Material about sands and deserts (more like thinking out loud), based on the data that we have today...
(From the Arabic "sahra" - desert)
Tell me, where do we have the most sand?
That's right... underwater, in the oceans and seas. Deserts are the bottom of seas and oceans. Yes Yes exactly. As a result of movements of the earth's crust, something went down and something rose to the top. But this process took more than one thousand years.
As you know, deserts occupy about a third of the planet's landmass. But it happens that the desert you see is not really a desert at all. Today you will learn about several such places on our planet.
Sahara
Almost the entire north of Africa is occupied by the world's largest desert - the Sahara. Now its territory extends over 9 million square kilometers, and the semi-desert Sahel adjoins to the south. Temperatures in the Sahara reach a prohibitive 60 degrees, and yet there is life there. Moreover, life in this territory not only hid from the bright sun behind every grain of sand, emerging only at night. Even 2700 - 3000 years ago, forests grew in this place, rivers flowed and the windows of countless lakes sparkled.
And about 9,000 years ago, the Sahara Desert was dominated by very humid climate. And for several thousand years it was home to people, as well as many steppe and forest animals.
Photographer Mike Hettwer kindly shared his photographs of what remains of the green era of the Sahara Desert. (© Mike Hettwer).
During an expedition to find dinosaur fossils in the West African state of Niger, photographer Mike Hettwer discovered a large burial site containing hundreds of skeletons from two different cultures- Kiffian and Tenerian, each of which is thousands of years old. Hunting implements, ceramics and bones of large animals and fish were also found.
An aerial view of the desert and the barely visible tents of a small group of archaeologists conducting excavations. Looking at this photo, it’s hard to believe that several thousand years ago this was the “green” Sahara.
This is a 6,000-year-old skeleton found that, for unknown reasons, had its middle finger in its mouth. At the time of the excavation, the temperature in this part of the Sahara Desert was +49 degrees, far from the temperature in the “green” Sahara 9,000 years ago.
Six thousand years ago, a mother and two children died at the same time, and were buried here holding each other's hands. Someone took care of them, as scientists discovered that flowers had been placed on top of the bodies. It is not yet known how they died.
This 8,000-year-old rock carving of a giraffe is considered one of the finest petroglyphs in the world. The giraffe is depicted with a leash on its nose, which implies a certain level of domestication of these animals.
Interestingly, ancient sands can store information. Optical luminescence studies of sand carried out in a US laboratory have proven that the bottom of this lake was formed 15,000 years ago during the last ice age.
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Most deserts were formed on geological platforms and occupy the oldest land areas. Deserts located in Asia, Africa and Australia are usually located at altitudes from 200-600 meters above sea level, in Central Africa and North America - at an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level. Most deserts border or are surrounded by mountains. Deserts are located either next to young high mountain systems (Karakum and Kyzylkum deserts Central Asia- Alashan and Ordos, South American deserts), or - with ancient mountains (Northern Sahara).
Something unpleasant, perhaps even the very word “desert” is terrible.
She leaves no hope, decisively declaring that there is nothing here and cannot be. There is emptiness here, desert. And indeed, if we sum up even those brief information about the desert, which have already been reported, the picture will not be very cheerful. There is no water; several tens of millimeters of rain or snow fall per year, while other areas receive an average layer of moisture of many meters per year. In the summer there is scorching heat, forty or even more degrees, and in the shade, and in the sun it’s scary to even say - the sand heats up to eighty. And mostly very bad soils - sands, cracked clay, limestone, gypsum, salt crusts. The desert stretches for many hundreds of kilometers, no matter how much you seem to walk or drive, it is still the same lifeless land.
It’s hot, there’s no water, there’s no one for tens of kilometers... But it’s still beautiful.
The insane stuffiness subsides only at night, when the sands cool down.
Sand - so what is it? - silicon dioxide, that's what it is. Sand from the bottom ancient sea- ocean. I don’t even know how long ago the desert was a sea. It's hard to say for sure. There is some kind of panic with dating today. But 12,000 years ago there was a completely different world here. The paintings on the cave walls depict tropical paradise, where people hunted antelopes, hippos, and elephants. An abundance of food, thousands of hunters and gatherers - that's what was in this blooming savannah, but not only here.
Confirmation is provided by photographs taken spaceship The shuttle in different ranges, which show that buried under the sand are riverbeds that once stretched across the entire Sahara Desert.
