Goal: to develop the ability to apply in practice the rules of spelling vowels after sibilants.
- Practice the skill of recognizing hissing sounds in words and correctly designating in writing the combination of these sounds with the vowels A, U.
- Learn to apply the acquired knowledge of competent writing when working independently.
- Develop memory, thinking, attention.
- To instill interest in the poetic word through the work of A.S. Pushkin.
Equipment:
- Letters h, sch.
- Recording for penmanship.
- Dictionary word wind + encrypted.
- Tests.
- Exercise equipment.
- Faces (cheerful, sad, with a question).
- Hourglass.
- Slides. (Annex 1)
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organizational moment
Guys, today our lesson will be unusual. We have a lot of guests. We're all worried. But you are capable, smart. And working together, we will succeed.
The lesson will be unusual also because it is fabulous. Together with the heroes of fairy tales by A.S. Pushkin we will go on a journey. Write numbers in class.
Like any fairy tale, our lesson begins with magic. Close your eyes and imagine - the sea, the waves splashing (all this is depicted on the board, the music of the sea sounds), open your eyes. Help me remember the lines from the fairy tale “About Tsar Saltan”:
The wind blows across the sea...
Children.
And the boat speeds up;
He runs in the waves
With full sails...
But our ship is large, and it cannot sail only with the help of the wind. And since this is a fairy tale, the ship will be able to set off only when you tell everything about the letters that you see on the board.
On the desk: CH
/These are consonant letters that denote dull, always soft sounds/
II. A minute of penmanship
Let's write these letters. Determine the pattern of writing letters in the chain.
Ch sch sch sch schch schsch
/First, one letter CH Ш, then two letters, etc./
What is the connection between these letters?
/Upper/
Write down a line of combinations without breaking the pattern.
Remember the rules that are associated with these letters.
/CHA–SCHA write with the letter a
CHU-SHU write with the letter U/
Why are the letters A and U written, and not Z and Y?
Formulate the topic and purpose of the lesson.
III. Vocabulary work
So we hit the road.
(Departure sound)
The wind blows across the sea
And the boat speeds up;
He runs in the waves
With full sails...
Hidden in the lines that I just said was vocabulary word. Decipher it. (Appendix 2)
W e r t
(Card with the word wind)
Find the unstressed vowel in the word.
/This is an unstressed vowel e/
Write the word in the dictionary, put the emphasis, underline the letter you need to remember.
Make up a two-word sentence with the word wind.
Spread it out by adding one word each time you repeat it and repeating all the words previously spoken.
/There is a strong wind outside/
Write this sentence down from memory.
IV. Learning new material
And suddenly towards us -
Slide 3
Thirty-three heroes
In the scales of golden grief,
All the handsome men are young,
Giants are daring.
Everyone is equal, as if by selection;
Uncle is with them... (D. Chernomor)
U. Chernomor has prepared a task for you. In the lines that he will show you, you need to find words with the combinations cha-scha, chu-schu, write them down in a notebook and explain their spelling.
We work at the board in a chain. (Children read the text, choose a word with the combination cha-sha, pronounce the rule, write down the word, underline the spelling)
A cloud is moving across the sky
A barrel floats on the sea.
/The word cloud – there is a combination cha, we write it with the letter a, because ch already means a soft sound/
Slide 5
Stars in the blue sky shine,
Waves in the blue sea whip.
Slide 6
That's what, prince, you embarrassing!
Don't bother my soul,
This miracle I know.
In these lines, find the word with the spelling that you learned in previous lessons.
/Don’t push, the spelling is zhi/
Remember the rule for writing ZHI–SHI combinations.
Physical education minute
We continue our journey, and while our ship is sailing, let’s rest a little.
I will say the words. If a word contains a hissing sound [h] or [uh], then you crouch and pronounce this sound loudly. If you don’t hear these sounds, you jump high.
The Tsar, the mighty, the shipmen, the father, the honest one, the weaver, the cook, Babarikha, the barrel, the little animal, squeaked.
V. Consolidation of what has been learned
U. Well done, let's continue the journey.
Slide 7
The wind makes a cheerful noise,
The ship is running merrily...
