Test questionnaire “Determining the level of self-esteem” S.V. Kovalev

Description of the technique

The technique developed by S.V. Kovalev, is intended to determine the level of self-esteem of an individual. Represents 32 judgments to which you need to express your attitude using the proposed answer options.

Instructions

“You are offered 32 judgments and five possible options answers, each of which corresponds to a certain number of points. Expressing the degree of your agreement with the judgments, you give points:

4 – very often;

3 – often;

2 – sometimes;

1 – rare;

0 – never.”

Stimulus material

1. I want my friends to cheer me up.

2. I constantly feel responsible for my work (study).

3. I'm worried about my future.

4. Many people hate me.

5. I have less initiative than others.

6. I worry about my mental state.

7. I'm afraid of looking stupid.

8. Appearance others are much better than mine.

9. I am afraid to give a speech in front of strangers.

10. I often make mistakes.

11. What a pity that I don’t know how to speak properly with people.

12. What a pity that I lack self-confidence.

13. I would like others to encourage my actions more often.

14. I'm too modest.

15. My life is useless.

16. Many people have incorrect opinions about me.

18. People expect a lot from me.

19. People are not particularly interested in my achievements.

20. I'm a little embarrassed.

21. I feel that many people do not understand me.

22. I don't feel safe.

23. I often worry unnecessarily.

24. I feel awkward when I enter a room where people are already sitting.

25. I feel constrained.

26. I feel like people talk about me behind my back.

27. I am sure that people accept almost everything easier than I do.

28. It seems to me that some trouble is about to happen to me.

29. I worry about how people treat me.

30. What a pity that I’m not so sociable.

31. In disputes, I speak out only when I am sure that I am right.

32. I think about what people expect from me.

Processing the results

The results are processed by summing the scores for all 32 judgments.

Interpretation of results

– Withumma pointsfrom 0 to 25 talking abouthigh level of self-esteem , in which a person, as a rule, is not burdened by doubts, responds adequately to the comments of others and soberly evaluates his actions;

– total pointsfrom 26 to 45 indicatesaverage level of self-esteem . A person with this level of self-esteem from time to time feels inexplicable awkwardness in relationships with other people, and often underestimates himself and his abilities without sufficient reason.

– total pointsfrom 46 to 128 points tolow self-esteem , in which a person often painfully tolerates critical remarks addressed to him, more often tries to adapt to the opinions of other people, and suffers greatly from excessive shyness.

% of students experience high level self-esteem, responding adequatelyYut to the comments of others and soberly assessingYut your actions;

% of students experienceaveragelevel of self-esteem. Theyfeel it from time to timeYut inexplicable awkwardness in relationships with other people, often underestimatedYut yourself and your abilities without sufficient grounds.

% of students experienceaveragelevel of self-esteem, at whichTheytransfer is often painfulIt critical remarks addressed to you, often oldYutries to adapt to the opinions of other people, suffers greatlyYut from excessive shyness.

The views and thinking of boys and girls in adolescence undergoing major changes. This concerns various aspects– now young people pay increased attention to their appearance, strive to expand and change their social circle, and begin to follow fashion trends and listen to the opinions of those whom they consider their idols.

In particular, high school students begin to think critically about their personality. They note everything, even the most insignificant shortcomings, and highlight the advantages and advantages that seem important and valuable to them. Due to age characteristics, adolescents are not always able to adequately assess their personality and draw the right conclusions.

If a child begins to overestimate himself, this very often leads to unceremonious behavior, which often becomes the cause of conflicts with others. A teenager, on the contrary, in most cases withdraws into himself, becomes insecure and lacks initiative, which negatively affects his level of development.

That is why it is important for parents and teachers to monitor the self-esteem of boys and girls experiencing adolescence, and, if necessary, take measures of psychological influence. Often the level of self-esteem of a teenager’s personality is determined using the R.V. test. Ovcharova, which you will learn about in our article.