North Africa was inhabited.
Where did this green world come from here? The answer lies beyond this place. The Earth's orbit is not stable. In ancient times, a slight deviation of the Earth from its axis caused global changes. One hundred thousand years ago the deviation was only one degree, but for the Earth it had a catastrophic effect. The territory has moved a little closer to the sun. And that changed everything...
Five thousand years ago, the earth's axis again deviated from its trajectory, which led to disastrous consequences for the Sahara. Deadly sands have returned to the place where life flourished. For the people living here, this was the beginning of the apocalypse. Those who managed to survive moved to the western part of the desert, where the last patch of vegetation remained - the Nile River.
This single source of water provided life for the millions of people who settled on its banks. These were the ancient Egyptians. Their great civilization arose as a result of catastrophic climate change.
The Sahara is the largest and hottest desert. Theoretically, there are more than a million trillion grains of sand. This sand seems ordinary, but to experts it is unique. Sandboarding champions claim that this is the most “slippery” sand. In addition, this is the oldest sand on the planet.
225 million years ago the Sahara was much larger.
She was part of a planet that looked completely different than it does now. Almost the entire surface of the world consisted of one continent. It was the ancestor of the Sahara Desert. A huge part of land with an area of 30 million square kilometers was called Pangea. Today, evidence of the existence of this ancient desert is found all over the world, even in places where you least expect to see it.
In this lifeless environment, scientists did one of the most amazing discoveries throughout the history of the Sahara. A huge ocean in the middle of the desert. There used to be rivers and lakes there, but that was a very long time ago. The Sahara Desert was much larger. The discovery began with the discovery of one of the most big creatures on the planet. It was the skeleton of a Paralititan, the largest dinosaur. It weighed approximately 40-45 tons. In addition, irrefutable evidence of the existence of sea life in a vast desert space: shark teeth, turtle shells. 95 million years ago, a huge ocean stretched across the entire territory of North Africa. Scientists call it the Tethys Sea.
Paralititan
How much did such a giant need to eat in order to support itself..? This indicates that there was plenty of green food in this territory.
100 million years ago the continents were still moving in different sides . Africa gradually separated from the rest of the world.
As soon as it separated, 80 trillion liters of water rushed into the vacated space. Water flooded the earth and formed new huge seas.
Life flourished along the coast and for more than 60 million years, the Sahara remained one of the greenest and most fertile places on Earth. But the same forces that gave birth to the sea of Tennis also destroyed it.
As Africa moved across the globe, the continent experienced enormous tectonic stress. In the blink of an eye, the Tethys Sea flowed north towards Mediterranean Sea. A rapid stream of water formed. His power cut a channel through the rock, creating a chasm like the Grand Canyon.
This one fissure will create something that will change the course of human history. The landscape of the Sahara Desert is varied. The line between life and death is very thin. But even here, among 5.5 million km² of sand, there is something amazing - the most fertile arable land.
The banks of the Nile extend for 3 km. This thin strip supports a population of 1 million people. But mighty river exists here only due to the collision of natural forces that occurred a thousand kilometers south of here. There are monsoons and rains here equatorial Africa moving south to meet the melting snow of the Ethiopian highlands.
Every year, billions of gallons of water overflow the banks of the Nile, flooding the country with valuable silt and minerals, some of nature's best fertilizers.
Beyond this area, there is a struggle for survival. Only a few plant species have adapted to desert life. Palm trees have developed wide, shallow roots that only need a little moisture. The leaves of the grass have become thinner, which reduces the evaporation of precious liquid. Even humans have adapted to live in these harsh conditions.
Nomads live in this desert. To survive, they use unique geological structures - oases. Wonderful water sources hidden among the dunes. These natural reservoirs contain liquid that has accumulated here for several million years. This is the most effective method storing water on the planet.
The secret of oases in the unique sand of the Sahara. Usually water is quickly absorbed, penetrating deep into the ground through the sand. But the Sahara Desert has the smoothest and roundest sand on the planet. Sand grains, polished by the wind over millions of years, are compressed and compacted. This retains moisture and water is not absorbed anywhere.
The Egyptian oases have enough water to supply the Nile River for 500 years. These oases bring life to the desert, but human intervention upsets the delicate balance of life in the desert.
Once people move here, construction, pollution and agriculture destroy the topsoil and they disappear. Human civilization increases pressure on the environment, changing its balance.