We found ourselves on the island of Buyan and what miracle did we meet?
D.
Spruce in the forest, under the spruce squirrel,
Squirrel sings songs
And he gnaws all the nuts,
And nuts are not simple...
There is a picture on the board: squirrels.
There's a word in every nut .
Read the written words one by one.
Task, prey, grove, brush, cabbage soup, food, cave ra, miracle, cast iron, candle.
/Words with combinations CHA, SCHA, CHU, SCHU and words without these combinations/
What words do you not understand?
What two groups can they be divided into, given the topic of the lesson?
In pairs, complete the following task: write down only words with the combinations CHA-SCHA, CHU-SCHU, underline the combinations.
What words did you write down? One person reads the words and names the combinations, the rest check their notes.
VI. Independent work
Slide 10
The sea makes a cheerful noise,
The ship is running merrily
Past Buyan Island
To the kingdom of the glorious Saltan...
And in the kingdom of the glorious Saltan:
Slide 11
Cockerel from a high knitting needle
Guards its borders...
There is a picture on the board: a cockerel.
The cockerel from “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel” invites you to work in rotating pairs.
Guys of the 2nd and 1st options, switch places. Your task is to complete the test (test only for strong students).
Assignment: test
Choose the correct answer:
What can you see, write, print?
1. Sound.
2. Letter
Choose sibilant consonants that always represent a soft sound.
1. Shch, Ch.
2. J, Sh.
Cross out the wrong answer
1. The letters CH, Ш love Ya, Yu.
2. The letters CH, Ш love A, U.
Insert the necessary vowels after the sibilants
CHA and SCHA, SCHU and CHU - I’ll memorize these syllables!
Sch..ka, grove.., tower...,
B... to, b... siki, s ve h….
Cha and ShchA; SHCHU and CHU –
I'll get an A!
Sign the pieces of paper and pass them to the first desk.
Well done! You worked very well in pairs.
Now I will ask you to take your seats.
VII. Working with the textbook
There was noise in our class.
U. Guys, listen:
So the angry waves swelled,
So they walk, howl and howl...
Even the waves heard our noise.
The fish from the fairy tale “About the Fisherman and the Fish” is dissatisfied with us. What have we forgotten? We forgot about our logbook (textbook). Let's open it and find the following guidelines: page 40, exercise 67. Read the task, what needs to be done in the exercise? We carry out this work according to options. The first option is to complete lines 1 and 2 of the exercise , to the second - 3 and 4.
Children complete the task. The check is carried out randomly.
VI. Homework
At home, do the work of the neighboring option. Ex. 67 (1, 2 line), (3, 4 line).
While we were working, another hero approached.
Slide 15
And Balda is making noise over the sea again
Yes, he threatens the devils with a rope.
What fairy tale is this hero from?
Balda says:
Now it's my turn
I will set the conditions myself,
I'll give you a task, enemy.
Complete the exercise task.
I give you 2 minutes to complete the task.
Sign the pieces of paper and pass them to the first desk.
That's the end of the fairy tale, but who listened...
D. Well done.
And along with the fairy tale, our lesson ended, it’s time to return to class.
(The music of the sea sounds)
Close your eyes and imagine - the sea, the waves splashing (all this is depicted on the board, the music of the sea sounds), open your eyes.
Slide 17
VIII. Summing up the entire lesson
Traveling through Pushkin's fairy tales, what did you learn?
IX. Reflection
Those who can now always correctly write words with the combinations CHA-SCHA, CHU-SCHU stand next to the “I understood everything” icon (cheerful face).
Those who have difficulties, stand next to the “I have questions” icon.
Those who haven’t understood anything yet, stand next to the “Not everything is clear yet” icon.
In the next lessons you will continue and, probably, then you will all be able to stand up to the “I understand everything” icon.
In this article we will talk about consonant sounds, their quantity, types (soft, hard, voiceless and voiced) and other features and interesting facts.
There are 33 letters in the Russian language, of which 21 are consonants:
b - [b], c - [c], g - [g], d - [d], g - [g], j - [th], z - [z],
k - [k], l - [l], m - [m], n - [n], p - [p], p - [p], s - [s],
t - [t], f - [f], x - [x], c - [c], h - [h], w - [w], sch - [sch].
