting several sentences to each question. However, this approach is wrong. Conclusions should be concise, but at the same time relate directly to the results of the study. We bring to your attention the following instructions:

1. Your work will consist of approximately two to three chapters, and each of them should have at least two paragraphs. To make it easier to draw a conclusion at the end of the chapter, write intermediate paragraphs for each paragraph.
2. The volume is 0.5-1 pages. It must be formulated very clearly and clearly, reflecting the main aspects of the study and the results obtained.
3. The best way to write conclusions is to summarize them with key points. The number of points themselves can range from three to ten.
4. The reader should get an idea of ​​the direction of your work and its specific results.

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Examples of conclusions for chapters in a thesis:

Chapter 1 (theoretical)

Based on the considered theoretical material on managing the profit and profitability of a construction organization, the following was established.

The key category that underlies economic development is profit. Integrity economic system, which unites all subsystems into one whole, is maintained due to its focus on making a profit. And it is precisely thanks to this guideline that the market system does not disintegrate, as happened with the Soviet economy, where profit was an artificial category without real market content. Profit arises only in disequilibrium conditions, in other words, it is the potential for disequilibrium, and this in turn stimulates entrepreneurial activity.

Chapter 2 (economic)

Based on the assessment of profit and profitability management construction company The following conclusions can be drawn.
Analysis results economic activity LLC "" for 2011 – 2013. indicate an expansion of the scale of the enterprise’s activities, which is expressed by an increase in the volume of construction work by 19,123 million rubles. or 7.52% in relative terms.
As can be seen from the analysis of the dynamics of profit in Table 2.11., the gross profit of the enterprise in 2013 increased by 12,294 million rubles, the reason for which was the higher growth rate of sales revenue than the cost of production.

Chapter 3 (suggestions)

Based on the analysis of the activities of LLC "" in the second chapter of the work, it was found that the company needs measures to increase profits and profitability of activities. Taking this into account, measures were developed to improve the efficiency of using the LLC's existing resources. Based on the implementation of the proposed measures, the profit of the enterprise will be n - 157,023 million rubles, profitability will increase by 11.99%, which is a positive trend in the work of the enterprise, since the funds that remain at the disposal of the company after paying dividends, according to the proposed measures, amount to 55%. These funds can be used to update fixed assets and replenish revolving funds enterprises.

Thus, according to the proposed measures to improve the capital structure through optimization, it has an economic effect of 280.21% and its application is appropriate.

An essay is a test of knowledge, so when creating it you have to try to do everything as correctly as possible. One of the required elements is write a conclusion in an essay. This is essentially a report, so Special attention Please pay attention to compliance with standards and regulations. The conclusion in the abstract is the final stage of work on the main section. If it is strong, then even a mediocre presentation of the topic can be saved. Competent conclusions will allow you to avoid questions from the teacher.

The conclusion in the abstract is a section that makes up 5-10% of the total volume. The purpose of writing a conclusion is to systematize knowledge, summarize, highlight statements, and outline what has been achieved. The reviewer must understand what issues have been addressed and whether they can be addressed practical use.

Conclusion of the abstract:

• analyzes and structures content;
• defines the main thing;
• answers the main question;
• summarizes the theoretical and practical part;
• creates a positive impression of the material.

The purpose of the conclusion of the abstract is to emphasize the significance of the work and draw attention to the most important things. This section briefly describes all the work, methods for achieving the goal, results, characteristics of the problem, and the author’s recommendations. The most important thing is to write harmonious conclusions to each paragraph of the essay in the conclusion.

How to draw conclusions in an essay

Although according to GOST conclusions at the end of chapters are not required, they improve the quality of the material as they systematize the content. This is the author’s attitude, opinion about the information presented, a new look at it. Conclusions are related to the tasks and goals set in the introduction of the abstract.

Writing conclusions in an abstract does not mean rewriting in other words the information presented in the work. This is a systematization of the studied material in order to create your own point of view on the research problem. Novelty is not needed, but the author's opinion is required. From the point of view of syntax, these are logical judgments, consisting of previously expressed and proven theses, justified by each other. This does not mean that the rationale is created by the author. It is the conclusion of the authors whose works are used in the material.

The results are subject to the laws of logic. They are based on a specific job. Methodologically, this is a generalization, definition general characteristics subject, indicating the ability to identify the general from different approaches and concepts.