Now the desert is growing by 80,000 km² per year. This growth is dangerous.
Light sand in the desert reflects heat into the atmosphere. The atmosphere is getting hotter. Clouds are more difficult to form and without rain the desert becomes even drier. The deadly reflector is global problem, since these events affect people not only in North Africa. Everything that happens in the Sahara affects people living thousands of kilometers away.
The history of the Sahara is more than just the history of the North African desert - it is the history of our planet. We are only beginning to understand the significance of the complex interactions that occur in remote parts of the world. But the Sahara plays a central role in the Earth's fragile ecology. The answer lies in its location and life-giving properties that can change the whole world.
So where does sand come from in such quantities?
The origin of deserts can be determined from the data of geology, hydrogeology and paleogeography of the region, historical information, and archaeological works. Images of the Sahara from space show light-colored sands extending in the direction of prevailing winds from dry valleys. And this is not surprising. Because the main source of sand in the desert is alluvial deposits, river sediments. ( Alluvium (lat. alluviō - “sediment”, “alluvium”) - unconsolidated sediments)
How is sand formed? (Traveling grains of sand)
The ancient Greek philosopher-mathematician Pythagoras once puzzled his students by asking them the question of how many grains of sand there are on Earth.
In one of the tales told by Scheherazade to King Shahryar during 1001 nights, it is said that “the armies of the kings were countless, like grains of sand in the desert.” It is difficult to calculate how many grains of sand there are on Earth or even in the desert. But you can quite easily determine the approximate number of them in one cubic meter of sand. Having calculated, we find that in such a volume the number of grains of sand is determined by astronomical figures of 1.5-2 billion pieces.
Thus, Scheherazade’s comparison was at least unsuccessful, since if the fairy-tale kings needed as many soldiers as there are grains in just one cubic meter of sand, then for this they would have to call the entire male population of the globe under arms. And even this would not be enough.
Where did countless grains of sand come from on Earth?
To answer this question, let's take a closer look at this interesting breed.
Vast continental spaces of the Earth are covered with sand. They can be found on the coasts of rivers and seas, in the mountains and on the plains. But especially a lot of sand has accumulated in deserts. Here it forms mighty sandy rivers and seas.
If we fly in an airplane over the Kyzylkum and Karakum deserts, we will see an immense sand sea. Its entire surface is covered with mighty waves, as if frozen “and petrified in the midst of an unprecedented storm that engulfed colossal spaces.” In the deserts of our country, sand seas occupy an area exceeding 56 million hectares.
Looking at sand through a magnifying glass, you can see thousands of sand grains of different sizes and shapes. Some of them have a round shape, others have irregular outlines.
Using a special microscope, you can measure the diameter of individual grains of sand. The largest of them can be measured even with a regular ruler with millimeter divisions. Such “coarse” grains have a diameter of 0.5-2 mm. Sand consisting of particles of this size is called coarse sand. The other part of the sand grains has a diameter of 0.25-0.5 mm. Sand consisting of such particles is called medium-grain sand.
Finally, the smallest sand grains range from 0.25 to 0.05 in diameter. mm. It can only be measured using optical instruments. If such grains of sand predominate in sand, they are called fine-grained and fine-grained.
How are grains of sand formed?
Geologists have found that their origin has a long and complex history. The ancestors of sand are massive rocks: granite, gneiss, sandstone.
The workshop in which the process of transforming these rocks into sand accumulations takes place is nature itself. Day after day, year after year, rocks are subject to weathering. As a result, even such a strong rock as granite disintegrates into fragments, which become more and more crushed. Some of the weathering products dissolve and are carried away. The minerals that are most resistant to atmospheric agents remain, mainly quartz - silicon oxide, one of the most stable compounds on the Earth's surface. Sands may contain feldspars, micas and some other minerals in much smaller quantities. The story of grains of sand does not end here. For large aggregations to form, the grains must become travelers.
(I’ll say right away that this version of the scientists does not suit me - the scientists are being dark, oh they’re dark)
And this one doesn't fit either...
“Where does sand come from?”- The short answer is: grains of sand are pieces of ancient mountains.
But this one seems to fit:
Desert sand- this is the result of the tireless work of water and wind. It comes mainly from ancient oceans and seas. For millions of years, waves ground coastal rocks and stones into sand. During the development of the Earth, some seas disappeared, and in their place huge masses of sand remained. Winds blowing in the desert separate the light river sand from the pebbles and often carry it over long distances, where sandy mounds are formed. The sand may also come from the sandbanks of rivers that formerly flowed through deserts, or we're talking about about rocks that have weathered and turned into sand.
