Parents of a future first-grader need to understand modern educational programs for primary classes. Unlike Soviet times, when everyone studied from the same textbooks, now teachers and parents have a choice in exactly how the child will receive all the necessary knowledge. And this will depend on the educational system that the student will use in primary school.

What to choose when there are sure to be several schools near your home that teach children according to different systems? Even within the same school, primary school teachers themselves choose which program to work on, and children from parallel classes can study using different educational and methodological complexes.

Currently, there are simultaneously several educational systems that meet the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards (Federal State Educational Standards). Each of them has its own characteristics, but in general the systems are divided into traditional and developmental. Most schools choose traditional education programs, such as "School of Russia", "Primary School of the XXI Century", "School 2010", "Harmony", "Prospective Primary School", "Classical Primary School", "Planet of Knowledge", "Perspective" . But be prepared for the fact that your child may be offered to study under the developmental programs of Zankov or Elkonin-Davydov. Of course, one should not think that traditional programs do not deal with the development of students; this name is rather conditional. IN general outline, we can say that these types of systems differ in approach: traditional programs offer an explanatory and illustrative approach to teaching a child, developmental ones offer an active one.

All of the programs mentioned above are focused on a single educational standard, however, each system has its own way of presenting information and priorities. They differ in the curriculum itself, the degree of workload of the child, the involvement of the parent in the learning process, as well as the overall complexity. Each system offers its own educational and methodological complex, in other words, sets of textbooks, workbooks and teaching materials in all subjects.

The most popular among schools are such educational and methodological complexes as “School of Russia”, “Perspective”, “School 2100”, “Planet of Knowledge” and “Harmony”.

"School of Russia" is considered a classic program. In fact, this is the same system that, with minor modifications, was taught in Soviet time. It is designed for an intermediate level, so every child can easily master such a program. Mathematics develops computational skills, logic and thinking in equal proportions, the Russian language is taught in a standard way: the development of oral and written speech and literate writing skills is balanced. In this case, we can especially highlight the study of “The World Around us” using the textbooks of A. A. Pleshakov. The advantage of the course is that mastering the surrounding world is positioned as a project that the child implements together with his parents.

Another educational and methodological complex that is especially popular is “Perspective”. This program is most suitable for children with a mathematical mind. This teaching aid is quite complex and will require parents to actively participate in the child’s education. The main advantage of "Perspective" is the mathematics lessons, which are based on educational materials. Mathematics is given with elements of geometry and algebra, which allows the child to smoothly move into high school.

The educational complex "School 2100" is built in such a way that children can learn at different levels of difficulty. All educational materials contain the maximum amount of additional information that a child can learn if necessary. This program allows the teacher, without switching to another teaching aid, to adjust the level of difficulty of presenting the material and apply individual approach in teaching.

The Planet of Knowledge program is considered quite complex, since it was originally developed and used in pre-gymnasium classes, but it is also very popular among teachers and parents. The main advantage of this teaching aid is its focus on the child. His ability to reason is actively stimulated, be it an emphasis on logic when studying mathematics or literary reading, which involves the emergence of a dialogue between a child and an adult. Just like in "School 2100" teaching aids"Planets of Knowledge" contains multi-level tasks: from basic to creative and exploratory.

The main principle of the educational complex "Harmony" is comfortable learning at the intersection of traditional and developmental teaching methods. Children initially develop skills of analysis, classification, comparison and generalization. During the lessons, many problematic developmental tasks are given that form in schoolchildren the ability to think and the ability to independently draw conclusions. One of the main advantages of the program is targeted preparation for a smooth transition from primary to secondary school.

You can understand the clear difference between one educational system and another by studying the teaching materials offered by the program in one place. On the website of the online book store "Labyrinth" there is a special section "School Guru", in which you can make a selection of products according to the educational program, by subject, type of educational material (textbooks, workbooks, visual aids) or by grade. Using this section, you can both study the proposed program materials and collect the necessary set of literature when the issue of choosing an educational system has already been resolved.

It is necessary to keep in mind that all educational educational programs are regularly revised taking into account current trends, so even if you are not sending your first child to school, keep in mind that the authors of textbooks or the teaching concept in general may have changed over the course of several years. The educational materials themselves can change significantly, so, as a rule, there is a need to buy all the materials of the educational complex for the class from scratch. It’s safe to say exactly what the educational complex looks like on this moment and what textbooks and workbooks you need to purchase for your child, the teacher who is currently working on the program will be able to tell you.

Many parents of children entering first grade do not understand the difference between the educational programs that elementary schools offer today. In total, there are eight programs on the list of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science. So which school program should you choose for a first-grader? The author of “Letidora” talked about the most popular of them with the famous author of textbooks for elementary schools, practical teacher Olga Uzorova.