It is not for nothing that most teachers consider the conclusions in the abstract to be the most difficult part. These are the author’s thoughts, an indicator of the degree of elaboration of information. Conclusions are closely related to objectives, purpose and content. The main characteristic is specificity, clarity of formulation, based on statistical and analytical data.

Conclusions are statements based on an analysis of sources and research results. The author insists on the statement because he has verified its authenticity and can prove it. This is his point of view, which he is ready to defend.

There are 3 methods used to write conclusions:

1. deductive – from general to generalization;
2. inductive – from individual facts to generalization;
3. based on other people's conclusions.

Using the first method, conclusions should be written for each paragraph. This requires fluency in information related to the topic. If a student encounters new information, he or she may not have enough knowledge to present the data in a logical sequence. In such situations, instead of systematization and generalization, duplication of information results.

When using the second method, external sources are taken as a basis. The third method can be used if you can find data that is completely relevant to the topic. If this condition is not met, the conclusions will be absurd and stand out against the background of the main text.

How to write a conclusion to an essay

After writing the main part, you need to collect conclusions to the paragraphs, systematize them, paraphrase them, and get rid of contradictions. If the volume is not enough, additional data should be added, focusing on the subject and purpose of the study. The conclusions in the conclusion of the abstract should have the same focus as the material as a whole. These are briefly stated thoughts that do not contradict the topic, the essence of the problem under consideration.

If the teacher does not require the formation of conclusions at the end of each chapter, the conclusion should be written as the logical conclusion of the work. Read the main part again and try to retell it in abstract. Write down the theses - they will become the basis of the conclusion. It is not necessary to review every chapter. The main condition is to stick to the topic indicated on and. All points should create a coherent structure, smoothly flowing into each other.

The conclusion in the abstract should be written separately from the general part. “Conclusion” is written on a separate page, aligned in the middle. 2 indents are made. The font, size and line spacing are the same as in the main part. It is unacceptable to draw up a conclusion in the form of a transfer.

Try to write the conclusion in such a way that the conclusions do not contain meaningless words. Try to avoid identical or cognate words too close to each other. You can copy phrases from the material. The style is journalistic, partly scientific.

The conclusion to the abstract can be written using the following phrases:

• To sum up, we can say;
• From the research results it can be concluded;
• summing up the research and analysis, we can note;
• we came to the conclusion;
• To summarize, we can say;
• Based on the above, we can conclude.

Should not be included in the conclusion new information. This is a summary of the abstract, a listing of the results.

Sample conclusion in an abstract

Sample conclusion in an essay on the topic “Fundamentals healthy image life":

So, in conclusion of the abstract, it can be noted that the careless attitude of some people in our society towards their health causes socio-economic, moral and psychological damage to the family, production team and society as a whole; largely depends on the shortcomings in the functioning of the system of physical education of children and youth in the recent past.

Per condition human body Psychosomatics has a significant influence, so sometimes the following conditions of a healthy lifestyle are distinguished: emotional, intellectual and spiritual well-being. The benefits of a daily routine cannot be questioned. Therefore it is necessary systems approach to time distribution. A correctly selected regime consists of alternating periods of physical and mental work with periods of relaxation of the body. Thus, sleep should consist of 7-8 hours a day for an adult.
The importance of rationally selected nutrition has also been clarified. A healthy lifestyle goes hand in hand with proper nutrition.

Physical education is one of the fundamental elements of a healthy lifestyle. The current level of development of technological progress has significantly simplified human life, but with this positive influence, human motor activity has significantly decreased. Nowadays, people walk significantly less. Movement is necessary for the normal functioning of the body. Choice physical activity depends only on the age, physical capabilities and individual desires of the person.

An example of a correct conclusion in an abstract

An example of the conclusion of an essay on the topic “Modern industrial city and sports practices”

At the end of the abstract, we will draw brief conclusions based on the results of studying the problem:

— It has been revealed that in the conditions of modern industrial cities there are certain conditions in which this activity could manifest itself as a sport and support it with appropriate social attitude state, regional and municipal development policies are called upon physical culture and sports. One of the main tasks is to ensure the territorial and price accessibility of sports and leisure institutions, mainly sports schools. This also requires the development and implementation of municipal policies in the field of development of sports practices in large industrial cities.

— The development of the subject of research is hampered by three large blocks of problems: economic, social and political. At the same time, studying the practice of implementing municipal programs aimed at developing sports practices in major cities shows that city administrations determine the goals, directions and time frames for modernizing the system of additional sports-oriented education. A number of authors believe that with a sufficient level of funding, these mechanisms for implementing programs on the topic studied in the abstract will help to bring new level development of sports in large cities, subject to further commercialization of the process of development of sports practices at the municipal level.