All named consonant letters represent 36 consonant sounds.
The Russian language also has 10 vowel letters and only 6 vowel sounds.
A total of 33 letters (10 vowels + 21 consonants + “ь” and “ъ”), denoting 42 sounds (6 vowels and 36 consonants), not all sounds of speech, but only the main ones.
The difference between the number of letters and sounds is due to the peculiarities of Russian writing, because, for example, hard and soft consonant sounds are indicated by one letter.
Consonant sounds are divided into:
- voiced and voiceless,
- hard and soft,
- paired and unpaired.
There are a total of 36 different combinations of consonants by pairing and unpairing, hard and soft, voiceless and voiced: voiceless - 16 (8 soft and 8 hard), voiced - 20 (10 soft and 10 hard).
Hard and soft consonants
Consonants are divided into hard and soft, this division is due to the difference in the position of the tongue when pronouncing them. When we pronounce soft consonants, then the middle back of the tongue is raised towards the hard palate. We also note that in addition to the fact that consonants are divided into hard and soft, they can be paired and unpaired.
For example, the letter “k” can denote both a hard sound [k], for example, in the word cat, and a soft sound [k`], for example, in the word glasses. We get that the sounds [k] and [k’] form a pair of hardness and softness. For consonant sounds that have a pair of hardness and softness, the following rule applies:
- consonants A sound is hard if it is followed by consonants: a, o, u, s, e;
- and is soft if it is followed by vowels: e, e, i, yu, i.
In the Russian language there are letters in which the sound they denote can only be hard ([ш], [ж], [ц]), or only soft ([й], [ч`], [ш`]). Such sounds do not belong to paired sounds, but are unpaired.
Voiceless and voiced consonants
Consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless sounds. In this case, voiceless consonants are pronounced with the mouth practically covered and the vocal cords do not work when pronouncing them. Voiced consonants require more air, and the vocal cords work when pronouncing them. That is, voiced consonants consist of noise and voice, and voiceless consonants consist only of noise.
Lifehack for determining the deafness or voicedness of consonants for schoolchildren
To determine whether a sound you encounter is dull or voiced, and children often have difficulty with this, you should cover your ears with your hands and pronounce the sound. When pronouncing dull sounds, they will be heard somewhere in the distance, but when pronouncing voiced sounds, your ears will actually ring! This way you can determine what sound was encountered. Especially during phonetic analysis of words.
Some consonant sounds are similar both in their sound and also in the way they are pronounced. However, such sounds are pronounced with different tonality, that is, either dull or loud. Such sounds are combined in pairs and form a group of paired consonants. There are 6 such pairs in total, each of them has a voiceless and a voiced consonant sound. The remaining consonants are unpaired.
- paired consonants: b-p, v-f, g-k, d-t, z-s, zh-sh.
- unpaired consonants: l, m, n, r, y, c, x, h, shch.
Sonorant, noisy, hissing and whistling consonants
In the Russian language, sonorant, noisy, as well as hissing and whistling consonant sounds are also distinguished. We will give a definition of each of the named types of consonants, and also list which consonants belong to one or another type.
Sonorant consonants
Sonorant consonants - these are voiced unpaired consonants.
There are 9 sonorant sounds in total: [y’], [l], [l’], [m], [m’], [n], [n’], [r], [r’].
Noisy consonants
Noisy consonant sounds are divided into voiced and voiceless. Voiceless noisy consonants include 16 sounds: [k], [k'], [p], [p'], [s], [s'], [t], [t'], [f], [f '], [x], [x'], [ts], [ch'], [sh], [sh'], and noisy voiced consonants include 11 sounds: [b], [b'], [ c], [v'], [g], [g'], [d], [d'], [g], [h], [h'].
Hissing consonants
There are a total of 4 hissing consonant sounds in the Russian language: [zh], [ch’], [sh], [sch’]. They all resemble hissing to the ear, which is why they are called hissing consonants.