Russian Schools Program

Olga, what can you say about her?

• This is a classic. The parents of current first-graders also studied at the School of Russia. Children who go to school under this program have every right to enter 1st grade knowing nothing at all. Of course, they saw letters and numbers, but did not pay attention to them yet special attention. But such children, as a rule, have well-developed speech. Before school, relatives and friends baked pies with them, rode bicycles, walked a lot, and discussed everything.

Nowadays, the Schools of Russia program follows the 1–4 system, when primary school consists of four years of study. In my opinion, best textbooks– the same program, but according to system 1–3. It is in them that themes are constructed and revealed more logically.

In general, the “School of Russia” is a base on which any of the programs offered by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia can be strung.

Do I understand correctly that the transition from school to school to another educational program from the “School of Russia” is easier?

• Yes, it is easier if the teacher gives a good basis. However, it is almost impossible for a teacher to take a pure program and study only from one textbook. For example, I alternate the classical program with mathematics according to L.G. Peterson. I also add a little from “Harmony”, a little from “D.B. System”. Elkonina - V.V. Davydov."

Most methodologists say that this should not be done under any circumstances. But I have a lot of experience working in schools. And, as practice shows, there are no universal solutions for different children. Of my three issues in primary school We never repeated sets of textbooks. And the topics that I chose according to Peterson were very different for each class.

I myself know some parents who said: “Well, he doesn’t know how to read before school and that’s okay. They’ll teach you at school!”

• Yes, this principled position of some parents is becoming more and more common. True, it’s one thing when they say “Let the school teach!” and lead to the “School of Russia” program. But when they say the same thing and take the child to the “D.B. System.” Elkonina - V.V. Davydov” are making a mistake. Because this program is designed for a child prepared for school. The “Perspective” program is also designed for the child to be able to read upon entering 1st grade.

I spoke to some of the compilers school programs elementary school, and they are sure that the child definitely comes to 1st grade prepared. They were surprised: “What, he can’t count within 10? We, of course, give this in our textbooks, but insofar as...” And I answered them that, having experience working in an English gymnasium, I personally saw children who went to 1st grade without knowing how to count at all. Although there was a selection process for this school, the children were looked at by a teacher, a speech therapist, and a psychologist.

What should a teacher do if there are children in his class who are diverse in terms of knowledge?

• Let's say in a class of 25 people - 20 are well prepared, and five do not know how to count - this situation is not uncommon. In the “System of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov,” for example, most of the initial base (counting within ten, reading, writing, if we're talking about about the first grade) pass on a dotted line, and the teacher does not have time to pull up those who are lagging behind. Then the work falls on the parents.

Is preliminary preparation needed only for the “D. B. Elkonin – V. V. Davydov System”? Tell us about the features of other programs.

• No, not only in the Elkonin-Davydov System. Let's take the Perspective program. The author of the alphabet is Klimanova L.F., the textbook on mathematics is Dorofeev G.V., Mirakova T.N. Dorofeev came to us from high school. The specifics of teaching there are different, not like in elementary. And he, for example, believes that memorizing the composition of the number “3” is a mockery of the student and the teacher. Accordingly, this stage is skipped in the Perspective, although it is very important.

This program involves learning by leaps and bounds, and then in middle school children make mistakes in basic examples. There are, of course, students for whom this system is suitable; they know right at the genetic level that 3 is 1 plus 2, and if you add 8 and 5, you get 13.

But 80% of children don’t know this! Again, someone is more motivated to study and grasps it all faster. But some people don’t care at all that 3=1+2, and in order to ignite it, the teacher needs to put in a lot of work.

“In the program “Primary School of the 21st Century” (mathematics - V.N. Rudnitskaya), text problems in mathematics begin to be given in April-May, almost at the end of 1st grade, and this is late. But experienced teachers adjust the program and start teaching them much earlier.”

“In the Prospective Primary School program, the author of the mathematics textbook is also from secondary school. So the approach is similar to Perspective.

Which program do you choose as an experienced teacher?

• Even if we recruit a class of strong children, we cannot say 100% how well they will do in school. Because we don't know how they learn the material. How long did it take them to achieve one result? One, preparing for the first grade, mastered everything in six months, the other studied from the age of 3... My task is to teach all the children who came to class, and not to dump the program on the parents. Therefore, I am still a supporter of the classics, which are accessible to children of any level of training.

A modern primary school offers two systems for educating children: traditional, which includes seven programs: “Russian School”, “School 2100”, “Primary School of the 21st Century”, “Harmony”, “Classical Primary School”, “Prospective Primary School” , “Planet of Knowledge”, and developmental, including two programs: L.V. Zankova and D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydova.