(But let’s imagine how much time it takes to “grind” the rocks so that there is so much sand?)
So that the reader understands where I’m going with this, here’s a hint:
Sand is time.
Time of planet Earth. (from the moment of its inception, foundation) +/- (like all watches in the world)
We can say that every grain of sand has its own unique story. Only here is a key to pick up in order to get data from this sand array.
# - If you understand that water was a primary or secondary substance during the creation of our world, then another substance, solid (stone, rock) interacted with water, rubbed, rolled, along the bottom of the seas, oceans, and was carried by the wind..
How long (millions of years) did it take water to make a grain of sand from pieces, fragments of silicon, granite, ...? - and you try to imagine...
Another version (not mine)
Origin of the Sahara Desert and its sand:
Sand in air currents, especially sand carried from the African Sahara across the Atlantic to South America, helps support the amazing diversity of life in the jungle and Amazon basin. And what happened to the Sahara Desert, which was depicted in rock art as an area of lakes, rivers, boats and animals?
From lakes and grasslands with hippos and giraffes to a vast desert, the sudden geographic transformation of North Africa 5,000 years ago is one of the most dramatic climate changes on the planet. The transformation took place almost simultaneously throughout the northern part of the continent.
Scientists write that the Sahara turned into a desert almost instantly!
Transformation of North Africa 5,000 years ago is one of the most dramatic climate changes on the planet.
If the Sahara became a huge desert a few thousand years ago or so, what event contributed to this - did it turn the substance into sand or led to the release of huge quantities of sand into the area?
A team of researchers tracked the region's wet and dry seasons over the past 30,000 years by analyzing sediment samples off the coast of Africa. Such deposits consist, in part, of dust blown from the continent over thousands of years: the more dust accumulated over a certain period, the drier the continent was.
Based on measurements taken, the researchers found that the Sahara emitted five times less dust during the African wet period than it does today. Their results, indicating much greater climate change in Africa than previously thought, will be published in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
Theories of the origin and formation of sand
The origin and formation of most of the sand on Earth and in the Sahara comes down to:
Natural - due to erosion or influenced by the atmosphere
Extraterrestrial - massive dumping of sand during planetary interactions (scenario described in Velikovsky's book Worlds in Collision)
Extraterrestrial - Earth's capture of debris/sand from solar system after planetary disasters such as satellite hijackings.
Creation/transformation of matter by phenomena of the Electric Universe such as cometary and planetary discharges in the Solar System
Formation of the Electric Universe by local geological phenomena?
Introduced from the bowels of the planet (mud storms, etc.)
Still being formed in real time by Electrical Geology phenomena in the Electric Universe?
And here's another interesting guess:
Theory of the origin of sand in the context of the Electric Universe
The theory says that in historical times Mars has been involved in hundreds of catastrophic close encounters with Earth.
Immanuel Velikovsky with his theory and book Worlds in Collision: Planets, satellites and comets are electrically discharged and explode.
Velikovsky's ideas about disasters and geology, described in the book Earth in Revolution.
When there is a highly charged object such as a comet heading towards the earth, then before it hits there will be an electrical discharge between the two bodies, the magnitude of which will be sufficient to destroy the incoming object - thus, everything will end with a hail of sand and the like.
During the famous Chicago fire the entire US territory was illuminated by strange lights, accompanied by falling sand and similar phenomena. This happened during the disappearance comet Biela. (1871)
Is it possible that the Earth is covered in debris from recent space disasters? Could debris such as large boulders, rocks, stones, dust and sand that are believed to originate on Earth actually be extraterrestrial in origin?
Countless tons of rocks bombard the Earth's atmosphere, fragmenting and breaking down into tiny particles of sand. Having fallen to the Earth, they cover vast areas that were once green and fertile lands, turning them into the deserts that we see today.
This and much more suggests that the catastrophic events of the past had a real basis, but were transformed into a kind of symbolic clues. It is also important that our present time, quite possibly, may soon also become only a symbolic hint for the future generation of people.
The Earth is like a magnet, attracting everything that flies past, in the form of comets, fireballs, asteroids and... (Well, yes, it’s possible that the version is passable) Over millions of years, it would be possible to collect such an amount of sand.
So what do we know?