Test for determining self-esteem in adolescents according to the method of R.V. Ovcharova

To determine the level of self-esteem, the student is asked to answer 16 questions. In each of them there are 3 options: “yes”, “no” or “hard to say”. The latter should be chosen only in extreme cases. For each positive answer, the subject is awarded 2 points, and for the answer “it’s difficult to say” - 1 point. If any of the statements is denied, the child does not receive a single point for it.

Self-esteem test questions for teenagers R.V. Ovcharova look like this:

Find out what kind of self-esteem you have (adequate, high or low)

1. How often are you tormented by thoughts that you should not have said or done something?
a) very often - 1 point;
b) sometimes - 3 points.

2. If you associate with a brilliant and witty person, you:
a) try to defeat him in wit - 5 points;
b) you will not get involved in the competition, but give it its due and leave the conversation - 1 point.

3. Choose one of the opinions that is closest to you:
a) what seems to many to be luck is actually the result of hard work - 5 points;
b) successes often depend on a happy coincidence of circumstances - 1 point;
c) in difficult situation the main thing is not perseverance or luck, but a person who can approve or console - 3 points.

4. You were shown a cartoon or parody of you. You:
a) laugh and be glad that there is something in you
original - 3 points;
b) you will also try to find something funny in your partner and make fun of him - 4 points;
c) be offended, but don’t show it - 1 point.

5. Are you always in a hurry, don't have enough time, or do you take on tasks that exceed the capabilities of one person?
a) yes - 1 point;
b) no - 5 points;
c) I don’t know - 3 points.

6. You choose perfume as a gift for a friend. Buy:
a) perfume that you like - 5 points;
b) perfume that you think your friend will be happy with,
although you personally don’t like them - 3 points;
c) perfume that was advertised in a recent TV show.

7. You like to imagine various situations, in which you behave completely differently than in life?
a) yes - 1 point;
b) no - 5 points;
c) I don’t know - 3 points.

8. Does it bother you when your colleagues (especially young ones) achieve more success than you?
a) yes - 1 point;
b) no - 5 points;
c) sometimes - 3 points.

9. Does it give you pleasure to argue with someone?
a) yes - 5 points;
b) no - 1 point;
c) I don’t know - 3 points.

10. Close your eyes and try to imagine 3 colors:
a) blue - 1 point;
b) yellow - 3 points;
c) red - 5 points.

Scoring

50-38 points. You are happy with yourself and confident. You have a great need to dominate people; you like to emphasize your “I” and highlight your opinion. You don't care what people say about you, but you yourself tend to criticize others. The more points you have, the more suitable the definition is: “You love yourself, but don’t love others.” But you have one drawback: you take yourself too seriously and do not accept any critical information. And even if you don’t like the test results, most likely you will “defend yourself” with the statement “everyone’s calendars lie.” It's a pity…

37-24 points. You live in harmony with yourself, you know yourself and you can trust yourself. You have the valuable ability to find a way out difficult situations both personally and in relationships with people. The formula for your attitude towards yourself and others can be expressed in the words: “Happy with yourself, happy with others.” You have normal healthy self-esteem, you know how to be a support and source of strength for yourself and, most importantly, not at the expense of others.

23-10 points. Obviously, you are dissatisfied with yourself, you are tormented by doubts and dissatisfaction with your intelligence, abilities, achievements, your appearance, age, gender... Stop! Who said that loving yourself is bad? Who inspired you that a thinking person should be constantly dissatisfied with himself? Of course, no one demands self-satisfaction from you, but you must accept yourself, respect yourself, and maintain this fire within yourself.

Instructions: “You are asked to answer 20 questions. Try to imagine typical situations and give the first “natural” answer that comes to your mind. Answer quickly and accurately. Remember that there are no “good” or “bad” answers. If you agree with the statement, put a “+” (yes) sign next to its number, if not, put a “-” (no) sign next to its number.”

Questionnaire text

I usually expect success in my affairs.

Most of the time I am in a depressed mood.

Most guys consult with me (consider me).

I lack self-confidence.

I'm about as capable and resourceful as most of the people around me (the kids in the class).

At times I feel like no one needs me.

I do everything well (any task).

