The new words couldn’t fit into my head. It also happened that a natural history textbook set us the goal of remembering the location of the planets of the solar system, and we were already selecting means to justify it. Among the many options for solving this problem, there are several interesting and practical ones.

Mnemonics in its purest form

The ancient Greeks came up with a solution for modern students. It is not for nothing that the term “mnemonics” comes from a consonant Greek word, literally meaning “the art of remembering.” This art gave rise to a whole system of actions aimed at memorizing a large amount of information - “mnemonics”.

They are very convenient to use if you simply need to store in memory a whole list of any names, a list of important addresses or telephone numbers, or remember the sequence of location of objects. In the case of the planets of our system, this technique is simply irreplaceable.

We play association or “Ivan gave birth to a girl...”

Each of us remembers and knows this poem since primary school. This is a mnemonic counting rhyme. We are talking about that couplet, thanks to which it becomes easier for a child to remember the cases of the Russian language - “Ivan Gave Birth to a Girl - Ordered to Drag the Diaper” (respectively - Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Instrumental and Prepositional).

Is it possible to do the same with the planets of the solar system? - Undoubtedly. Quite a number of mnemonics have already been invented for this astronomical educational program. a large number of. The main thing you need to know is that they are all based on associative thinking. For some it is easier to imagine an object similar in shape to the one being remembered, for others it is enough to imagine a chain of names in the form of a kind of “cipher”. Here are just a few tips on how best to record their location in memory, taking into account their distance from the central star.

Funny pictures

The order in which the planets of our star system move away from the Sun can be remembered through visual images. To begin, associate with each planet an image of an object or even a person. Then imagine these pictures one by one, in the sequence in which the planets are located inside the Solar System.

1. Mercury. If you have never seen images of this ancient Greek god, try to remember the late lead singer of the group “Queen” - Freddie Mercury, whose surname is similar to the name of the planet. It is unlikely, of course, that children can know who this uncle is. Then we suggest coming up with simple phrases where the first word would begin with the syllable MER, and the second with KUR. And they must necessarily describe specific objects, which will then become a “picture” for Mercury (this method can be used as the most extreme option with each of the planets).
2. Venus. Many people have seen the statue of Venus de Milo. If you show her to children, they will easily be able to remember this “armless aunt.” Plus, educate the younger generation. You can ask them to remember some acquaintance, classmate or relative with that name - in case there are such people in their social circle.
3. Earth. Everything is simple here. Everyone must imagine themselves, an inhabitant of the Earth, whose “picture” stands between two planets located in space before and after ours.
4. Mars. In this case, advertising can become not only an “engine of trade,” but also of scientific knowledge. We think you understand that you need to imagine the popular imported chocolate bar in place of the planet.
5. Jupiter. Try to imagine some landmark of St. Petersburg, for example, Bronze Horseman. Yes, even though the planet begins in the south, the locals call the “Northern capital” St. Petersburg. For children, such an association may not be beneficial, so invent a phrase with them.
6. Saturn. Such a “handsome man” does not need any visual image, because everyone knows him as a planet with rings. If you still have difficulties, imagine a sports stadium with a running track. Moreover, such an association has already been used by the creators of one animated film on a space theme.
7. Uranus. The most effective in this case will be a “picture” in which someone is very happy about some achievement and seems to shout “Hurray!” Agree - every child is capable of adding one letter to this exclamation.
8. Neptune. Show your children the cartoon "The Little Mermaid" - let them remember Ariel's dad - the King with a mighty beard, impressive muscles and a huge trident. And it doesn’t matter that in the story His Majesty’s name is Triton. Neptune also had this tool in his arsenal.

Now, once again mentally imagine everything (or everyone) that reminds you of the planets of the solar system. Flip through these images, like pages in a photo album, from the first “picture”, which is closest to the Sun, to the last, whose distance from the star is the greatest.

“Look, what kind of rhymes have turned out...”

Now - to mnemonics, which are based on the “initials” of the planets. Remembering the order of the planets of the solar system is indeed easiest to do by the first letters. This type of “art” is ideal for those who have less developed creative thinking, but its associative form is fine.