5000 years ago everything was different in the Sahara. There was greenery everywhere.. Animals that needed grass, and... Carved on stone (see picture) There is also a sailboat. That is, there was water on which boats floated.
An event of grand scale took place on Earth about 5,000 years ago. It's hard to imagine what exactly it was. The period is not short... One can only guess..(build different versions) from space to..
There is no water, the sailboats have crumbled into dust, the animals have gone closer to water and food. And only sand in incredible quantities quietly keeps the secret...
MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "KINDERGARTEN No. 61 "FLAG" OF THE CITY OF SMOLENSK
NOD OO "POZNANIE" IN THE MIDDLE GROUP
“WHERE DOES THE SAND COME FROM?”
Teacher of the highest qualification category
Target: To introduce experimentally the formation of sand in nature.
Material: desert model, coast model, lump sugar, plate, tablespoon, candle, water in a jug, pipette. Cocktail straws, magnifying glasses for each child. Presentation.
Organization. Sitting and standing around the table.
PROGRESS OF THE CLASS
Guys, today bad weather, it’s raining outside and we won’t go for a walk. I prepared sand for you to play in a group, and it disappeared somewhere. There’s just a little bit left, you can’t build anything from it. It's a pity we won't play now. The toys are small, but there is no sand. And I really wanted to play. What to do? Don't know. Where do you think you can get sand? (Answers). In the sandbox, on the river, on the beach, in the desert...
Where does all this sand come from? (Answers) Let's turn to our computer Robitox, what will it tell us about this, where does sand come from?
Sand is particles of rocks that make up the soil. The sand turns out
when a stone disintegrates - under the influence of water, weather conditions, glaciers.
Let's check if this is true?
Experience 1. (demonstration) How sand is formed.
- Here's a piece of sugar. Can you say that it looks like a stone? It's possible, it's just as hard. Even if you squeeze it hard, it won't break. What will happen to it if drops of water fall on it? Water seeps into the cube and destroys the bonds that hold the sugar particles together, and it collapses, breaks. The same thing happens with stones, only slower.
Conclusion: Under the influence of water, stones are destroyed.
- Not only water destroys stones, but also the sun. You know that the sun is very hot. See what happens to a piece of sugar when you heat it. (Answers) That's right, it begins to melt, melt.
What happens to its shape? She begins to change. The same goes for stones.
Conclusion: Under the influence of the sun, stones are destroyed and change their shape.
- But the sun hid, and it became cool. What's happening? (Answers) The sugar stone has hardened. What happened to his form? She has changed. How has the sugar stone changed in general? (Answer) Yes, the color has changed. And what else? Is it the same thickness? (Answer) No, it’s different, in some places it’s thicker and in others it’s thinner. At some point the stone becomes brittle and can break easily. The same thing happens with stones.
Robitox still wants to tell us something.
There are two places where the largest deposits can be found
sand - these are sloping deserts sea shores where the beaches usually are.
Experience 2. Here I have a model of the desert.
- Take straws and blow on the sand. What happened? (Answers) It scattered and moved. Sand waves formed on it, and sand mounds appeared.
Not all deserts have only sand, some have only rocks.
- And if a strong wind blows, what happens to the grains of sand and stones? (Answers) They fly apart and hit each other. Do you think when strong impact can they break? (Answer) They can. Here we have proven to you that sand can be produced by weathering.
Conclusion: The stones are destroyed by the wind. The wind carries sand, creating sand waves and hills.
Physical education minute. Let's play a little.
The water splashes quietly,
We are floating along a warm river. (Swimming movements with hands.)
There are clouds in the sky like sheep,
They fled in all directions. ( Stretching - arms up and to the sides.)
We're climbing out of the river,
Let's take a walk to dry off. ( Walking in place.)
Now take a deep breath.
And we sit down on the sand. (Children sit down.)
If the soil consists mainly of sand, its large grains are unable to hold water and nutrients necessary for plants. This is one of the reasons why you won't see many plants either in the desert or on the beach. Deserts are practically open to weathering.
It is not always hot in deserts; sometimes it rains, and not just rain, but heavy downpours. And on the coasts there are ebbs and flows.
Experiment 3. (demonstration) Here I have a model of the coast with a sandy beach. Pieces of plasticine are rocks. The part of the model filled with sand is the beach. I will fill the remaining part with water. I will use a piece of cardboard to represent waves. What happens to the sand? (Answers) Water washes away the sand and rocks and stones remain visible. You already know what happens to stones under the influence of water. What's happening? (Answer) They collapse and turn into sand. And water currents carry sand particles all over the world.
