Truffle (Latin – Tuber) is a unique edible mushroom, represented by the Truffleaceae genus of the order Peziziales. It has an original appearance and unusual taste. Therefore, many will be able to appreciate it.

Description

Fruit bodies have a round or tuberous shape. They can reach from 2.5 to 10 cm. Their surface is dark in color - they have a blue-black or brownish-black tint. There are often warts on the surface, however, truffles with a smooth surface can also be found.
The truffle pulp is dense. And when the marsupial mushroom reaches maturity, it becomes loose. It may be whitish and, as it ages, take on a yellow-brown hue. The cut has veins that give the mushroom a marbled color. The taste of truffle pulp is sweet, it vaguely resembles a nut. The aroma of the mushroom is pleasant, it is very similar to the smell of algae.

Varieties of truffles

Truffle mushrooms come in the following types:

Summer. It can be found in central Europe and Russia. He is often called the “black Russian”. It is not of great value. Grows in summer and September.

Ginger. This mushroom grows in North America and Europe. It can also be found in Siberia.

White truffle mushroom. It is quite easy to find in the northern regions of Italy, as well as in France. It is also called "Italian". The surface of such a truffle is brown and has a light color. The inside of the mushroom is dense and whitish – it also has a marble pattern. This species is collected in October.

Black truffle mushroom. This mushroom is the most valuable among truffles. It grows in France. Its color is reddish-brown and the flesh is dark. It has a pleasant smell and taste. This truffle grows in winter and is collected from January to March.

Winter truffle. Grows in France and Switzerland. It is also rarely found on the territory of Ukraine. The ripening period of this species is from November to March.

Where does it grow?

Truffle is an underground mushroom. It can often be found at shallow depths. And old truffles may appear on the surface. It grows in deciduous and mixed forests, loves calcareous soil. Truffles are often found under the roots of oaks, birches, hornbeams, and beeches.
This species has become widespread in Central Europe. In Russia it can be found in the Caucasus.

Who helps you look for truffles? The search for such mushrooms is often carried out by specially trained dogs and pigs. Yellow flies often fly over truffle growing areas.

Truffle mushroom can be stored for no more than 2-4 days after collection, which is why you can buy fresh truffles only during the collection period. Such mushrooms cannot be bought in ordinary supermarkets. They can be purchased in special departments and directly from suppliers.
Most often, truffles are purchased in small quantities for restaurants. For longer storage, they can be canned or frozen. Truffles are transported in special containers that are immersed in olive oil.

What is the value of truffles?

It is believed that growing such expensive mushrooms is not so easy, which is why the price of such a product is at high level. The cost of 1 kg of quality truffles is around 400 euros. This delicacy is not available to every person.

Main characteristics

The characteristic features of truffles include:
This trib is a real delicacy.
They have a mushroom taste, mixed with the taste of seeds and nuts. Truffle dipped in water is very similar to soy sauce.
Truffle has a strong, characteristic odor.

Chemical composition

When consuming truffle mushrooms, each person receives:
Vitamins B1, B2, C, PP.
Squirrels.
Carbohydrates.
Pheromones.
Minerals.
Antioxidants.
Alimentary fiber.

Beneficial features

The beneficial properties of truffle mushrooms include the following:
The presence of pheromones that are part of mushrooms. They have an impact on emotional condition person.
This variety has a large amount of antioxidants.
Truffle juice can cure eye disease.
A person suffering from gout will get many benefits by consuming truffles.

Harm

Like other types of mushrooms, truffles can cause harm to the body. This can happen when:
Individual intolerance.
Having digestive problems.

Applications of truffles

Truffles are most widely used in cooking. The following information will be useful for every housewife:
When preparing a truffle dish, one serving should contain from 5 to 8 grams of mushrooms. Weighing is carried out very carefully.
Often truffle is a simple addition to the main dish. The mushroom is cut on a grater.
It goes well with foods that do not have a pronounced taste.
In French cooking, truffles are combined with eggs, poultry, fruit and lobsters.
The mushroom can be served in its pure form. But in order to give it even more flavor, it is worth serving it with wine or cream sauce.
Small truffles are often used as a filling for pies. They are also used to create truffle sauce.
Truffle slices are used to decorate snails, black caviar and other exotic dishes.