The most striking examples of versification in order to record the order of planets in memory are the following:

“The Bear Comes Out Behind the Raspberry - The Lawyer Managed to Escape the Lowlands”;
“We Know Everything: Yulia’s Mom Stood on Stilts in the Morning.”

You can, of course, not write a poem, but simply choose words for the first letters in the names of each of the planets. A little advice: in order not to confuse the places of Mercury and Mars, which begin with the same letter, put the first syllables at the beginning of your words - ME and MA, respectively.

For example: In some places Golden Cars could be seen, Julia seemed to see Us.

You can come up with such proposals ad infinitum - as much as your imagination allows. In a word, try, practice, remember...

> Planets of the Solar System in order

Explore planets of the solar system in order. High quality photo, place of Earth and detailed description each planet around the Sun: from Mercury to Neptune.

Let's look at the planets of the solar system in order: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

What is a planet?

According to the criteria established by the IAU in 2006, an object is considered a planet:

• on an orbital path around the Sun;
• has sufficient massiveness for hydrostatic balance;
• cleared the surrounding area of ​​foreign bodies;

This led to the fact that Pluto could not meet the last point and moved into the ranks of dwarf planets. For the same reason, Ceres is no longer an asteroid, but has joined Pluto.

But there are also trans-Neptunian objects, which are considered a subcategory of dwarf planets and are called the plutoid class. These are celestial bodies rotating beyond the orbit of Neptune. These include Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Eris and Makemake.

Planets of the Solar System in order

Let's now study our planets of the solar system in order of increasing distance from the Sun with high quality photos.

Mercury

Mercury is the first planet from the Sun, 58 million km away. Despite this, it is not considered the hottest planet.

Now considered the tiniest planet, second in size to its moon Ganymede.

• Diameter: 4,879 km
• Mass: 3.3011 × 10 23 kg (0.055 Earth).
• Length of year: 87.97 days.
• Length of day: 59 days.
• Included in the category of terrestrial planets. The crater surface resembles the Earth's Moon.
• If you weigh 45 kg on Earth, you will gain 17 kg on Mercury.
• No satellites.
• Temperature ranges from -173 to 427 °C (-279 to 801 degrees Fahrenheit)
• Only 2 missions were sent: Mariner 10 in 1974-1975. and MESSENGER, which flew past the planet three times before entering orbit in 2011.

Venus

It is 108 million km distant from the Sun and is considered an earthly sister because it is similar in parameters: 81.5% of the mass, 90% of the earth’s area and 86.6% of its volume.

Due to its thick atmospheric layer, Venus has become the hottest planet in the solar system, with temperatures rising to 462°C.

• Diameter: 12104 km.
• Mass: 4.886 x 10 24 kg (0.815 earth)
• Length of the year: 225 days.
• Length of day: 243 days.
• Temperature heating: 462°C.
• Dense and toxic atmospheric layer filled with carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) with drops of sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
• No satellites.
• Retrograde rotation is characteristic.
• If you weigh 45 kg on Earth, you will gain 41 kg on Venus.
• It was called the Morning and Evening Star because it is often brighter than any other object in the sky and is usually visible at dawn or dusk. Often even mistaken for a UFO.
• Sent over 40 missions. Magellan mapped 98% of the planet's surface in the early 1990s.

Earth

Earth - native home, living at a distance of 150 million km from the star. So far the only world that has life.

• Diameter: 12760 km.
• Weight: 5.97 x 10 24 kg.
• Length of the year: 365 days.
• Length of day: 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds.
• Surface Heat: Average - 14°C, with ranges from -88°C to 58°C.
• The surface is constantly changing, and 70% is covered by oceans.
• There is one satellite.
• Atmospheric composition: nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%) and other gases (1%).
• The only world with life.

Mars

The Red Planet, 288 million km distant. Received its second name because of the reddish tint created by iron oxide. Mars resembles Earth due to its axial rotation and tilt, which creates seasonality.

There are also many familiar surface features, such as mountains, valleys, volcanoes, deserts and ice caps. The atmosphere is thin, so the temperature drops to -63 o C.