8. It seems to me that I will achieve nothing in the future (after school).

9. In any matter, I consider myself right.

10. I do a lot of things that I later regret.

When I hear about the success of someone I know, I feel it as my own failure.

It seems to me that others look at me judgmentally.

I don't worry much about possible failures.

It seems to me that various obstacles that I cannot overcome prevent me from successfully completing assignments or tasks.

15. I rarely regret what I have already done.

16. The people around me are much more attractive than I am.

17. I myself think that someone always needs me.

18. It seems to me that I am doing much worse than others.

19. I am more often lucky than unlucky.

20. In life I am always afraid of something.

Processing the results : The number of agreements (“yes”) under odd numbers is counted, then the number of agreements with provisions under even numbers. The second result is subtracted from the first result. The final result can be in the range from -10 to +10.

A score from -10 to -4 indicates low self-esteem.

A result from -3 to +3 indicates average self-esteem.

A result from +4 to +10 indicates high self-esteem.

Self-esteem test (Modification by L.P. Ponomarenko)

Instructions to subjects . It is known that personal qualities, inherent in humans, are located on a continuum consisting of polar characteristics. The form (Fig. 25) presents 15 character traits that have two polar poles. Sequentially, for each pair, determine how this property manifests itself in you. In the middle of the form there are columns numbered from 1 to 7. (If there are no forms, you can work on pieces of paper, having previously drawn them like the plate presented below.)

Using the first pair as an example, we will analyze how to work with the technique. If you select column number 1, it means that you are 100% kind person (you do not have 1% anger). If you consider yourself 100% an evil person, then you must select column No. 7. Column No. 4 means the middle position (i.e., you have 50% “kindness” and 50% “anger”). Column No. 3 - you are more of a kind person than an evil person (about 65% “kindness” and 35% “anger”). Column No. 2 - approximately 80% of you have the characteristic indicated on the right, and 20% - the one on the left. Selecting Column 5 accordingly means that you have a little more of the quality represented on the left (in this case, about 65% “anger” and 35% “kindness”). Column No. 6 - approximately 80% of you have the characteristic indicated on the left, and 20% - the one on the right. So, you already guessed that the closer the column is to the right or left side of a pair of properties, the more pronounced this pole is and, accordingly, the less pronounced the second one.

Ha I stage work for each pair, you choose a column number corresponding to how each of the properties manifests itself in you at the present period of your life (“Real Self”). Mark your choice with a cross (“x”) in the appropriate box.

After all participants have completed this task, you can begin II stage work. Now you need to return again to the first pair of polar characteristics and evaluate how you would like this property to be developed in you, i.e. what you would like to be. For example, you rated yourself as a 100% kind person (a cross under column No. 1), but in life this often gets in the way and you would like “anger” and “kindness” to be equally represented in you. In this case, at stage II, you select the position of column No. 4 and indicate your choice with a circle. It may happen that you are satisfied with the situation as it is - in this case, simply circle the cross placed at stage I. After you have looked through all 15 pairs again and for each of them you have marked with a circle the position that corresponds to your “ideal self,” we proceed to stage III of work.

Treatment results. For each pair polar properties count the difference between the positions of the “real self” and the “ideal self.” To do this, calculate the absolute difference (without taking into account the sign) between the number of the column where the cross is and the number where you put the circle. For example, according to the first pair, you rated yourself as a person who is 80% kind (a cross in the column with No. 2), but you would like the “kindness” and “anger” to be 50x50 (the circle in the column with No. 4). In this case, the difference will be 4-2 = 2. Write this number next to the first pair. If the cross is in the column with No. 7, and the circle is under No. 6, the difference is 7-6 = 1. If the position of the cross and the circle is the same, the difference will be 0. This figure should also be written down next to the corresponding pair.

The final stage of the work consists of summing up all 15 numbers, representing the difference between the positions of the “real self” and the “ideal self.” The resulting amount is compared with the key.

