Physico-geographical features The topography of the territory where the reserve is located is low-mountain, formed by the southern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin (Przhevalsky Mountains). The average height of the mountains is meters above sea level, with individual peaks reaching meters. The sources of mountain rivers in canyon-like narrow valleys are unique and beautiful. Here there are small waterfalls and water boilers in the rocky ground, filled with transparent cold water. The climate in general can be described as summer - warm and humid with moderately harsh winters with little snow. The coldest month is January ( average temperature-17.9º C), the warmest is August (+19.7º C). The absolute minimum on the soil is -32º C, the maximum is +60º C.

History of creation The main wealth of the Ussuri Nature Reserve is a fairly large array of virgin liana coniferous and broad-leaved forests, of which almost none have survived in Russia. Far East, nor in neighboring countries. The reserve is named after Academician Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov, the largest Russian botanist and flora researcher East Asia. He was the first to describe this territory, visiting it in 1913. The reserve was created back in 1932, since then its area has increased significantly, which now amounts to 40.4 thousand hectares.

Flora of the reserve The flora of the reserve is almost completely composed forest species. These are mainly cedar-deciduous forests. They are distinguished by high species diversity and in terms of this indicator have no analogues either in Russia or within the borders former USSR. There are often areas of cedar forests where only trees, shrubs and vines grow to species. The species richness of the grass cover is even greater; it contains many rare plants, including ginseng. In addition to ginseng, the Red Book species include hard juniper, mountain peony, Chinese prinsepia and other species.

Fauna of the reserve The fauna of the reserve is typical for coniferous - broad-leaved and broad-leaved forests. Wild boar, wapiti, musk deer, white-breasted bear, and weasel live here. Common birds include warblers, blue nightingales, nuthatch, and hazel grouse. The largest beetle of Russian fauna - the relict longhorned beetle - lives here, large tropical butterflies - Saturnia Artemis, Brahmea Tancra, Maak's tail-bearer. Interestingly, several attempts to "diversify" species composition fauna did not bring the expected results. Thus, the release of Barguzin sables in the 60s was not effective in accelerating the restoration of the range. The introduction of sika deer also did not bring results.

“Baikal Nature Reserve” - Listvyanka - Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Baikal. In the village Baikal environment. There is a lot of precipitation (up to 900 mm per year); winter is snowy. Pribaikalsky national park. Baikal folding. Area 165,724 hectares. Animal world typically mountain taiga. The flora of the reserve includes 800 species of plants: birch, aspen, cedar, spruce.

“Voronezh Reserve” - The forest area is unique: 133 species of shrubs and trees, more than 900 species of herbs. From tiny shrews to moose, from wrens to gravedigger eagle. The Voronezh Nature Reserve was responsible for supplying the animals. On the territory of the reserve, from year to year, Scientific research. The activity of the reserve is limited to the protection of beaver, elk and forest.

“Caucasian Nature Reserve” - For every 100 m rise above sea level, the temperature drops by 0.5 degrees. Nature of the Caucasus Nature Reserve. Of course, the most vulnerable link natural ecosystems are large mammals. Among the birds, representatives of the orders Passeriformes and Falconiformes predominate. The reserve is located on the border of temperate and subtropical climate zones.

“Specially protected territories” - Article 83. Individuals are obliged to 1) comply with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of specially protected areas natural areas. Rules for visiting protected areas individuals. Regulatory acts on specially protected natural areas. Section 19. - Rules for visiting specially protected natural areas dated February 2, 2007 No. 44.

“Reserves of the Urals” - What parts of the Urals are known? Bashkir Nature Reserve. Conclusion. Data from 1994. Brown bear. Fill out the table. Hawk. Lynx. It consisted of three sections: Uraltau, South Krak, Pribelsky. Conclusion: Owl. Changes in the nature of the Urals economic activity person. Years of life 1883-1945 Causes of environmental problems.

Location The Kuril Nature Reserve is located in the Far East, in the Sakhalin region, actually on the border with Japan. It is located on the island of Kunashir and several other nearby islands of the Lesser Kuril Ridge. The Kuril Nature Reserve is located in the Far East, in the Sakhalin region, actually on the border with Japan. It is located on the island of Kunashir and several other nearby islands of the Lesser Kuril Ridge.