• Diameter: 6787 km.
• Mass: 6.4171 x 10 23 kg (0.107 Earth).
• Length of the year: 687 days.
• Length of day: 24 hours and 37 minutes.
• Surface Temperature: Average - approximately -55°C with a range of -153°C to +20°C.
• Belongs to the category of terrestrial planets. The rocky surface has been affected by volcanoes, asteroid attacks and atmospheric effects such as dust storms.
• The thin atmosphere consists of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar). If you weigh 45 kg on Earth, you will gain 17 kg on Mars.
• There are two tiny moons: Phobos and Deimos.
• Called the Red Planet because iron minerals in the soil oxidize (rust).
• More than 40 spacecraft have been sent.

Jupiter

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, living at a distance of 778 million km from the Sun. She is 317 times larger than Earth and 2.5 times more than all the planets together. Represented by hydrogen and helium.

The atmosphere is considered the most intense, where the wind accelerates to 620 km/h. There are also amazing auroras that almost never stop.

• Diameter: 428400 km.
• Mass: 1.8986 × 10 27 kg (317.8 Earth).
• Length of year: 11.9 years.
• Length of day: 9.8 hours.
• Temperature reading: -148°C.
• There are 67 known moons, and another 17 moons await confirmation of their discovery. Jupiter resembles a mini-system!
• In 1979, Voyager 1 spotted a faint ring system.
• If you weigh 45 kg on Earth, you will get 115 kg on Jupiter.
• The Great Red Spot is a massive storm ( more than Earth), which has not stopped for hundreds of years. IN last years there is a downward trend.
• Many missions have flown past Jupiter. The last one arrived in 2016 - Juno.

Saturn

Distant 1.4 billion km. Saturn is a gas giant with a gorgeous ring system. There are layers of gas concentrated around a solid core.

• Diameter: 120500 km.
• Mass: 5.66836 × 10 26 kg (95.159 Earth).
• Length of year: 29.5 years.
• Length of day: 10.7 hours.
• Temperature mark: -178 °C.
• Atmospheric composition: hydrogen (H2) and helium (He).
• If you weigh 45 kg on Earth, you will get about 48 kg on Saturn.
• There are 53 known satellites with an additional 9 awaiting confirmation.
• 5 missions were sent to the planet. Since 2004, Cassini has been studying the system.

Uranus

Lives at a distance of 2.9 billion km. It belongs to the class of ice giants due to the presence of ammonia, methane, water and hydrocarbons. Methane also creates a blue appearance.

Uranus is the frostiest planet in the system. The seasonal cycle is quite bizarre, as it lasts 42 years for each hemisphere.

• Diameter: 51120 km.
• Length of year: 84 years.
• Length of day: 18 hours.
• Temperature mark: -216°C.
• Most of the planetary mass is a hot, dense liquid of “icy” materials: water, ammonia and methane.
• Atmospheric composition: hydrogen and helium with a small admixture of methane. Methane causes a blue-green hue.
• If you weigh 45 kg on Earth, you will get 41 kg on Uranus.
• There are 27 satellites.
• There is a weak ring system.
• The only ship sent to the planet was Voyager 2.

The solar system - our home - consists of 8 planets and many other cosmic bodies that revolve around a star. Large, medium, small in size, solid and consisting of gases, closest and farthest from the Sun, they live within the system according to a clearly established order.

Until 2006, it was believed that there were 9 planets in the solar system. However, then at the next International Astronomical Congress, the most distant object, Pluto, was crossed off the list. Scientists revised the criteria and left planets that fit the following parameters:

• orbital rotation around a star (Sun);
• gravity and spherical shape;
• the absence of other large cosmic bodies nearby, except for their own satellites.

These planets are in order from the Sun:

1. Mercury. Diameter – 4.9 thousand km.
2. Venus. Diameter – 12.1 thousand km.
3. Earth. Diameter – 12.7 thousand km.
4. Mars. Diameter – 6.8 thousand km.
5. Jupiter. Diameter – 139.8 thousand km.
6. Saturn. Diameter – 116.5 thousand km.
7. Uranus. Diameter – 50.7 thousand km.
8. Neptune. Diameter – 49.2 thousand km.

Attention! Scientists were prompted to revise the parameters by the discovery of another planet-like body - Eris, which turned out to be heavier than Pluto. Both objects were classified as dwarf planets.