Interpretation

A figure greater than 25 indicates low self-esteem its owner. Low self-esteem is characteristic of people who tend to doubt themselves, take comments and dissatisfaction of other people personally, worry and worry about insignificant reasons, and the experiences can be deep and long-lasting. Such people are often unsure of themselves, they find it difficult to make decisions, and the need to insist on their own. Comparing themselves with others, they come to disappointing conclusions, do not like to accept compliments, and see more shortcomings in themselves than advantages.

Typically, such people subtly feel the experiences of others, are vulnerable, impressionable, “thin-skinned.” Often (if low self-esteem is not associated with a hypercompensatory desire to demonstrate their own importance to everyone), they care more about the convenience of others than about their own benefit, and can sacrifice their interests for the sake of another person. It happens that others take advantage of this. It must be said that others feel good with such people, but they themselves often suffer.

In some cases, low self-esteem leads to a desire to assert oneself at the expense of others, a painful tendency to see behind the actions of other people a desire to hurt or offend. Sometimes unmotivated aggressiveness and outbursts of anger may appear.

Most likely, the origins of low self-esteem should be sought in the style of upbringing in the family. Perhaps your parents (or one of them) were too strict or critical, or often compared you to others, or had high expectations for your achievements. This cannot be changed, and the path to maturity lies through awareness and elaboration of one’s childhood “complexes.”

If you score above 25, you should reconsider how you feel about yourself. “Love yourself!” - this is the main task for you. Get rid of negative thoughts, praise yourself more often, benefit even from failures!

A number from 10 to 25 indicates adequate self-esteem. Such people soberly evaluate themselves, see both advantages and disadvantages in themselves, and are able to react to circumstances. By taking into account signals from the outside, they can change and improve themselves. They perceive both failures and victories adequately, draw conclusions, learn from mistakes and are ready to accept new things.

A score of less than 10 points can be interpreted in different ways. Sometimes this indicates a hidden reluctance to participate in testing or formal completion of the task. A low score may indicate a defensive reaction, as well as a demonstrated high self-esteem (“I’m fine, leave me alone”) or indicate a negative attitude towards testing and a reluctance to be frank. This score is also scored by people who are not prone to introspection and reflection, who do not like to look inside themselves.

If a person answered sincerely and really believes that his “real self” is almost no different from the “ideal self,” we can talk about inflated self-esteem, i.e. Such people are confident in their own infallibility, and then it is quite difficult to interact with them, since they are not ready to “hear” others, to perceive signals from the outside that require some changes in their behavior.

Study of personality self-esteem.

Option I

Test instructions

Each person has certain ideas about the ideal of the most valuable personality traits. People focus on these qualities in the process of self-education. What qualities do you value most in people? U different people These ideas are not the same, and therefore the results of self-education are not the same. What ideas about the ideal do you have? The following task, which is performed in two stages, will help you figure this out.

Stage 1

Divide a sheet of paper into four equal parts, label each part with Roman numerals I, II, III, IV.

Four sets of words are given that characterize positive traits of people. In each set of qualities, you must highlight those that are more significant and valuable to you personally, which you prefer over others. What qualities these are and how many there are – everyone decides for themselves.

Read the words of the first set of qualities carefully. Write down the qualities that are most valuable to you in a column along with their numbers on the left. Now proceed to the second set of qualities - and so on until the very end. As a result, you should end up with four sets of ideal qualities.

In order to create conditions for an equal understanding of the qualities by all participants in the psychological examination, we provide an interpretation of these qualities:

I. Interpersonal relationships, communication.

1. Politeness– observance of rules of decency, courtesy.
2. Caring– a thought or action aimed at the well-being of people; care, care.
3. Sincerity– expression of genuine feelings, truthfulness, frankness.
4. Collectivism– the ability to support common work, common interests, collective principles.
5. Responsiveness- willingness to respond to other people's needs.
6. Cordiality- a cordial, affectionate attitude, combined with hospitality, with a willingness to serve in some way.
7. Sympathy– a responsive, sympathetic attitude towards people’s experiences and misfortune.
8. Tact– a sense of proportion, which creates the ability to behave in society without hurting people’s dignity.
9. Tolerance– the ability to treat other people’s opinions, character, habits without hostility,
10. Sensitivity– responsiveness, empathy, ability to easily understand people.
11. Goodwill– desire for good to people, willingness to contribute to their well-being.
12. Friendliness– the ability to express feelings of personal affection.
13. Charm- the ability to charm, attract.
14. Sociability– ability to easily enter into communication.
15. Mandatory- loyalty to word, duty, promise.
16. Responsibility– necessity, obligation to be responsible for one’s actions and actions.
17. Frankness– openness, accessibility for people.
18. Justice– an objective assessment of people in accordance with the truth.
19. Compatibility– the ability to combine one’s efforts with the activity of others in solving common problems.
20. Demandingness– rigor, expectation from people to fulfill their duties and duty.