The area of ​​the southern section is hectares. The relief is low-mountain, with absolute heights of m. In the central part of the reserve, in the caldera of the Golovkin volcano, there is a lake. Hot and connected by a channel of the lake. Boiling. In the northern part of the southern section of the lake. Sandy lagoonal origin. The rivers flow into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Alekhina and the Vodopadny, Krivopotka and Bystry streams. The area of ​​the southern section is hectares. The relief is low-mountain, with absolute heights of m. In the central part of the reserve, in the caldera of the Golovkin volcano, there is a lake. Hot and connected by a channel of the lake. Boiling. In the northern part of the southern section of the lake. Sandy lagoonal origin. The rivers flow into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Alekhina and the Vodopadny, Krivopotka and Bystry streams.

The area of ​​the northern section is equal to hectares. The relief is mid-mountain, of volcanic origin, with an absolute height of 1822 m (Tyatya volcano). The rivers Tyatinka, Saratovskaya and Nochka flow into the Pacific Ocean; the rivers flow into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Avian.

The third site with an area of ​​96 hectares consists of a group of small islands Demina and Oskolki. The latter includes the islands of Fox, Shishki and the rocks Peshernaya, Parus, Svecha and Kira. The third site with an area of ​​96 hectares consists of a group of small islands Demina and Oskolki. The latter includes the islands of Fox, Shishki and the rocks Peshernaya, Parus, Svecha and Kira.

The climate of the reserve The climate of Kunashir is humid, maritime and characterized by the dominance of the East Asian monsoons. In addition, the island's climate significant influence are influenced by warm and cold sea currents. So, from the north and west the island is washed by warm current, and from the south and east by a branch of the cold Kuril Current. The climate of Kunashir is humid, maritime and characterized by the dominance of the East Asian monsoons. In addition, the island's climate is significantly influenced by warm and cold sea currents. So, from the north and west the island is washed by a warm current, and from the south and east by a branch of the cold Kuril Current.

Winters are snowy and mild, but winds reaching hurricane force of up to m/s are not uncommon. Warm subtropical air periodically penetrates in winter, causing thaws of up to 8-10°. The amount of precipitation reaches 1000 mm or more per year. On the warmer Okhotsk coast of Kunashir, spring and, accordingly, the growing season of plants and nesting of birds begin days earlier than on the coast Pacific Ocean, and in summer and autumn there are more warm sunny days. Winters are snowy and mild, but winds reaching hurricane force of up to m/s are not uncommon. Warm subtropical air periodically penetrates in winter, causing thaws of up to 8-10°. The amount of precipitation reaches 1000 mm or more per year. On the warmer Okhotsk coast of Kunashir, spring and, accordingly, the growing season of plants and nesting of birds begin days earlier than on the Pacific coast, and in summer and autumn there are more warm sunny days.

Fauna Most large animal Brown bear. The coniferous forests of the northern protected area are inhabited by sable. Numerous foxes, white hare. Weasel and ermine are rare. Among the insectivores, there are clawed and Far Eastern shrews. The largest animal is the brown bear. The coniferous forests of the northern protected area are inhabited by sable. Fox, hare and white hare are numerous. Weasel and ermine are rare. Among the insectivores, there are clawed and Far Eastern shrews.

The main inhabitants are considered to be the yew tit, Japanese yellow-backed flycatcher, Japanese accentor and rufous sparrow. Rare birds are green, pigeon, great piebald kingfisher. Kunashir is the southern wintering place of the pink gull. TO rare species Diurnal predators include white-tailed and Steller's eagles and the golden eagle. The largest of the night birds of prey fish owl. Colonial sea birds: Pacific sea gull, rhinoceros puffin, etc. The main inhabitants are considered to be the yew tit, Japanese yellow-backed flycatcher, Japanese accentor and rufous sparrow. Rare birds are green, pigeon, great piebald kingfisher. Kunashir is the southern wintering place of the pink gull. Rare species include diurnal predators: white-tailed and Steller's eagles and golden eagle. The largest of the nocturnal birds of prey is the fish owl. Colonial sea birds: Pacific sea gull, rhinoceros puffin, etc.