How to finish an essay

Anyone can write a high-quality conclusion. In order to conclude, give some tips to solve the problem. You can also indicate the value of the research. It would not be amiss to evaluate whether the assigned tasks were completed and what the research managed to achieve.

A prerequisite when writing an abstract is high level literacy. Even for a student studying the basics of economics, it is unacceptable to submit a paper with punctuation and stylistic errors.

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How to show the coursework supervisor that its author has coped with the task? Write the correct conclusion to the project. It is this that will allow you to earn a high score during the audit and will help familiarize the commission members with the amount of work done if the project needs to be defended. But even if the defense does not take place in front of an outside audience, the work supervisor may ask you to make a report on the course work in front of your fellow students. In both cases, the conclusion will help you cope with the task. How to write it in order to interest listeners and convince them of the seriousness of the work done?

Plan diagram for drawing up a conclusion to course work.

The final part of the project should not surprise listeners and commission members. Its task is to show (convey) the developments, ideas, results and usefulness of the work performed to colleagues, using accessible scientific language. This means that the author of the project will need to highlight the basic and secondary points of the coursework. Then, based on the first ones, compose the final text.

The structure will be as follows:

• The relevance of the problem under consideration. It is necessary to recall what scientific problem was studied, why it was chosen, and what consequences the solutions found had. Justifying the relevance, the author talks about the usefulness and value of his work.
• Consideration of the goals and objectives of the study. They were discussed in detail in the introduction, and therefore the final part should say that the author achieved his goals and solved the problems. Don’t be afraid to use the following phrases: “I’m in the process of research work came to the conclusion...", "I analyzed and solved the following problems..." and so on. The conclusion reflects what has already been done, and therefore the emphasis must be on the results.
• Description of the subject, object, research situation. There is no need to go into details; it is necessary to briefly mention the object of the study so that it is easier for colleagues or committee members to switch to the results.
• A story about the mechanisms and research methods used. Here it is worth clearly indicating the usefulness of the methods used for research. You can mention why they were used and not others. This approach will show the manager that the author of the project has worked a large number of options.
• Detailed demonstration of results. The most capacious point of the final part. It is necessary to show in accessible scientific language what results the author achieved during the research work.

At the end of the conclusion, you need to show the potential of the completed scientific research. This block should not be missed if the student’s plans include the desire to continue working on the topic as part of the diploma.

Basics of formatting the output of coursework

The structure does not have to be the same as above. The project manager may require that only the results of the work and the methods used in finding solutions be presented. It is worth finding out in advance what the teacher wants to see as a conclusion. But whatever he recommends, the volume of the final text should not be more than 2-4 pages. The volume is calculated as follows: the output according to GOST is about 10% of total number pages of the work itself.
It is not worth exceeding the established number of sheets if the author wants as many people as possible to read about the work he has done. more people. Only the supervisor will read the full text of the course project; the rest of the defense participants will only read the conclusion or introduction. They will read the part that is written succinctly and briefly.

1. Connectivity of blocks. The final part is compiled according to a scheme, each block of which must be logically connected with the next.
2. Brevity and clarity of presentation. It is worth removing complex sentences, difficult-to-understand phrases, etc.
3. Saturation with facts. It is not the work done that matters, but the results obtained. In the conclusion the emphasis is placed on them.

In the final word, duplication of text from the main project and the introduction should not be allowed. This is an independent part of the project demonstrating success.

Written conclusions for coursework on:

1. Written conclusion to course work on economic analysis of an enterprise

CONCLUSIONS AND OFFERS

When writing the course work, an analysis of the enterprise showed that it has a clear and proven tendency to develop along an intensive path. With a constant area, the enterprise achieved high economic indicators.

But at the same time, many shortcomings were identified that led to a decrease in yield, and as a trail, a decrease in profits and profitability.

To get out of the difficult economic situation, scientists have proposed various ways to increase the use of land through the introduction of scientific and technological progress.

A program to overcome the situation was developed specifically for this enterprise. Implementation the latest system irrigation. Which allows you to use water rather than electricity during frosts, which significantly reduces costs, increases productivity and saves it from frost next year.

The introduction of other technologies is not advisable and requires additional costs. But these technologists also decide this problem but have many more disadvantages than the proposed system.