II. Behavior

1. Activity– manifestation of an interested attitude towards the surrounding world and oneself, towards the affairs of the team, energetic actions and actions.
2. Pride- self-esteem.
3. good nature– gentleness of character, goodwill towards people.
4. Decency– honesty, inability to commit vile and antisocial acts.
5. Courage– the ability to make and implement one’s decisions without fear.
6. Hardness– the ability to insist on one’s own, not to give in to pressure, steadfastness, stability.
7. Confidence– faith in the correctness of actions, absence of hesitation or doubt.
8. Honesty– directness, sincerity in relationships and actions.
9. Energy– decisiveness, activity of actions and actions.
10. Enthusiasm- strong inspiration, elation.
11. Integrity– honest performance of one’s duties.
12. Initiative– desire for new forms of activity.
13. Intelligence– high culture, education, erudition.
14. Perseverance– persistence in achieving goals.
15. Determination– inflexibility, firmness in actions, the ability to quickly make decisions, overcoming internal fluctuations.
16. Integrity– the ability to adhere to firm principles, beliefs, views on things and events.
17. Self-criticism– the desire to evaluate one’s behavior, the ability to reveal one’s mistakes and shortcomings.
18. Independence– the ability to carry out actions without the help of others, on one’s own.
19. Equilibrium– even, calm character and behavior.
20. Determination– having a clear goal, the desire to achieve it.

III. Activity

1. Thoughtfulness- deep insight into the essence of the matter.
2. Efficiency– knowledge of the matter, enterprise, intelligence.
3. Mastery- high art in any field.
4. Understanding- ability to understand meaning, intelligence.
5. Speed– swiftness of actions and actions, speed.
6. Composure- concentration, smartness.
7. Accuracy– the ability to act as specified, in accordance with the model.
8. Hard work– love of work, socially useful activities that require effort.
9. Passion- the ability to devote oneself completely to any task.
10. Perseverance– diligence in something that requires a long time and patience.
11. Accuracy– observance of order in everything, thoroughness of work, diligence.
12. Attentiveness– focus on the activity at hand.
13. Foresight- foresight, the ability to foresee consequences, predict the future.
14. Discipline– habit of discipline, consciousness of duty to society.
15. Performance- diligence, good performance tasks.
16. Curiosity– an inquisitive mind, a tendency to acquire new knowledge.
17. Resourcefulness– the ability to quickly find a way out of difficult situations.
18. Subsequence– the ability to carry out tasks, actions in a strict order, logically.
19. Performance– the ability to work hard and productively.
20. Scrupulousness– precision to the smallest detail, special care.

IV. Experiences, feelings

1. Cheerfulness– a feeling of fullness of strength, activity, energy.
2. Fearlessness- lack of fear, courage.
3. Gaiety- a carefree and joyful state.
4. Soulfulness– sincere friendliness, disposition towards people.
5. Mercy- willingness to help, forgive out of compassion, philanthropy.
6. Tenderness- a manifestation of love, affection.
7. Love of freedom– love and desire for freedom, independence.
8. Cordiality– sincerity, sincerity in relationships.
9. Passion– the ability to give oneself completely to one’s passion.
10. Shyness– the ability to experience a feeling of shame.
11. Excitement- a measure of experience, mental anxiety.
12. Enthusiasm- a great upsurge of feelings, delight, admiration.
13. Pity- a tendency to feel pity and compassion.
14. Cheerfulness– constancy of feelings of joy, absence of despondency.
15. Lovingness– the ability to love deeply and many.
16. Optimistic– cheerful attitude, belief in success.
17. Restraint– the ability to restrain oneself from expressing feelings.
18. Satisfaction- a feeling of pleasure from the fulfillment of desires.
19. Coolness– the ability to remain calm and self-possessed.
20. Sensitivity– ease of occurrence of experiences, feelings, increased susceptibility to external influences.