Kira Stoletova

The truffle mushroom is one of the rarest and most expensive in the world. It grows underground, at the roots of oak, beech, and hazel. It is collected according to special, characteristic signs or with the help of animals. The mushroom is included in the most delicious dishes and has an unusual taste and aroma. It began to be cultivated the century before last, but since the harvests are small, prices remain high.

Description of the mushroom

Truffle is a mushroom from the Actinomycetes department and the order Paececium, of the Truffleaceae family of the Truffle genus. The fruiting bodies of these amazing mushrooms are almost completely hidden underground; in their “appearance” they resemble potato cones or tubers. No wonder the name in Latin sounds like “terrae tuber”, or “earthen cone”.

The fungus is covered on top by a peridium, an outer covering layer with numerous warts or cracks. In some species it is almost white. The inner flesh looks like marble when cut. It consists of internal and external veins, which have different shades. Sacs containing spores mature in the internal veins. They are lighter than the outside ones. The color of the pulp varies among different species.

According to the species description, the aroma of the truffle mushroom has several notes: the smell of an autumn forest, rotten leaves, humus, ripe fruit, even cocoa and chocolate. The truffle tastes like a nut or roasted sunflower seeds, sometimes has a fruity, coconut or chocolate aftertaste. It is prepared with minimal heat treatment; gourmets advise eating it raw so as not to lose its unique aroma and taste. If you send a truffle for storage, it loses most of its qualities.

The mushroom is used as a seasoning for various dishes. It goes well with poultry, steaks, pasta, and omelettes. It is used to prepare sauces, delicious pates, and fillings. Its calorie content is low. Also known beneficial features mushrooms They contain B vitamins (B1, B2), PP, C and essential amino acids. These mushrooms were once used as an aphrodisiac.

Truffle mushroom cannot be stored for a long time: only 2-3 days in the refrigerator at a temperature of +1...+2°C in a glass jar or tightly closed container. Fresh mushrooms are purchased during the harvest season. At the same time, restaurants serve a special “truffle menu”. Mushrooms are preserved in cognac, wine, and sometimes special oil or paste is made from them. But the taste of these products is completely different.

Where do truffles grow?

Truffle mushrooms grow in forests of deciduous trees, less often mixed trees. Their mycelium settles on the roots, taking from them everything necessary nutrients. Fruiting bodies that grow at the roots of oak are of particular value; less valuable ones settle near beech, birch, hazel, linden, and poplar. Groups of 3-7 pieces are found near one tree, but often they grow alone. The fruiting bodies lie at a depth of 5 cm to 30 cm (on average 20 cm).

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

Indeed, truffle mycelium can give rise to 3-7 fruiting bodies, which are usually arranged in a circle, forming a nest. The fruiting bodies here will be of different sizes.

When these valuable mushrooms ripen, the soil above them rises, which for the truffle collector serves as a clear indicator of the presence of fruiting bodies in a given place. From year to year there is a gradual proliferation and expansion of nests. With skillful collection, i.e. preserving the integrity of the mycelium, in these places - truffles, it is possible to harvest in subsequent years.

It takes 3-4 months for a truffle to fully develop.

The habitat of the species is Western and Central Europe, the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Crimea, and the Mediterranean. A specific white Moroccan truffle grows in North Africa. Its mycelium settles on the roots of coniferous trees - cedar, pine, although it can also envelop the root system of oak.

Types of truffles

There are different types of truffles. About a dozen are considered edible, but in total there are more than a hundred of them. At the same time, a number of inedible and poisonous varieties are classified as other genera. Their lifestyle is similar to a real truffle: they also grow underground.

Piedmontese truffle

The Piedmontese truffle, or Italian white truffle, is the most prized truffle in this family. It grows only in certain areas of Piedmont, in northern Italy. It is found in the hilly region around Turin, in Monferrato, Langhe and Roerot. It grows under oaks, willows, poplars, and less often under linden trees. The growing season is from mid-October to mid-February.

Characteristic:

• The fruiting body is tuber-shaped, with numerous outgrowths and deformations.
• The outer shell is yellow-red or yellow-brown, velvety, and fits tightly to the pulp.
• The inner pulp is light (white or cream), less often has a light pink tint or a marbled pattern.
• The size of the fruiting body is 2-12 cm.
• The average weight is 300 g, individual specimens can reach up to 1-1.3 kg.
• The aroma is similar to cheese with garlic, with pronounced musky and earthy notes.