Conclusion: The stones are destroyed by water and turn into sand.
Experiment 4. What sand looks like. Take magnifying glasses and look at it. You can pour it with your hands. Tell us what the sand looks like? What do grains of sand look like? Are grains of sand similar to each other? (Answers) Do grains of sand stick to each other? (answers) no, grains of sand do not stick to each other.
If you look closely at a handful of sand, you can see that the grains of sand have different color. This is because sand is formed from several rocks various types. Sand can appear brown, yellow, white, and even black (if it comes from a certain volcanic rock). On some beaches, the sand may contain grains of organic origin, the source of which is the remains of living creatures, such as corals, shells, rather than rocks.
Conclusion: sand consists of small multi-colored grains that do not stick together.
So we played swami. And we not only played, but learned a lot of interesting things about sand. What did you find most interesting and what do you remember most? (Answers) Well done. Receive medals “The most inquisitive child”
On Earth in various places there is a huge amount of sand.
From amazing colored sandy beaches, sandy deserts, sandstones and sand layers, sand islands such as Fraser Island in Australia, and all sand in the soil, oceans, and atmosphere.
How did sand form on other planets with completely different geological structures? Especially sandy Mars with its incredible dunes (sand and hematite), dusty atmosphere and sand storms covering the entire planet.
Origin of the Sahara Desert and its sand
Sand in air currents, particularly sand carried from the African Sahara across the Atlantic to South America, helps support the amazing diversity of life in the jungles and Amazon. And what happened to the Sahara Desert, which was depicted in rock art as an area of lakes, rivers, boats and animals?
From lakes and grasslands with hippos and giraffes to a vast desert, the sudden geographic transformation of North Africa 5,000 years ago is one of the most dramatic climate changes on the planet. The transformation took place almost simultaneously throughout the northern part of the continent.The Electric Universe: Comets & Planets - Wallace Thornhill, David Talbott | Coast to Coast
Is it possible that the Earth is covered in debris from recent space disasters? Could debris such as large boulders, rocks, stones, dust and sand that are believed to originate on Earth actually be extraterrestrial in origin?Countless tons of rocks bombard the Earth's atmosphere, fragmenting and breaking down into tiny particles of sand. Having fallen to the Earth, they cover vast areas that were once green and fertile lands, turning them into the deserts that we see today.
Sahara Desert | Gary Gilligan
Peroxide reactions, especially in the presence of activating ultraviolet light, will promote the conversion of hematite or hydrated limonite to magnetite. Secondly, magnetite, in the presence of peroxide, can transform into maghemite, which can exist in a magnetic and non-magnetic (hematite) state. This occurs because, as is well known to virtually every practicing chemist, under certain conditions peroxides can be both oxidizing and reducing agents. The exotic Martian conditions certainly rival unusual laboratory conditions on a planetary scale.Such peroxides on Mars are most likely formed due to the decay of CO 2 or rarefied water vapor in the atmosphere. Moreover, the disturbance of storms, supported by the anomalous reduction of hematite to the ferrous state (FeO), perhaps accompanied by water from the poles, may also transform mineral iron compounds into non-magnetic greenish ferrous hydroxide or even into the darker iron hydroxide geotite.
The Sands of Mars | Thunderbolts TPOD
According to this theory, Mars has been involved in hundreds of catastrophic close encounters with Earth in historical times. During these encounters, red-hot, molten Mars internally shuddered and ejected immeasurable quantities of vaporized rock, volatiles, dust and debris into space - a natural byproduct of planetary chaos. Vast swaths of vaporized rock (along with tons of other sedimentary materials) fell to Earth, which then condensed from the atmosphere as tiny grains of quartz. In other words, it was real sand rain!Electrochemical origin? Peter "Mungo" Jupp suggested possible scenario transformation or origin and formation of sand in the context of the geology of the Electric Universe:Extraterrestrial Sand| Gary Gilligan
The atomic number of sand (SiO 2) is 30, while the combination of nitrogen (7) x 2 and oxygen (8) x 2 we also get 30! Could an electrical discharge transform oxygen and nitrogen into sand?