IN Lately some traditional elementary school programs have undergone significant changes, have been greatly improved and can already be considered developmental programs.

Traditional program “School of Russia” - the name speaks for itself. This educational and methodological complex was created specifically for teaching children living in Russia, introducing them to the traditions and culture of their great country. This is a kind of school of spiritual and moral development. The “School of Russia” program is focused on instilling in children such qualities as kindness, responsibility, the ability to empathize and provide assistance in difficult times. It develops among schoolchildren an interest in studying their Motherland, its nature, history, thereby cultivating such an important and rare quality in our time as patriotism.

When creating this program, the authors relied on many years of pedagogical experience in the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian schools. Learning is based on a smooth transition from simple to complex. The program thoroughly develops reading, writing and counting skills, which is the basis for further successful learning.

The textbooks for the “School of Russia” program are very modern, colorful and interesting for the child, and are excellent stimulation cognitive activity.

The School 2100 program is the only one of all that is a system of continuous education from preschool age before graduation. According to her benefits, children can study from the age of three until the senior year. The program clearly goes beyond the traditional framework, incorporating elements of an evolving program.

The educational and methodological complex of the School 2100 program is focused on the development of the child as an individual, identifying and developing creativity and interest in learning. Develops in children such qualities as determination, independence, ability to make decisions, ability to analyze, logical thinking, imagination and speech.

Education is based on the fact that basic concepts, rules and conclusions are not given to children in a ready-made form; they must figure them out on their own; the teacher only guides the child in the right direction. That is, children learn to act independently. Many tasks are based on obtaining information from sources other than textbooks.

The educational program "School of the 21st Century" refers to traditional programs, however, it is also developmental in nature. She most gently adapts former preschoolers to a new field of activity for them - studying at school. The training is structured in the form of a game. Most teachers in Russia prefer to study according to this program. The program is aimed at the harmonious development of the individual, at developing motivation to educational activities and self-education. Helps the child understand why he needs to study at all, why he needs to take his education seriously.

By studying this program, children learn to independently acquire knowledge through reflection, analysis, and fantasy. They can evaluate their successes and failures in their studies. The teacher behaves with the children on an equal basis during the lessons, allowing the children to think, debate and, thus, reach the truth.

Each student has the opportunity to study at an individual pace, because the educational material contains tasks different levels. The set of textbooks includes so-called notebooks for the student’s correctional and developmental work, which can be used for additional work with the child in case of lag and misunderstanding of the material. The focus is not on the correct answer, but on the decision process itself.

A set of textbooks for the program“Primary School of the XXI Century” was awarded the Russian Presidential Prize in the field of education and is the winner of the “competition to create a new generation of textbooks for primary schools.”

“Harmony” is a program that combines traditional education methods with developmental ones. The name suggests that the program is aimed at developing harmonious relationships between teachers and students and between children. The program helps develop logical thinking and creative abilities. Aimed at strengthening physical and mental health child.

The educational material is very interesting, the emphasis is on advanced learning, new promising technologies are used in teaching children of different levels of development. Children do not memorize the rules, but with their own minds, with the help of special exercises, come to the necessary conclusions.

The kit includes textbooks containing a methodological part, so parents themselves can explain the topic to the child at home and help them cope with homework. Children who received primary education under the Harmony program are highly literate.

The educational and methodological set in mathematics of the “Harmony” program was awarded the Russian Government Prize in the field of education.

“Classical Primary School” is a traditional program, almost identical to the “School of Russia” program. It differs from it in its set of textbooks. This is the most classic, effective program developed over the years for primary education. It is completely built on traditional methods, but with the introduction of modern scientific pedagogical approaches. Thanks to the gradual study and solid consolidation of reading, writing and counting skills, it gives children a good basis for continuing their education in secondary school. From the first days of classes, the program is aimed at getting children interested in further education.

All textbooks and notebooks are decorated with colorful illustrations. The lessons are filled with various competitions, games and quizzes. Some of the tasks are aimed at working together with parents, thereby involving them in the exciting process of their children’s education. The program helps the child fall in love with the book and teaches how to work with it. Knowledge according to the program is not given in a ready-made form, but must be acquired jointly by students and the teacher, that is, the program contributes to the development logical thinking.