StageII

Carefully consider the personality traits you wrote out from the first set, and find among them those that you possess really. Circle the numbers next to them. Now move on to the second set of qualities, then to the third and fourth.

Processing test results

Count how many you have found real qualities (R).

Count the quantity ideal qualities, written out by you ( AND; qualities written out in the first stage), and then calculate their percentage:

C = (R / I) * 100%.

Option 2

Test instructions

Carefully read the set of 20 personality traits: accuracy, kindness, cheerfulness, perseverance, intelligence, truthfulness, integrity, independence, modesty, sociability, pride, conscientiousness, indifference, laziness, arrogance, cowardice, greed, suspicion, selfishness, impudence.

In the column " ideal“Under number (rank) 1, write down the quality from the above that you value most in people, under number 2 - the quality that you value a little less, etc., in descending order of importance. Under number 13, indicate the quality - shortcoming - from the above, which you could most easily forgive people (after all, as you know, there are no ideal people, everyone has shortcomings, but some you can forgive, and some you cannot ), at number 14 is the flaw that is more difficult to forgive, etc., at number 20 is the most disgusting, from your point of view, quality of people.

In the column " I"Under (rank) 1, write down the quality from the above that is most developed for you personally (regardless of whether it is an advantage or a disadvantage), at number 2 - the quality that is slightly less developed for you, etc. in descending order ok, under latest numbers- those qualities that are least developed or absent in you.

Sample form for the test

Processing test results

In column No. 3, the respondent must calculate the difference in rank numbers for each written quality. For example: such a property as “neatness” in the first column (Ideal) is ranked 1st, and in the second (I) – at 7th; d will be equal to 1-7=-6; such a quality as “principledness” ranks 3rd in both the first and second columns. In this case d will be equal to 3-3=0; a quality such as “indifference” is ranked 20th in the first column, and rank 2 in the second. In this case d will be equal to 20-2=18, etc.

Column No. 5 calculates the amount d 2, that is:

Σd 2 = d 1 2 + d 2 2 + d 3 2 + … + d 20 2;

R = 1 – 6Σd 2 /(n 3 – n), Where

• n– number of pairs being compared

In the case of n=20, the formula takes the following form:

R = 1 – 0.00075Σd 2

Values R will be within [-1; +1].

Interpretation of test results

Self-esteem can be optimal And suboptimal. With optimal, adequate self-esteem, the subject correctly correlates his capabilities and abilities, is quite critical of himself, strives to realistically look at his failures and successes, tries to set achievable goals that can be achieved in practice. He approaches the assessment of what has been achieved not only with his own standards, but also tries to anticipate how other people will react to it: workmates and loved ones. In other words, adequate self-esteem is the result of a constant search for a real measure, i.e. without too much overestimation, but also without being overly critical of your communication, behavior, activities, experiences. This self-assessment is best for specific conditions and situations.

The optimal level includes self-esteem " high level" And " above average"(a person deservedly values, respects himself, is satisfied with himself), and also " average level"(a person respects himself, but knows his weak sides and strives for self-improvement and self-development).

Self-esteem may be suboptimal - too high or too low.

Based inappropriately high self-esteem a person develops a misconception about himself, an idealized image of his personality and capabilities, his value to others, to the common cause. In such cases, a person ignores failures in order to maintain the usual high assessment of himself, his actions and deeds. There is an acute emotional “repulsion” of everything that violates the self-image. The perception of reality is distorted, the attitude towards it becomes inadequate - purely emotional. The rational grain of the assessment falls out completely. Therefore, a fair remark begins to be perceived as nit-picking, and an objective assessment of work results as unfairly underestimated. Failure appears as a consequence of someone’s machinations or unfavorable circumstances, which in no way depend on the actions of the individual himself.