Terrestrial planets: Mercury and Venus

The planets in the Solar System are divided into two groups: terrestrial (inner) and gas (outer). They are separated from each other by an asteroid belt. According to one hypothesis, it is a planet that could not form under strong impact Jupiter. The terrestrial group includes planets with a solid surface.

There are 8 planets

Mercury– the first object of the system from the sun. Its orbit is the smallest, and it revolves around the star faster than the others. A year here is equal to 88 Earth days. But Mercury rotates very slowly around its axis. The local day here is longer than the local year and amounts to 4224 Earth hours.

Attention! The movement of the sun in the black sky of Mercury is very different from that on Earth. Due to the peculiarities of rotation and orbit at different points, it may look as if the star is freezing, “backing away,” rising and setting several times a day.

Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system. It is even smaller than some of the satellites of the gas group of planets. Its surface is covered with many craters with a diameter ranging from several meters to hundreds of kilometers. There is almost no atmosphere on Mercury, so the surface can be very hot during the day (+440°C) and cold at night (-180°C). But already at a depth of 1 m the temperature is stable and is approximately +75°C at any time.

Venus- the second planet from the Sun. Its powerful atmosphere of carbon dioxide (more than 96%) for a long time hid the surface from human eyes. Venus is very hot (+460°C), but unlike Mercury, the main reason for this is Greenhouse effect due to the density of the atmosphere. The pressure on the surface of Venus is 92 times greater than that on Earth. Under the clouds of sulfuric acid lie hurricanes and thunderstorms that never subside here.

Terrestrial planets: Earth and Mars

Earth- the largest of the inner group and the only planet in the system suitable for life. The Earth's atmosphere contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, and water vapor. The surface is protected by an ozone layer and a magnetic field just enough for life to be born on it in the form in which it exists now. Earth's satellite is the Moon.

Mars closes the four terrestrial planets. The planet has a very thin atmosphere, a surface with craters, a topography with valleys, deserts, extinct volcanoes and polar glaciers. Including the huge Olympus volcano, which is the largest peak on the planets of the solar system - 21.2 km. It has been proven that the surface of the planet was once . But today there is only ice and dust devils.

The location of the planets in the solar system

Gas group planets

Jupiter- the largest planet in the solar system. It is more than 300 times heavier than the Earth, although it consists of gases: hydrogen and helium. Jupiter has quite powerful radiation to influence nearby objects. It has the most satellites - 67. Some of them are quite large bodies, different in structure.

Jupiter itself is covered in liquid. On its surface there are noticeable many stripes of light and dark colors moving parallel to the equator. These are clouds. Winds of up to 600 km/h rage beneath them. For several centuries, astronomers have been observing a red spot on the surface of Jupiter larger than the Earth, which is a giant storm.

Attention! Jupiter rotates around its axis faster than all the planets in the solar system. A day here is less than 10 hours.

Saturn popularly known as the ringed planet. They consist of ice and dust particles. The planet's atmosphere is dense, almost entirely consisting of hydrogen (more than 96%) and helium. Saturn has more than 60 open moons. The surface density is the smallest among the planets of the system, less than the density of water.

Uranus and Neptune They are classified as ice giants because they have a lot of ice on their surface. And the atmosphere consists of hydrogen and helium. Neptune is very stormy, Uranus is much calmer. As the most distant planet in the system, Neptune has the most long year- almost 165 earth years. Behind Neptune is the little-studied Kuiper Belt, a cluster of small bodies of various structures and sizes. It is considered the outskirts of the solar system.

Space: video

The planetary system, called the Solar system, includes the central luminary - the Sun, as well as many space objects of different sizes and status. This system was formed as a result of the compression of a cloud of dust and gas more than 4 billion years ago. Main part of the mass solar planet centered on the Sun. Eight large planets orbit the star in nearly circular orbits located within a flat disk.

The inner planets of the solar system are considered to be Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars (in order of distance from the Sun). These celestial bodies are classified as terrestrial planets. The following are the most major planets– Jupiter and Saturn. The series is completed by Uranus and Neptune, located farthest from the center. Orbiting the dwarf planet Pluto at the very edge of the system.