Sometimes this type is called the “Tuscan gold truffle”, its price is the same as what it would be for a gold bar of the same weight. Mushrooms are sold at special truffle auctions, which have been held since 1930. You can taste fresh white truffles in October-January; the most delicious specimens are collected in November and December. At other times of the year, there are only canned ones; they taste much worse.

The cost of white truffle is high, on average 3000-4000 € per 1 kg, sometimes more. The most expensive and largest specimen weighing 1.5 kg was sold for $330,000 US per piece. At auctions, Piedmontese truffles are sold one at a time. The product is wrapped in paper napkins and displayed from smallest to largest.

Each mushroom has its own pedigree, which indicates the time of collection, the tree under which it was found, the name and breed of the dog. Market traders do the same.

Black Perigord truffle

Périgord, or French black truffle, is the second most valuable after white. It is widespread in France (the most productive places are in the southwest of the country), Spain, and Central Italy. This species has now begun to be grown artificially; it was brought to America, Australia, South Africa. Truffle mycelium feels good under oak, less often under others deciduous trees. Mushrooms ripen from November to March. The best period to collect this winter truffle is January and February.

Description of the mushroom:

• The shape of the fruiting body is rounded or slightly elongated.
• The upper layer (peridium) is brown-red, becomes black with age, and is covered with tetrahedral or hexagonal warts.
• The pulp is first gray or red-brown, then turns into black-violet; a marble pattern is clearly visible on the cut.
• Size – about 9 cm in diameter.
• Average weight – 400 g.
• The aroma is nutty, with faint notes of nutmeg and chocolate, the taste is spicy, with a hint of bitterness.

The mycelium of this species is aggressive, it destroys competing plants, so it is easier to find the mushroom underground than others. This can be done along islands of bare soil in those places where truffles are located. It used to be widely cultivated in France, but now harvests there have declined, but it has begun to be grown in China, Australia and other countries.

Black winter truffle

Black winter truffle grows in France, Italy, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Prefers moist soils. The mycelium loves the roots of linden and hazel; this variety is also found under birch and beech trees. Main features:

• The shape is round, sometimes irregularly spherical.
• The upper skin (peridium) changes color with age from red-brown to black, and is covered with small warts.
• The young flesh is white, then acquires a black-violet tone with brown and yellow veins.
• Diameter – 8-12 cm.
• The weight is sometimes 1-1.5 kg.
• The smell is rich, musky.

This variety is harvested from November to February.

Black summer truffle

Russian truffle is the second name for the black summer truffle, found in Scandinavia, Central Europe, and also in Russia. It grows under oak, beech, hornbeam, and rarely under birch or pine trees. Russian truffles ripen from late July to early November.

Main characteristics:

• Round shape of the fruiting body.
• The outer layer is blue-black and warty.
• The pulp is dense at first, then becomes loose and streaked.
• The color of this truffle varies from white-yellow to brown-gray.
• Diameter – 2.5-10 cm.
• Average weight - about 400 g.
• The taste has a pronounced nutty hue with a hint of algae.

The peculiarity of this species is its shallow location underground, sometimes the fruiting bodies even come to the surface. These are the only black truffles in Russia.

Black autumn truffle

Autumn or Burgundy truffle is valued lower than its other French and Italian counterparts. It grows in the north-east of France, sometimes in Italy, rarely in England.

What does this mushroom look like:

• The shape is correct, round.
• The outer shell is covered with black tubercles.
• The pulp is dense, brown, with pronounced white veins on the cut, and never becomes loose.
• The taste and aroma are reminiscent of hazelnuts with pronounced chocolate notes.

Truffles of this variety are collected from late July to November.

White Oregon truffle

These mushrooms can only be found in the western part of the United States. They are small, only 2.5-5 cm in diameter, weigh about 250 g. Their feature is their shallow location in the soil. Mushrooms are often found directly under the layer of pine needles. Their taste is characterized by a pronounced herbal and fruity accent.

Himalayan or Chinese truffle

The species was first found in India at the end of the nineteenth century, and then it was found in the Himalayas. Nowadays, varieties of Chinese truffle are grown artificially and exported throughout the world. Their prices are lower, because mushrooms are significantly inferior in taste to their French and Italian counterparts.

This type of truffle looks like a small cone or potato with a dark, uneven skin dotted with cracks. The center is gray-brown, with beige or yellowish veins, hard, smells weak, tastes lean. It is considered a type of black winter truffle.