Whistling consonants
Whistling consonant sounds [з] [з'] [с] [с'] [ц] are, in their pronunciation, front-lingual, fricative. When articulating hard sounds [z], [s] and [ts], the teeth are exposed, the tip of the tongue leans against the lower teeth, and the back of the tongue is slightly arched, the lateral edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper molars. The air passes through, creating frictional noise.
When articulating soft sounds[s'] and [z `] also happen, but the back of the tongue rises to the hard palate.
When pronouncing voiced sounds [з] and [з`], the vocal cords are closed and vibrate, but the velum palatine is raised.
Hissing consonant sounds got this interesting name it is no coincidence that they really seem to hiss, since they are pronounced in a special way. Our article for 2nd grade students talks about them in detail: what groups such sounds are divided into, what features and phonetic characteristics they have.
What are these sounds and how to pronounce them
Hissing sounds stand out from the rest by the acoustic noise they produce, that is, hissing. They can be pronounced correctly only with the lips open and slightly extended forward, while the teeth are almost closed. This creates a gap through which the air hisses. Thus, a striking example of a hissing consonant sound is the sound [ш], which is clearly pronounced in this way, without adding a voice. All four of these sounds are always pronounced while exhaling. At the same time, the sound does not pass from the sides: it is blocked by the tongue, pressed against the molars and hard palate. That is, in order to pronounce a hissing sound correctly, you need to “make” a ladle out of your tongue.
We can say that they are of a complex nature - they are difficult to pronounce not only for children, but also for many adults. To learn how to do this correctly, you need to monitor not only the position of your tongue and lips, but also the exhaled air: its stream passes approximately in the middle and should be wide enough. You can check this by raising your hand to your mouth.
If you monitor your articulation, you will notice that all hissing sounds are based on one thing - [w]. So, [g] appears if you add a voice to it, that is, trembling of the vocal cords. With [ш] the middle part of the tongue rises, and with [h] a stop in front of the labial-dental fissure is added to this rise.
Unpaired or paired?
The science of the Russian language considers the sounds [ch] and [sch] to be unpaired, and [zh] and [sh] to be paired only according to one attribute. And indeed, since there are other sounds that have a pair, they cannot be completely combined. However, there are two characteristics by which they can be combined into groups - voiced/voiceless and hard/soft. So, [zh] and [sh] are only hard sounds, and [h] and [sch] are soft. It doesn’t matter what vowels come after them. Even if you put a soft sign after the letter denoting a hard sibilant, the sound will be pronounced hard.
As for the division into voiceless and voiced, the first category includes [w], [h] and [sch], and the second - only [z], since when it is pronounced, a voice is added. Thus, [zh] and [sh] are paired on the basis of deafness/voice.
Once upon a time it was different - [f] and [w] were soft, but already from the 14th century they began to become the same as today, that is, hard.
Phonetic characteristics of hissing sounds
So, each sound has its own characteristic. To consolidate the information, you need to analyze all four separately, without mentioning in the classification that they are hissing:
- [zh] – hard, sonorous, paired.
- [w] – hard, dull, paired.
- [h] – soft, dull, unpaired.
- [sch] – soft, dull, unpaired.
What have we learned?
There are only four hissing sounds in the Russian language - these are [sh], [zh], [ch] and [sch]. They were named so because of their special manner of pronunciation. Their phonetic characteristics, the way they are pronounced, make these sounds special and complex.
Once upon a time, almost at the very end of the ABC, there were four hissing letters: H, C, W And SCH. The oldest among them was the letter Sh. She was all w rough, a little w blatant, mostly talked w that's why she loved to dress in w woolen things.
She had a sister - letter SCH- creepy sch he's a hotshot and a fashionista. She wore bracelets not only on both hands, but also on sch ankles and ankles. She has eyebrows sch with her fingers she plucked it into a thin thread, and for sch I didn't regret the blush. She often sch she was embarrassed because she had poor eyesight and was embarrassed to wear glasses. She was very cheerful and mischievous: constantly sch fuck yes sch I was tired. Letter SCH I didn't want to be like mine older sister, and so I gave myself a ponytail. She loved with this ponytail sch scribble a letter Sh, and that one w gasped at her and angrily w sang, wrapped in w al:
Well, that's enough already w duck and w or else I'll make you pay w traffic!