The desert in the area of the Lena River basin and its tributary the Vilyuy River has caused many people, at the very least, surprise: where do such volumes of sand come from in this place? Sand is a clear product of erosion, and it is safe to say that it is water erosion. Such a fraction (without large impurities) can be obtained only through water erosion and movement (flaking, precipitation) of masses.
Here's what readers wrote in the comments to the article YAKUT TUKULANS :
l1000 In Belarusian Polesie in the Pripyat River basin there are similar sandy deposits. Moreover, they have a layer of peat layers of varying thickness.
The light areas are sands. It can be seen that these are areas where oil and gas exploration and production of these natural resources is taking place. To do this, remove the top part of the soil, the turf. The sand is exposed. But this has not been done throughout the entire territory. It can be seen that some of the sandy areas are not accessible by any road.
The following views are available:
63° 32" 16.31" N 74° 39" 25.26" E
The river is further south. High sandy shores. Purovsky district, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Opened turf on the site. 63° 38" 31.17" N 74° 34" 57.89" E
Here is the next location of sand outcrops, a little to the north:
Diameter is approximately 1.3 km. Link https://www.google.com/maps/@63.88379,74.31405,2109m/data=!3m1!1e3
Link
Geologists' sites are visible. And everywhere the light color of sand.
The same picture, light-colored sand under a thin layer of tundra vegetation.
We move northeast:
Drilling site. Sand. Link in place
Komsomolskoye deposit. Here the satellite filmed in higher resolution, you can see the details. Link
Do you think this snow is so white? I thought so too. But we move east, to the river:
It can be seen that the water is not frozen, shooting in warm time of the year.
Sand embankment road
Gubinsky village
High sandy river bank near the town
Several photographs of areas where people damaged a thin layer of vegetation in these places:
64° 34" 6.06" N 76° 40" 45.91" E
62° 19" 50.31" N 76° 43" 17.63" E
63° 7" 35.72" N 77° 54" 31.28" E
The conclusion is that the vast expanses of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug- These are swamps, rivers and huge layers of sand under a thin layer of vegetation. Ancient sands
Let's move to the Moscow region:
Lyubertsy sand pits
Lyubertsy sand deposit is located 5 km. south of the Lyubertsy railway station near the town of Dzerzhinsky near Moscow. This is one of the largest deposits of high-quality quartz sands in Russia. The thickness of the overburden rocks is from 0.3 to 22.6 m, usually 5-8 m. The useful thickness is represented by a reservoir deposit with an area of about 30 square meters. km.
Geological information:
Quartz sands of the Moscow region were formed in the coastal zones of ancient seas and are found mainly in deposits of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous. Mainly Upper Jurassic sands of the Lyubertsy and Eganovsky deposits are used. The second largest in the Moscow region is the Chulkovskoye field, located 17-18 km away. south of the city of Lyubertsy. The thickness of the sands at the field reaches 35 m.
If these layers are so ancient, millions of years old, then why is there such a thin layer of black soil and other sediments above them?
In the thickness of the Upper Jurassic quartz sands there are significant interbeds, slabs and pillow-shaped concretions of dense sandstones. Genetically, these are large sheet nodules formed due to the cementation of sand with silica (the cement is predominantly quartz). Some of them are so dense and durable that they correspond rather to the designation “quartzite” than “sandstone”.
Outcrop of quartz sands of the eastern wall of the Dzerzhinsky quarry
Washing sand with a dredger in the near (Dzerzhinsky) quarry of the Lyuberetsky Mining and Processing Plant
Sandstone outcrops in the second, Forest Quarry
Petrified geoconcrete
Can be mistaken for destroyed megaliths or remains
You can see these patterns on stones. Perhaps it was carved when these rocks were still unhardened? Sharp corners and slits indicate this. If so, then it clearly happened in the recent past. And then what to do with all the geochronological data?
Wild sea buckthorn bushes grow picturesquely on the steep slopes and cliffs above the quarry. For some reason, this shrub really likes to grow in quarries. Somehow this was noticed to me in Krasnoyarsk places.
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So what catastrophic events or huge marine epochs in the geochronology of the Earth's past provoked these sand accumulations? Official science talks about ancient seas in these territories. But a thin layer of vegetation in the tundra of the Yamal Autonomous Okrug suggests the opposite. There was no accumulation of humus or inorganic soil above the sand. This indicates the very recent presence of sea water or water streams there. Maybe it was the melting glacier and large flows clean water from it flowed south. And was this glacier also quite recently? Who else thinks?