In general, the enterprise is thinking about an intensive development system and introducing new technologies, growing frost-resistant and high-yielding seedlings that do not lose the harvest during frosts. All proposed methods must be used in combination, which will lead to further development. But you cannot stop there; you must conduct your activities in the same direction.

2. Conclusion to course work on enterprise economics

CONCLUSIONS OF THE COURSE WORK

The conclusion is written on two sheets

Download full text conclusions for the course work -

3. Conclusion to the course work on vegetable growing

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS OF COURSE WORK

This area has good soil and climatic conditions for growing vegetables, and high yields can be obtained. There is also a public demand for fresh and early vegetables. For the vegetable growing industry to be profitable it is necessary:

1. increase the level of agricultural technology, compliance with crop rotation;

2. implementation the latest techniques growing vegetables;

3. introduce the latest high-yielding varieties and hybrids;

4. sowing is carried out with elite and super-elite seeds;

5. to obtain early products - the introduction of the seedling method;

6. water vegetables in a timely manner, at optimal rates;

7. improve the system of plant protection from pests and diseases;

8. apply the required amount of organic and mineral fertilizers;

9. Vegetable harvesting should be done as mechanized as possible.

4. Conclusion to course work on agricultural economics

Conclusions and proposals of course work

OJSC "Pridneprovskoye" of the Novovorontsovsky district is a fairly large enterprise that specializes in the production of crop products. This is facilitated by the presence of vast arable areas and the provision of this industry with mechanized means of production.

The second most important sector is the livestock industry, which is represented by cattle breeding and pig breeding. In the structure of commercial products, the share of livestock farming is only 32.8%. The main products obtained from this industry are milk, cattle meat, and pork.

In general, livestock products in last years tends to be unprofitable and have low profitability of products. With an increase in production costs and direct labor costs, this industry is experiencing an increase in production costs. As a result, these costs are not covered by revenue from the sale of products and the farm not only reduces profits, but also suffers losses.

But with the help of measures being developed on the farm with the aim of further intensifying livestock production and increasing its efficiency, the first positive changes will appear in the near future.

Currently, many farms in the region are characterized by the decline of livestock industries. However, gradually overcoming difficulties, they again move towards recovery.

Hello, dear friends and readers! The written work is already ready and all that remains is to make a conclusion or? Let's look at how to do this correctly. It's quite simple. Let's see for clarity short example and the order of writing.

To understand how to write a conclusion, first I suggest you understand its concept. In essence, it is a summary and in many cases takes up no more than 2 pages of printed text. Maybe just one paragraph. It all depends on the topic, type and volume of the work itself.

Order of writing the conclusion

The conclusion is based on the following nuances:

1. Goals. They are present in any work. It is advisable to identify them.
2. Methods. There is no need for voluminous details; it is enough to describe how (method, method) all goals or each of them were achieved separately.
3. results- This is perhaps the most important part. They can be made for each purpose separately or for all of them together.
4. The final result. It is an optional “element” for small works. However, in a larger work it can be made as a “global” conclusion to the main conclusion.

You can write the conclusion directly in the same order. In general, the ability to do them correctly will be useful not only in written works, but also in life in general. In particular, for example, in the field of making money on the Internet.

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Decor

I’ll say right away that you shouldn’t write in continuous text. You can create lists as well as short paragraphs. Everything should be written clearly, understandably and to the point.

Individual design requirements may apply. It is advisable to clarify them with the teacher or the relevant reference information educational institution. There may already be ready-made samples.

The only most “universal” requirement is that you need to write a unique conclusion. It will be right. You should not copy significant sections of the text and assemble conclusions from them. All information must be analyzed and a unique conclusion must be written.

Example

As an example, I will show how you can write a conclusion to this article. Since it is small, the first three points will be taken into account from the order of writing described above. In addition, I will use lists and division into paragraphs. So, let's move directly to the conclusion.

Key Goal articles - provide background information on the correct writing of conclusions to various works to users of the global network.

To achieve the goal fulfilled the following actions:

• relevant information is prepared, systematized and presented in writing;
• The article was published on the author's blog at the website address.

It is quite possible to write the following conclusion for this publication. It would be enough. Of course, you can still strive for the ideal. I just wanted to show a simple example of a correct conclusion.

I’ll finish the main idea here. Finally, I wanted to ask one question. Would you like to go online? I note that the key topics of this site are normal ways to make money and finance on the Internet. Quite a few educational materials have been published. There will be even more. Subscribe. Until new “meetings” on the blog.