Letter sch sch she laughed and laughed, but then she felt sorry for her sister, she sch kissed her, kissed her sch Christmas tree and sincerely wished her " sch astya."
There were also letters Sh her quirks and preferences, for example, for some reason she really didn’t like the letter Y:
What kind of letter is this? - w she fiddled with other letters. “She’s always just small, never big, with an unpleasant thick belly, and even rests on a stick!” No, I personally will never be close to her, it’s just unpleasant for me!
But what can we do? - other letters tried to persuade her. - You never know how we treat whom, but in in different words we have to stand next to each other. This is our job! That's why we
We exist to form different words. For example, in the word SHYSHKA you'll have to stand next to Y.
Never! - the letter became stubborn Sh. - Let the letter be better with me AND costs. I like her, she looks a little like me, only she has two legs, and I have three... With a letter AND I agree to stand next to you in any words!
But this is impossible! - other letters began to be indignant! - After all, in this word, and in others, for example: Shyr, Shyna, Shyfr the letter is clearly heard Y, which means she should be standing next to you.
But I don’t want that’s all! - the letter persisted Sh.
No matter how much the other letters tried to persuade her, nothing helped. Moreover, the letter AND began to support her:
I like the letter too Y I do not like! - she said. - And I, like Sh I will stand next to only the letter AND in all words where it should be Y, For example: Life, Life, Art...
And since the letter AND stood in the first ten letters of the Alphabet and her voice was much louder than that of Sh, the two of them managed to insist on their own. Then I had to come up with a special rule for all writers:
« In all words, the syllables ZHI and SHI are written only with the letter I!”
This is how two stubborn letters achieved their goal.
And the letter SCH there was a daughter - letter C. Outwardly, she was very similar to her mother: exactly the same tail, only not three legs, but two, but her character was completely different: she considered herself ts the center of the world and very ts ennaya .
This was her mother's fault, who constantly ts talked to her and called her
little daughter "C Arevnoy". How the letter later repented of this SCH, because her grown daughter became for her ts her problem: she was disobedient, capricious and capricious.
Letter C was bright orange ts Veta, loved it very much ts vets and tan ts s. She also loved with her tail ts grab adjacent vowels.
She had ts spruce in life - to please the young and slender G. Seeing it in the next word, she simply ts ecstatic.
My C Ezar! - she whispered, and G did not pay any attention to her, and never stood next to her.
Hearing that the letters Sh And AND refused to stand next to the letter Y, the letter C stated:
I don't like the letter either Y and in words CIRC, CYLINDER, TSYNOVKA I'll just stand
with a letter AND!
Mother sch she hit her on the back of the head with her tail:
- SCH ac! First, grow up, and then make your demands! And anyway sch yeah, you can't be like that sch disgusting. Must be sch Better yet, make friends with all the letters: you never know in which words you will have to stand next to each other!
What should I do now? ts make out with her? - was indignant C. - Here is my aunt - letter Sh- managed to insist on her own, and why am I worse than her? I might even ts luscious!..
What's special about you? - sch Mom rolled her eyes. - Thin as sch fuck! Only for you sch iptsami
work!
Do you want me to ts Was your cellulite like? - the letter snapped at his mother C, And ts Eagerly continued to insist on her point.
On general meeting letters of the ABC everyone had to discuss this issue and, in the end, decided to give in a little to the letter C. I had to accept a new rule:
At the beginning of a word, after the letter C, always write the letter I, except for a few words that need to be remembered, and at the end of a word, after the letter C, the letter Y is always written.
This means that if you want to be considered a literate person, you need to write CI RK, CI LINDR and CI FRA, but SHIP TSY and SMOKE TSY.