Man with inflated inadequate self-esteem does not want to admit that all this is a consequence own mistakes, laziness, lack of knowledge, ability or improper behavior. Difficulty arises emotional condition– affect of inadequacy, main reason which is the persistence of the existing stereotype of overestimating one’s personality. If high self-esteem is plastic, changes in accordance with the real state of affairs - increases with success and decreases with failure, then this can contribute to the development of the individual, since she has to make every effort to achieve her goals, develop her abilities and will.

Self-esteem may be low, i.e. below real opportunities personality. This usually leads to self-doubt, timidity and lack of daring, and the inability to realize one’s abilities. Such people do not set difficult-to-achieve goals, limit themselves to solving ordinary problems, and are too critical of themselves.

Too high or too low self-esteem disrupts the process of self-government and distorts self-control. This is especially noticeable in communication, where people with high and low self-esteem cause conflicts. At inflated self-esteem conflicts arise due to disdainful attitude towards other people and disrespectful treatment of them, too harsh and unfounded statements addressed to them, intolerance to other people's opinions, manifestations of arrogance and conceit. Low self-criticism prevents them from even noticing how they insult others with arrogance and indisputable judgment.

At low self-esteem conflicts may arise due to the excessive criticality of these people. They are very demanding of themselves and even more demanding of others, they do not forgive a single mistake or mistake, and they tend to constantly emphasize the shortcomings of others. And although this is done with the best intentions, it still becomes a cause of conflict due to the fact that few can tolerate systematic “sawing.” When they see only the bad in you and constantly point it out, then hostility arises towards the source of such assessments, thoughts and actions.

Affect of inadequacy arises as an attempt by people with high self-esteem to protect themselves from real circumstances and maintain their usual self-esteem. This leads to disruption of relationships with other people. Experiencing resentment and injustice allows you to feel good, remain at the proper level in your own eyes, and consider yourself injured or offended. This elevates a person in his own eyes and eliminates dissatisfaction with himself. The need for inflated self-esteem is satisfied and there is no need to change it, that is, to come to grips with management itself. Conflicts inevitably arise with people who have different ideas about a given individual, his abilities, capabilities and value to society. The affect of inadequacy is a psychological defense, it is a temporary measure because it does not solve the main problem, namely, a fundamental change in suboptimal self-esteem, which is the cause of unfavorable interpersonal relationships.

These techniques allow us to solve several more research and practical problems. Here are some of them:

I. There are several forms of human activity: communication, behavior, activity, experiences. A person can also be considered as a subject of self-government. Since the simultaneous implementation of all these forms of activity is difficult, the individual shows interest in one or two areas of his life. Indeed, everyone has observed people who live “in the world of people,” “in a closed world,” “in the world of affairs,” and “in the world of feelings.” It would be natural to assume that when performing the technique, people choose more qualities in the area that interests them more. This allows find out in what area their interests and preferences lie. For this purpose, you need to calculate how many “ideal” qualities were written down for each of the four blocks and compare the resulting numbers with each other. The leading level will be the level of human activity where the most “ideal” and “real” qualities are collected, as well as their percentage.

II. Available an idea of ​​the value orientations of a group different from others in age, gender, profession; To do this, you need to calculate how many people chose this or that quality and with what rank of importance. If this number is converted into a percentage, then an interesting opportunity opens up to compare groups with each other in terms of preference for personality traits and the degree of importance of individual properties for it. Ranking these properties according to the number of people who chose this property shows what place it belongs in the holistic system of ideas about personality.

III. Available an idea of ​​how each one is different special person from other people according to their values. To do this, you need to create an average “portrait” value orientations the group he belongs to. Then we need a qualitative analysis of the qualities he has chosen and those personality traits that are most often found in the group as a whole. Thus, against the background of group preferences, it is possible to identify individual characteristics.

Sources

• Self-Esteem Test/ Stolyarenko L.D. Fundamentals of psychology: Workshop. – Rostov n/d, 2003. P.479-480