Sources:
It is no secret to many that the north of ancient Africa in the past was a fairly fertile area. With a large number of rivers, both crossing the current territory of the Sahara Desert and flowing into the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic.
Map 1688 Clickable.
Could medieval cartographers have been wrong when they drew this? Or did they copy everything from one more ancient source?
But whether this unknown North Africa existed in ancient times, or in times closer to us, is not so important for now. Moreover, it is difficult to say when such climate change and accumulation of such amounts of sand occurred. I will dwell on the question of where there is so much sand in the Sahara. And how did it happen, what kind of processes took place, that now this place is a lifeless desert?
Official science says that the Sahara was once the bottom of a huge ancient ocean. Even whale skeletons are found there:
Excavations in Eastern Sahara.
Thirty-seven million years ago, a 15-meter flexible beast with a huge mouth and sharp teeth died and sank to the bottom of the ancient Tethys Ocean.
And the age of the whale was invented and the ancient ocean has a name. If we dwell on this fact in more detail, then I have the following question for the scientific world: in 37 million years, how thick should the soil cover accumulate over the skeleton? Officially, the average soil growth rate is 1-2 mm per year. It turns out that in 37 million years the skeleton must be at a depth of at least 37 km! Even allowing for various erosions, erosion and swelling of rocks, uplifting of the earth's crust - with such an age it is impossible to find skeletons on the surface.
In Egypt there is even the Valley of the Whales, which is included by UNESCO in the list of sites with World Heritage status:
Wadi al-Hitan: Valley of the Whale in Egypt. They write that even the stomach contents of some samples were preserved. This means that not everyone is in a skeletal state, but in a mummified or petrified state. Of course, they won't show this to us.
The remains of other animals found in Wadi al-Hitan - sharks, crocodiles, sawfish, turtles and stingrays
So how could whale skeletons end up on the desert surface? Following this path, the skeletons of dinosaurs are not completely ancient at (at least) 65 million years. Their skeletons are also found on the surface of other deserts, in the Gobi, Atacama (Chile), for example.
Many readers probably already guess about my answer. The whale (or its remains) was brought here by a flood, water from the ocean. Using the source link, you can look at the photo (it’s small, I didn’t post it) of a shell rock, right there in the desert.
Below I want to show some photos of space images from Google Earth:
The territory of the Sahara is not entirely covered with sand. But we are presented with an image of this desert: continuous sands, dunes with rare rocky massifs.
For example, the following plateaus with a rocky desert landscape are often found:
Libya. Link
From above, these places appear to be like this spot-hill, surrounded by sands:
And somewhere there are endless sands and dunes:
But where did it come from? larger territory Sugar so much sand? In addition to the official version of “the bottom of the Tethys ocean”, there are fantastic ones, like V. Kondratov’s version in his films: Fabric of the Universe. Mine And
In his opinion, all this sand is dumps from the processing of underwater ores by giant alien mechanisms and the dumping of soil from their aircraft. I will not defend or refute this version, but will put forward my own, within the framework of one of the topics of this blog - the flood and its manifestations.
First, let's look at some landscapes of the Sahara that few people know about:
Egyptian desert
Do you think it's somewhere in North America? You're wrong, this is the Sahara, landscapes in Mali. 21° 59" 1.68" N 5° 0" 35.15" W
This is Chad. 16° 52" 24.00" N 21° 35" 31.00" E
There are a lot of such remains
Mali. Link
These rock masses are composed of sedimentary rocks. Their tops are flat
This is what this place looks like from above:
These are remnants close to the surface. It can be seen that these are remnants, islands from an ancient surface. What happened to the rest of the territory? And the rest of the soil was carried away by the flood when the wave passed through the continent. All the washed away soil is the sands of the Sahara. Soil, rocks, washed by water erosion of the flow of grains of sand to grains of sand.
IN this place There are these traces of erosion. But they are parallel, as if washed by streams of water. Maybe this is true?
And here, too, there are the same “furrows” going to the northeast (or southwest). Link
Of course, a possible version of their formation is the deposition of erosion products along the wind rose.
But upon closer inspection, it is clear that these grooves in the rock could only be made by water erosion:
Traces of erosion on a rocky hill
This is my conclusion about the origin of the sands of the Sahara Desert.
But in the process of creating this material, another conclusion emerged. It is possible that mud and mudflow masses emerged from the depths during one event. But more about that next time...