And from the words that need to be remembered, they made up a funny phrase:
"TSYgan entered TSY kidneys, said TSY film: TSYts ! »
Each letter has its own character, its own habits, its own friends... The letter SCH had a bosom friend - letter Ch. Among friends, as a rule, one is the ringleader, and the second obeys him or tries to imitate him. It was exactly the same with letters H And SCH: at H had a stronger character, so she commanded the letter SCH, who was softer, but wanted to look fashionable and
to be respected among other letters, although she was not very successful in this. A letter H and in ABC she tried to establish her own rules. She didn't like letters I And YU, didn’t want to
words they stood after her, and, looking at her, and the letter SCH began to demand that after her they stand only A or U. This is how the rule came about:
Syllables CHA and SHA always written with a letter A.
Syllables CHU and SHCHU always written with a letter U.
Letter H was very h sensitive, and to her n liked two at once To avalera: To handsome and To cultural To avaler letter TO And n hedgehog and n a little n terrestrial - N. Standing next to them in some word, letter H h I felt this in myself n tenderness, To mouthiness and softness that To categorically refused the soft sign softening their union.
- N“It’s so good together,” she said, “ h then anyone seeing us will feel n my softness, n tenderness and love.
Poor letter SCH always looked with envy at her close neighbor and with sch excruciating pain in
I thought in my heart that some people have two boyfriends, while others end up with random letters all their lives. She even once asked for a letter H make her sch a smart gift: give any of the two gentlemen. H h I sincerely admitted h then she can't burn h any of h good friends.
- H then for h amazing offer! - h She often exclaimed, batting her eyelashes. - H what are you offering me?!
Letter SCH understood everything sch the awkwardness of this situation, but she so wanted to press her back against n the secure back of a friend, without leaving any sch Christmas trees for other letters.
Oh please! - affectionately sch the letter was urled SCH.- Otherwise I’ll start you sch fuck off!
Well, I don’t know... - the letter hesitated Ch. - TO I To I love turnip, n about and N such n stable, n a little even n awesome... Well, if you want, stand next to him.
SCH immediately happy for sch fucked and happily pressed against n a little n the bewildered N. She
immediately announced to all the letters that she had N- love, and asks for extraneous letters, including a soft sign, n don't disturb them.
And now everyone writing had to remember that in combinations CHK, CHN, LF, SHCHN and NSCH in words such as “before chk a", "whether chn y", "bly LF ik" "kame" nsch ik", "help schn ik" although a soft sign is heard, but write it no need!
The letter didn't want anything SCH keep up with your girlfriend H, tried to imitate her in everything, therefore, having learned that the letter H often appears in the suffix - chick , letter SCH I began to ask her to sometimes replace her. Letter H I thought a little and decided:
Okay, I'll stand after the letter D, because I like him - he is kind. Then after the letter T- because he is the letter's nephew D. More after the letters Z And WITH- because you can’t tell them when one of them is in a word, because the letter Z constantly asking for failsafe WITH replace it in different words. Well, and perhaps after the letter AND, because it’s better not to mess with her... Well, in other cases, so be it, you become. After all, we are friends! I don't feel sorry for anything for you!
So all writers have to remember one more spelling rule:
in suffixes - chik - and - shchik - nouns
-h ik - written after D, T, Z, S, F:
for example: translation DC ik, re AF ik, interrupt ZhCh ik.
-sch ik - after all other consonants: kame NSCH ik, pi FLICE ik.
It turns out that the rules of grammar in Russian depend on the nature of the letters and their mood.
Hissing consonant sounds - Textbook on the Russian language, grade 1 (Kanakina, Goretsky)
Short description:
Very often, the names of speech sounds are not given by chance. Vowels are so named because they are vocal. New topic in your Russian language textbook it’s called “Hissing consonants.” These are the sounds [w] and [zh], [sch’] and [h’]. And they really sizzle, don't they?! It turns out that they were given this name based on the principle of onomatopoeia. In the science of the Russian language they are classified as unpaired. But still they form two pairs with each other. Always solid unpaired [w] and [zh] are one pair. And always soft unpaired [sch’] and [h’] are different. Not only in their sound, but also in their character, these consonants stand out among others. We can say that they have a difficult character. Several rather difficult cases of spelling in Russian are associated with them. writing. You should take a closer look and listen to the hissing consonant sounds. Studying their character, understanding their characteristics means successfully coping with those rules that will need to be learned in the future. 