The “Promising Primary School” program is the most successful program of all existing ones, suitable for rural schools in which students from grades 1 to 4 study simultaneously in the same room. It contains all the important methods from all existing programs. The program was created taking into account the age categories of schoolchildren, be it a six-year-old first-grader or an eight-year-old, and takes into account the different levels of student preparation. The emphasis is on both individual activities child, and on the joint work of students, promoting the development of dialogue between them. Teaches you to work not only with the textbook, but also with various reference books. The teacher gives a task to a group of students and then leaves to work with another group. Thus, schoolchildren develop independence, the ability to work and live in a team, that is, to help others, criticize and adequately respond to criticism addressed to them, and be able to explain and defend their point of view.

The program is built strictly on the principle of increasing the complexity of the educational material. With this program, children quickly develop fluent reading, writing and counting skills.

The textbooks are filled with interesting fairy-tale material that helps develop creative thinking, logic and memory. A lot of time is devoted to the physical health of children, teaching the child to cleanliness, order, gymnastics and daily routine. Educational tasks involve parents in completing tasks together.

The traditional “Planet of Knowledge” program is good because even the youngest children can learn from it. The approach to teaching is non-standard and departs from the classic “the teacher explains the task, the children complete it.” All tasks are developmental in nature. The program is focused on developing children's creative abilities. For each child studying under the “Planet of Knowledge” program, there is his own teaching method that helps him to perfectly master the material. The program stimulates the manifestation of independence, initiative, and helps to see the same subject in different ways.

The set of educational literature is interesting in that before the beginning of each section there is a plan for further training. Thus, the child sees what he will study in the future. Each section, after studying, ends with a test paper and a test sheet, which allow the teacher, as well as the student himself, to test his knowledge of this section. Textbooks contain many tasks different levels complexity, which allows students to choose a task specifically for themselves. Many exercises are focused on working with reference books and working in a group, developing children's communication skills in society.

Developmental program L.V. Zankova is the complete opposite of traditional programs. It is based on a trusting relationship between teacher and student. The teacher first offers to complete the tasks, and the students must reach the theory with their own minds through various discussions, obtaining information from various sources, reflections and debates. The program perfectly reveals the individual abilities of each child. Focused on awakening interest in learning, developing intelligence and curiosity. Although quite difficult because the learning process is fast paced, at the same time it is very attractive and exciting for children.

In addition to school lessons, the program involves close communication between teacher and children outside of school through joint visits to various cultural events, walks and excursions. Children who studied under the L.V. program Zankova, excellent conversationalists, have a broad outlook and their knowledge is much higher than that of children studying according to traditional systems.

Developmental program D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydova is focused on developing strong theoretical knowledge in children, that is, rules and concepts occupy a dominant position here, but they are not given in the form of ready-made truths. Children must reach them themselves through logical thinking, working in a group or individually, debating, arguing among themselves and discussing the results. And only then, with the help of the teacher, do correct conclusions. The program develops in a child the ability to think deeply and unconventionally.

The program is much richer than ordinary traditional programs. Children trained in it are very sociable, respect the opinions of others, but do not take all words for granted; they require mandatory evidence.

There is little homework in this program; everything is done in the classroom, where the children are busy with interesting work, but at home they relax.

Many textbooks are winners of new generation textbook competitions.

The program is considered difficult, but only because there are very few competent teachers who can work with this program.

: traditional and developmental. Each has its own programs. The traditional programs include: “School of Russia”, “Harmony”, “Primary School of the 21st Century”, “School 2100”, “Classical Primary School”, “Prospective Primary School”, “Perspective”, “Planet of Knowledge”. Developmental systems include two programs: L.V. Zankova and D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydova.

In traditional programs, educational material is presented in such a way that the child follows the path “from simple to complex.” This material is fixed using large quantity similar problems located in the textbook page by page. By solving them, the child remembers the method of solving problems of this type and confidently uses it. It is this teaching method that is criticized for the fact that many children, as a result, do not know how to apply knowledge in non-standard conditions. If the text of the task is formulated atypically, the child cannot use the existing skill. However, no one doubts the many years of experience and effectiveness of training in traditional programs.

Training systems L.V. Zankova and D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydov still raises many questions and discussions. There are most often two reasons for this. The first is that in most modern schools it is impossible to create conditions in which these educational systems will work as the authors intended. The second is that there are few enthusiastic teachers who are ready to follow the teaching technology, and without this it is impossible to achieve good results. The structure of these programs does not imply a clear division into topics, there is no usual selection of rules that need to be learned, there are no tasks of the same type arranged in a row. These training programs imply a completely new approach to the learning process - more creative, requiring children to be active and inquisitive. The teacher acts not as a mentor, but as a friend and assistant who guides the children's thinking. The purpose of these programs is to teach the child to think outside the box.

A common drawback of the Zankov and Elkonin-Davydov systems: they do not receive a worthy continuation at higher levels school education. And if you choose one of them, be prepared that after primary school your child will still have to adapt to traditional teaching, and this may create problems for him at first.