All types of reptiles are endemic to Kunashir. These include the Far Eastern skink lizard and three species of snakes: the island snake, the small-scaled snake and the Japanese snake. Of the amphibians, two species have been noted: the Far Eastern tree frog and the Far Eastern frog. Some islands that are part of the reserve serve as molting, resting and breeding grounds for the largest seals of the Far Eastern Pacific basin, sea lions and anturus. All types of reptiles are endemic to Kunashir. These include the Far Eastern skink lizard and three species of snakes: the island snake, the small-scaled snake and the Japanese snake. Of the amphibians, two species have been noted: the Far Eastern tree frog and the Far Eastern frog. Some islands that are part of the reserve serve as molting, resting and breeding grounds for the largest seals of the Far Eastern Pacific basin, sea lions and anturus.

Ussuri Nature Reserve

About the reserve Ussuriysk State Nature Reserve is a specially protected natural area in Russia. Located to the south. spurs of the Sikhote-Alin, in the Primorsky Territory. The reserve is under the management of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation. The main wealth of the Ussuri Nature Reserve is a fairly large array of virgin liana coniferous and broad-leaved forests. The reserve is named after Academician Vladimir Leontievich Komarov, the largest Russian botanist and researcher of the flora of East Asia. He was the first to describe this territory, visiting it in 1913. The reserve was created back in 1932, since then its area has increased significantly, which now amounts to 40.4 thousand hectares.

Climate The territory of the reserve is part of the Amur-Ussuri climatic region of the temperate zone with well-defined features of the monsoon climate of East Asia. The average annual air temperature is 2.5° C. The temperature of the coldest month (January) is on average −17.9° C, the warmest (August) is 19.7° C; the absolute minimum on the soil is 32° C, maximum 60° C. The amount of precipitation varies from year to year from 500 to 1200 mm and averages 700-800 mm. Average annual air humidity is 70-80% (lowest in April-May, highest in July-August).

Flora The reserve is dominated by forest vegetation; the forested area accounts for 40,291 hectares. The most characteristic tree species are Korean pine (Korean cedar), whole-leaved and white fir, Ayan spruce, yellow birch, Amur, Manchurian and Take lindens, Manchurian walnut, etc. In total, 868 species of vascular plants, 252 of bryophytes, and bryophytes were recorded in the reserve. 118 - lichens, 1364 - fungi and 210 species of algae. Rare species listed in the “Red Book of Russia” include hard juniper, true ginseng, calopanax seven-lobed, prinsepia chinensis, dense-flowered pine, pointed yew and tall yew..

Fauna The background animals of the reserve are wild boar, red deer, badger, weasel, squirrel, red-gray vole, hazel grouse, yellow-throated and gray-headed buntings, tits - white-bellied and black-headed chickadees, hoary, white-backed and great spotted woodpeckers. The following are listed in the Red Book of Russia: Amur tiger, East Siberian leopard, mandarin duck, black stork, Ussuri clawed newt. Vertebrates are represented by 62 species of mammals (including those from the Red Book - the giant shrew, Amur tiger, Far Eastern forest cat, sika deer, Himalayan bear, etc.); more than 160 species of birds (among them the Red Book species - mandarin duck, black stork, spine-footed owl, hawk buzzard, crested honey buzzard, etc.), 7 species of reptiles, 6 species of amphibians (including the Ussuri clawed newt listed in the IUCN Red Book), 12 Species of fish and cyclostomes The world of invertebrate animals is no less rich; 32 species are rare and endangered (Uvarov's grasshopper, narrow-breasted ground beetle, etc.). The largest beetle of Russian fauna - the relict longhorned beetle - lives on the territory of the reserve, large butterflies- Saturnia Artemis, Brahmea Tancré, Maak's tail-bearer, a freshwater mollusk is found here - the Primorskaya pearl mussel.