Earth is the third planet in the solar system. Like other large bodies, it revolves around the Sun in a closed orbit, subject to the gravitational force of the star. The sun attracts celestial bodies to itself, preventing them from approaching the center of the system or flying away into space. Together with the planets, smaller bodies - meteors, comets, asteroids - rotate around the central star.

Features of planet Earth

The average distance from Earth to the center of the solar system is 150 million km. The location of the third planet turned out to be extremely favorable from the point of view of the emergence and development of life. The Earth receives a tiny amount of heat from the Sun, but this energy is quite enough for living organisms to exist within the planet. On Venus and Mars, the closest neighbors of the Earth, conditions in this regard are less favorable.

Among the planets of the so-called terrestrial group, the Earth stands out for its greatest density and size. The composition of the local atmosphere, which contains free oxygen, is unique. The presence of a powerful hydrosphere also gives the Earth its originality. These factors have become one of the main conditions for the existence of biological forms. Scientists believe that the formation internal structure The Earth still continues due to tectonic processes occurring in its depths.

The Moon, its natural satellite, is located in close proximity to the Earth. This is the only space object that people have visited to date. The average distance between the Earth and its satellite is about 380 thousand km. The lunar surface is covered with dust and rocky debris. There is no atmosphere on the Earth's satellite. It is possible that in the distant future the territory of the Moon will be developed by earthly civilization.

Names of the planets of the Solar System: where do they come from?

Humanity still knows nothing about the origin of the name of which planet? The answer will surprise you...

Most cosmic bodies in the Universe received their names in honor of ancient Roman and Greek deities. Modern names of planets in the solar system are also associated with ancient mythological characters. And only one planet is an exception to this list: its name has nothing to do with the ancient gods. What space object are we talking about? Let's figure it out.

Planets of the Solar System.

Science knows for sure about the existence of 8 planets in the solar system. Not long ago, scientists expanded this list with the discovery of a ninth planet, whose name has not yet been officially announced, so let’s leave it alone for now. Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter, due to their location and gigantic size, are combined into a single, external group. Mars, Earth, Venus and Mercury are classified as the terrestrial inner group.

The location of the planets.

Until 2006, Pluto was considered a planet in the solar system, but careful exploration of outer space has changed ideas about this object. It was classified as the largest cosmic body in the Kuiper belt. Pluto was given the status of a dwarf planet. Known to mankind since 1930, it owes its name to an Oxford schoolgirl, Venice Bernie. By voting by astronomers, the choice fell on the option of an eleven-year-old girl, who proposed to name the planet in honor of the Roman god - the patron saint of the underworld and death.

Pluto and its moon Charon.

Its existence became known in the middle of the 19th century (1846), when the cosmic body was discovered through mathematical calculations by John Couch Adams and Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier. The name of the new planet in the solar system caused a discussion between astronomers: each of them wanted to perpetuate their name in the name of the object. To end the dispute, they proposed a compromise option - the name of the god of the seas from ancient Roman mythology.

Neptune: the name of a planet in the solar system.

Initially, the planet had several names. Discovered in 1781, they decided to christen it after the discoverer W. Herschel. The scientist himself wanted to honor the British ruler George III with a similar honor, but astronomers suggested continuing the tradition of his ancestors and, like the 5 the most ancient planets, give a “divine” name cosmic body. The main contender turned out to be greek god sky Uranus.

Uranus.

The existence of a giant planet was known back in the pre-Christian era. When choosing a name, the Romans decided to settle on the God of Agriculture.

Giant planet Saturn.

The name of the Roman supreme god is embodied in the name of the planet in the solar system - the largest of them. Like Saturn, Jupiter was known for a very long time, because it was not difficult to see the giant in the sky.

Jupiter.

The reddish tint of the planet’s surface is associated with bloodshed, which is why the Roman god of war gave the name to the space object.

"Red Planet" Mars.

Almost nothing is known about the name of our home planet. We can certainly say that its name has nothing to do with mythology. The first mention of the modern name of the planet was recorded in 1400. It is associated with the Anglo-Saxon term for soil or ground - “Earth”. But there is no information about who called the Earth “earth”.