So, let's look at all the programs.

Program "School of Russia"

The traditional program “School of Russia” (edited by A. Pleshakov) has existed for decades. “School of Russia” is the program according to which all Soviet schoolchildren studied. Of course, there have been major changes in terms of content, but the learning objectives remain the same. The most common misconception about this training program is that it is outdated. This is far from true. The program has been updated many times since 2000, improved and supplemented. This program allows you to thoroughly develop the academic skills (reading, writing, counting) that are necessary for successful learning in secondary school.

The program solves the following tasks:

· personal development junior schoolchildren;
· civic-oriented education of junior schoolchildren;
· formation of globally oriented thinking;
· providing environmentally adequate education.

Textbooks of the “School of Russia” program:

Teaching literacy and reading. Russian alphabet. Goretsky V.G., Kiryushkin V.A., Shanko A.F.

Russian language (2 lines). Zelenina L.M., Khokhlova T.E., Kanakina V.P., Goretsky V.G.

Literary reading. Klimanova L.F.

Mathematics. Moro M.I. and etc.

The world. Pleshakov A.A.

Fine Arts (2 lines):

· 1st line. Nemenskaya L.A. (1st grade and 4th grade); Koroteeva E.I. (2nd grade); Goryaeva N.A., Nemenskaya L.A., Piterskikh A.S. (3rd grade).

· 2nd line. Shpikalova T.Ya. (1 class); Shpikalova T.Ya., Ershova L.V. (2nd grade and 4th grade); Shpikalova T.Ya., Ershova L.V., Velichkina G.A. (3rd grade).

Program "Harmony"

Educational and methodological set “Harmony” (edited by N.B. Istomin (mathematics), M.S. Soloveichik and N.S. Kuzmenko (Russian language), O.V. Kubasov (literary reading), O.T. Poglazova (the world around us), N.M. Konysheva (labor training)) is successfully practiced in many schools. This program has common goals and objectives for everyone educational subjects, priority teaching methods and forms of organizing educational activities have been identified.

The advantages of this program: advanced learning is carried out, the included textbooks contain a methodological part, with the help of which parents can study and explain to the child the missed topic. The program uses new teaching technologies that allow you to develop your child’s logical thinking abilities. It is also noteworthy that the set offers tasks designed for children of different levels of preparedness. But there are also disadvantages: in mathematics, problem solving begins only in the second grade, and the tests are offered the same for all grades.

The Harmony program successfully solves such problems as:

· formation of methods of mental activity - analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, analogy, generalization;
· priority of independent work of students;
· active involvement in cognitive activity through observation, selection, transformation, design;
maintaining a balance between intuition and knowledge;
· reliance on the child’s experience;
· unity of intellectual and special skills.

Textbooks of the “Harmony” program:

Russian language, Literacy, Primer. M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko, N.M. Betenkova, O.E. Kurlygina.

Literary reading. O.V. Kubasova.

Mathematics. N.B. Istomina.

The world. FROM. Poglazova, N.I. Vorozheikina, V.D. Shilin.

Technology. N.M. Konysheva.

English language. M.Z. Biboletova, E.A. Lenskaya, N.V. Dobrynina and others.

Art. T.A. Koptseva, V.P. Koptsev, E.V. Koptsev

Music. M.S. Krasilnikova, O.N. Yashmolkina, O.I. Nekhaeva

Physical Culture. R.I. Tarnopolskaya, B.I. Mishin

Program "Primary school of the 21st century"

This program is the result of many years of research by a team of employees of the Primary School Center of the Institute of General Secondary Education of the Russian Academy of Education (now ISMO), as well as a number of employees Russian Academy education. Project manager – N.F. Vinogradova, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Education, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, professor.

This program takes the problem of forming the educational activity of a primary school student very seriously, and this is the only set where there is a parallel program “Educational Activities”. The material in this program is designed for strong, erudite children. What knowledge a student will have when moving on to secondary school depends on the primary school teacher. That's why main goal is to teach a child to learn. It is important that Vinogradova’s set realizes the child’s right to his own individuality: children are placed in conditions where they can independently acquire knowledge, apply it, think, fantasize, and play.

The tasks that the “Primary School of the 21st Century” program solves:

· use of visual imaginative thinking, appropriate for children of this age;
· inclusion of game teaching methods.

Textbooks of the program “Primary school of the 21st century”

Taking into account all of the above, the team of authors created learning tools for students - textbooks, workbooks. And for the teacher, books, guidelines, lesson planning, etc. There are special notebooks “Learning to think and fantasize”, “Learning to understand the world around us”.

Program "School 2100"

“School 2100” edited by A.A. Leontyev. This program, by some estimates, is the most widespread. Every year more and more teachers work in this educational program. The main advantage of this program is its deep continuity and continuity of education. Under this program, children can study from the age of three until they enter university. All textbooks in the program are built taking into account the psychological specifics of age. A characteristic feature of this educational program is next principle: educational material is offered to students to the maximum, and the student must master the material to a minimum standard. This way, each child has the opportunity to take as much as he can. The program teaches children to act independently and is aimed at developing logical thinking, speech, imagination, and memory.

Problems solved within the framework of the School 2100 program:

· continuity and continuity of education in all school subjects;
· independent discovery of new knowledge by children;
· formation of a unified picture of the world;
· focus on creativity in educational activities;
· Opportunity for each child to progress at their own pace.

Textbooks of the School 2100 program:

Computer science in games and tasks. A. V. Goryachev, K. I. Gorina, T. O. Volkova.

Primer, Russian language, Copybook. R. N. Buneev, E. V. Buneeva, O. V. Pronina, M. A. Yakovleva.

The world. A. A. Vakhrushev, O. V. Bursky, A. S. Rautian, O. A. Kurevina.

Literary reading. R. N. Buneev, E. V. Buneeva.

Children's rhetoric. T. A. Ladyzhenskaya, N. V. Ladyzhenskaya, R. I. Nikolskaya, G. I. Sorokina.

Mathematics. T. E. Demidova, S. A. Kozlova, A. P. Tonkikh; etc.

Program "Classical Primary School"

The “Classical Primary School” program is based on a holistic system of teaching junior schoolchildren, built on uniform psychological and pedagogical foundations.

Why is the proposed model of teaching primary schoolchildren a classic? Because it is based on the classical principles of didactics, the most important theoretical principles, developed and tested by many years of practice. A classical primary school is a holistic system of educating junior schoolchildren, built on uniform psychological and pedagogical foundations.

Problems solved within the framework of the “Classical Primary School” program:

· to form knowledge, abilities, skills and even personality traits of the child that meet the individual needs of each and are necessary for their future life.

Textbooks for the Classical Primary School program:

Literary reading. Reading and literature. Dzhezheley O.V.

Russian language. Ramzaeva T.G.

Mathematics. Alexandrova E.I.

The world. World and man. Vakhrushev A.A. and etc.

The world. Introduction to history (grades 3-4). Saplin A.I., Saplina E.V.

Art. Kubyshkina E.I., Kuzin V.S.

Technology. With my own hands. Malysheva N.A.

Music. Kichak T.N., Aleev V.V.

Promising Primary School Program

The main idea of ​​the “Prospective Primary School” program is the optimal development of each child based on pedagogical support of his individuality (age, abilities, interests, inclinations, development) in the conditions of specially organized educational activities, where the student acts either as a student or as a teacher, then in the role of organizer of a learning situation.

Pedagogical support for the child’s individuality during learning brings to the fore the problem of the relationship between learning and development. A system of tasks of different levels of difficulty, a combination of a child’s individual educational activity with his work in small groups and participation in club work make it possible to provide conditions under which learning goes ahead of development, that is, in the zone of proximal development of each student based on taking into account the level of his actual development and personal interests. What a student cannot do individually, he can do with the help of a deskmate or in a small group. And what is difficult for a specific small group becomes understandable in the process of collective activity. A high degree of differentiation of questions and tasks and their number allow the primary school student to work in the conditions of his current development and create opportunities for his individual advancement.

Textbooks for the Prospective Primary School program:

ABC. Agarkova N.G., Agarkov Yu.A.

Russian language. Churakova N.A., Kalenchuk M.L., Malakhovskaya O.V., Baykova T.A.

Literary reading. Churakova N.A.

Mathematics. Chekin A.L.

The world. Fedotova O.N., Trafimova G.V., Trafimov S.A., Tsareva L.A.

Music (grades 1-2). Chelysheva T.V., Kuznetsova V.V.

Technology. Ragozina T.M., Grineva A.A., Golovanova I.L., Mylova I.B.

Computer science (grades 2-4). Benenson E.P., Pautova A.G.

Program "Perspective"

The “Perspective” program was created on a basis that reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy, while maintaining a close connection with the best traditions of classical school education. The program ensures the availability of knowledge and high-quality assimilation of program material, the comprehensive development of the personality of a primary school student, taking into account his age characteristics, interests and needs.

Objectives of the educational system "Perspective":

· formation of the ability to learn, inclusion of each child in independent cognitive activity;
· changing the teaching method from explanatory to activity-based;
· development of logical and figurative thinking, imagination, intuition;
· formation of a system of values ​​of humanism, creativity, self-development, morality as the basis for successful self-realization in life.

Textbooks for the Perspective program:

- Russian language. ABC. Klimanova L.F., Makeeva S.G., Babushkina T.V.

– Literary reading. Goretsky V.G., Klimanova L.F., Vinogradskaya L.A., Boykina M.V.

English language grades 2-4 “English in Focus” (“Spotlight”) and “Star English” (“Starlight”). Dooley D., Bykova N.I., Evans V., Pospelova M.D., Baranova K.M., Kopylova V.V., Milrud R.P.

– German 2-4 grades. Ryzhova L.I., Fomicheva L.M., Bim I.L.

– Spanish 2-4 grades. Bukharova Yu.A., Voinova A.A., Moreno K.V.

– French 2-4 grades. Beloselskaya T.V., Kasatkina N.M., Beregovskaya E.M.

- Mathematics. "Learning to learn." Guseva A.V. Peterson L.G.

- Computer science. Semyonova A.L., Rudchenko T.A.

- The world. Novitskaya M.Yu., Pleshakov A.A.

- Music. Sergeeva G.P., Kritskaya E.D., Shmagina T.S.

Program "Planet of Knowledge"

The main feature of this program lies in its integrity - in the unity of the structure of textbooks, in the unity of the forms of the educational process, in the unity of the educational schemes used, in the unity of through lines of standard tasks, in the unity of approaches to the organization of educational and extracurricular activities.

An important role in the formation of universal educational activities is played by general structure all textbooks in the set. Route sheets preceding each topic clearly represent the educational tasks facing primary schoolchildren. Highlighting invariant and variable content of the material on the pages of textbooks, a multi-level system of tasks provide the opportunity to organize educational process taking into account the student population, creating individual educational trajectories.

Objectives of the educational system “Planet of Knowledge”:

· ability to solve creative problems at the level of combinations and improvisations;
· work with educational, artistic and popular science texts;
· master the initial skills of searching for the necessary information;
· independently establish a sequence of actions to solve a learning task;
· determine ways to monitor and evaluate activities;
· identify the causes of difficulties that arise and ways to eliminate them;
· ability to negotiate, distribute work, evaluate overall result activities and their contribution to it.

Textbooks of the “Planet of Knowledge” program:

– Teaching literacy and reading. Primer. Andrianova T.M.

- Russian language. Andrianova T.M. and Ilyukhina V.A. (1st grade), Zheltovskaya L.Ya. (grades 2-4) –

– Literary reading. Katz E.E.

- Mathematics. Bashmakov M.I., Nefedova M.G.

- The world. Potapov I.V., Ivchenkova G.G. (1-2 grades), Ivchenkova G.G., Potapov I.V., Saplin A.I., Saplina E.V. (3-4 grade).

– English (grades 2-4). Larkina S.V., Goryacheva N.Yu., Nasonovskaya E.V.

- Music. Baklanova T.I.

– Fine arts (grades 1-2). Sokolnikova N.M., Lomov S.P.

– Technology (1st grade). Nefedova E.A., Uzorova O.V.

Zankov system

Zankov's system relies on the student's independence and his creative comprehension of the material. The teacher does not give schoolchildren the truth, but forces them to “get to the bottom” themselves. The scheme here is the reverse of the traditional one. First, examples are given, and students themselves must draw theoretical conclusions. The learned material is also reinforced with practical assignments. The new didactic principles of this system are the rapid mastery of material, high level difficulties, the leading role of theoretical knowledge, the passage of educational material “in a spiral”.

For example, schoolchildren are already introduced to the concept of “Parts of Speech” in the first year of study, and they must come to an understanding of these concepts on their own. The program is aimed at the comprehensive development of the child; it teaches children to obtain information themselves, rather than receive it ready-made.

Objectives of training according to the Zankov system:

· formation of a holistic, broad picture of the world through the means of science, literature, and art;
· creating conditions for each student to understand the learning process;
· implementation of active forms of cognition: observation, experiments, discussion;
· updating the practical significance of the material being studied for students;
· development of information culture – carrying out research and design work.

System of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov

In this program, a special place is given to theoretical knowledge and the logical side of learning.

The level of subjects taught is extremely difficult. The Elkonin-Davydov education system involves the development of a large set of skills in primary school graduates. The child must learn to look for missing information when faced with a new task and test his own hypotheses. Moreover, the system assumes that the younger student will independently organize interaction with the teacher and other students, analyze and critically evaluate own actions and partners' points of view. This system is suitable for those who want to develop in a child not so much the ability to analyze, but the ability to think unusually and deeply.

In this system, however, the lack of marks can be intimidating. But experts assure that everything is under control: teachers communicate all the necessary recommendations and wishes to parents and collect a kind of portfolio of students’ creative works. It serves as an indicator of progress instead of the usual diary.

In the Elkonin-Davydov system, the emphasis is not on the result - acquired knowledge, but on the methods of comprehending it. In other words, the student may not remember something, but he must know where and how, if necessary, to fill this gap. Another feature: children learn not only that two and two make four, but also why four and not seven, eight, nine or twelve. In class, the principles of language construction, the origin and structure of numbers, etc. are studied. Knowledge of the rules, based on an understanding of their reasons, certainly stays stronger in the head.

Problems solved by the Elkonin-Davydov system:

· creating a comfortable learning atmosphere (no grades: assessment of students’ work occurs at a qualitative level in the form of recommendations);
· children do not become overtired, overloading their memory with numerous new information;
· development of the ability to think unusually, deeply.

When choosing a place of education for a preschooler, parents need to take into account many different factors: remoteness educational institution from home, teacher qualifications, learning conditions. Now this list will be replenished with one more item - the school program according to which children are taught in primary school in 2019-2020.

What type of program to choose

Many educational programs for junior schoolchildren have been developed. In addition to the well-known ones, such as “School of Russia”, “Perspective”, “Harmony”, there are original, experimental, and in-school ones. Officially, only two complexes are classified as developmental systems: L.V. Zankova and Elkonina D.B – Davydova V.V. All other primary school programs for 2019-2020 are traditional.

Primary school teachers can independently choose not only the teaching method, but also books from. The entire set of teaching materials selected for primary school students in 2019-2020 must be within the same educational system. Mixing different complexes is not recommended. In the traditional system, the material is presented in such a way that the student first masters simple things, and then more complex ones. The acquired knowledge is acquired by solving similar problems. Students simply remember the solution mechanism and then confidently apply it.

Recently, this approach has often been criticized. Outside the educational institution, children cannot use the information received, and when they find themselves in an unusual situation, they get lost. However, this educational method has gained many years of experience, and its effectiveness has been proven over time. Almost all current adults studied using this system.

Primary school development programs for 2019-2020 imply a completely different learning structure. The textbooks do not have a clear division into topics, rules, or similar tasks. It is assumed that schoolchildren will be sufficiently erudite and inquisitive to obtain the necessary knowledge from other sources. The teacher not only talks about the subject, but also guides the child’s thinking. This approach to learning is designed to develop in children the ability to solve non-standard problems.

The disadvantage of developmental school programs for primary schools 2019-2020 is that after graduating from 4th grade, the child will have to move on to traditional education. There are no well-developed teaching materials for this system in high schools.

“School of Russia” is a traditional presentation of material used throughout last decades. This is exactly how they studied back in the Soviet Union. Over time, small changes were made to this program, but the principle remained the same.

“The Russian school is focused on:

• development of a person as an individual;
• awareness of universal human values;
• formation of a global way of thinking;
• provision of high-quality, comprehensive education.

When entering 1st grade, a child may not be able to read and write. No additional preparation is required for preschoolers.

The educational and methodological complex of this program is the result of many years of experience of the staff of the Primary School Center and the Russian Academy of Education. The main goal is to teach the student to learn. The educational complex is designed for erudite children. Schoolchildren must be able to independently obtain material and apply it in practice. The primary school of the 21st century contains game techniques and visual materials. The educational complex includes such books as “Learning to think and fantasize”, “Learning to understand the world around us”.

Since 2015 – one of the most popular programs. The main advantages are continuity and continuous education. Textbooks are developed not only for primary grades, but also for subsequent levels of education. Children can study under this system from the age of 3 until entering a higher education institution. The entire complex is designed taking into account the specific age of the student. Feature The program is that the child is given the maximum amount of material, but he must master at least the minimum. Thus, each student can learn as much as his abilities allow.

Planet of Knowledge is an innovative approach to the primary school curriculum for 2019-2020. All textbooks are interconnected. They have the same goals, objectives and approach to the learning process. In addition to printed publications, electronic applications have been developed. During training, children are engaged in project activities. This stimulates students to deep knowledge of the proposed material.

D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydova

This technique is aimed at developing logical abilities. Unprepared kids will not be able to cope with this program. It is understood that children entering the first grade can already independently read and count to 10. During training, schoolchildren learn to independently analyze the material, check their own guesses, and interact with the team. This system does not use grades. Instead of a diary, children create a portfolio with creative works. The teacher informs parents about the child’s progress and gives recommendations for further development.

Whatever program parents choose for elementary school in 2020, it should be remembered that much depends not only on the educational institution and the teacher, but also on the help of adults at home.