African truffle

The African truffle mushroom, or steppe, is found in the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Middle East, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. The mycelium forms mycorrhiza not with trees, but with herbs: sunflowers and cistus.

Characteristics of the mushroom:

• The shape is round and elongated.
• The cover is brown or brown-yellow, smooth.
• The pulp is mealy, loose, white with brown or yellow veins.
• The diameter of the fruiting body is about 5 cm.
• Mushroom aroma.

This type of truffle is not considered too valuable. It is sought out and eaten by local residents of the coastal regions of North Africa, and is also collected in Italy and France.

Red glitter truffle

The red shiny truffle is found in all European countries, in deciduous and mixed forests. The mycelium enters into symbiosis with both foliage and coniferous trees. Collection time is from May to August. The sizes are small, 1-5 cm, weight - up to 50 g. The surface is brown-yellow, the flesh is pink-tinged, soft. The taste and aroma have shades of red wine, pear and coconut.

This species is considered a relative of the red truffle.

Red truffle

Red truffle is a common European species, characterized by a red hue on the top layer. The flesh is yellow-brown, with a typical marbled pattern. The sizes are small, weight - up to 80 g. The taste is sweetish, “meaty”, with a grassy-coconut tint.

Red truffle has low culinary value.

White March truffle

The white March truffle grows in southern Europe, including the Crimean region. The surface is light brown when young, darkening over time to a reddish-brown hue. The pulp is dense, with a pronounced mushroom aroma and garlic notes in young specimens. In old mushrooms, the smell becomes unpleasant and repulsive.

The fruiting bodies are found under deciduous and coniferous trees and ripen from December to April. The species can be cultivated, but its cost is low.

There are several other types of edible truffles that are not of commercial interest: Durand, variegated, hairy, ocher. The mottled white truffle is used to make oil and is not eaten.

There are several types of mushrooms that do not represent the Truffle genus, but are very similar in appearance. Among them there are edible, conditionally edible and even poisonous.

Most of these species are not specifically collected. They become accidental finds when animals rake through the layer of litter under trees. They are often eaten by wild boars and squirrels.

The psilocybin species is also known to have hallucinogenic properties, after consuming which a person has bizarre dreams.

How are truffles collected?

Collecting truffles is difficult. Fruiting bodies always form near the roots, so you need to look for them under trees. The black Périgord variety displaces all plants, which is why in the place where it grows there is always a bare patch of land. Species that grow closer to the surface can displace the soil - small mounds are visible near the trees.

• Hunting for flies: Mushroom pickers focus on specific flies that lay larvae in the fruiting bodies of truffles. They fly in small clouds near the trees where mushrooms grow.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

Indeed, this exotic way for our people to search for truffle mushrooms has long been used by residents of the French provinces of Périgord and Vaucluse. Local residents have long noticed that certain types of flies (the so-called “truffle flies”) lay eggs in the soil near truffles. Their larvae use the fruiting bodies of these fungi for food. Having noticed flying insects, people determine the location of truffles.

• Tapping the ground: Another way to look for truffles when picking. A void is formed around the fruiting body, the soil is loosened, so the sound will be louder than above a continuous layer of earth. This method requires considerable experience and keen hearing.
• Collection using animals: Animals help collect mushrooms; this is the most popular way. In northern Italy, specially trained dogs are used for this. They sniff the ground and dig it in the place where the truffles grow. Training requires experience and patience, good search dogs cost about 5000 €. Italian mushroom pickers prefer dark-colored dogs that do not bark. They go out to gather at night to distract competitors: a dark animal is not so noticeable in the forest. Also, at night, odors become stronger, which increases the chances of a successful hunt.

By the way. Good looking for truffle domestic pig. These animals love mushrooms, even in the wild they pull them out from under the roots to eat them. The boar can smell the smell from 200-300 m away. With this method of collection, the main thing is to pull the pig away from the tree in time: if it digs up a truffle, it will certainly eat it.

Growing truffles at home

Growing truffles at home - profitable business, but it requires a lot of investment and an appropriate level of patience. Harvests begin to be obtained only 5-10 years after the establishment of the grove. Cultivation first began in France in the first half of the 19th century. By the end of the century, thousands of hectares were planted in this country with oak groves containing truffles. France annually supplied about 1000 tons of mushrooms to world markets.

During the First World War, most of the forests were destroyed because... There were intense battles in those places. The poor environmental situation also seriously affects productivity. Currently, only 50 tons of truffles are grown in France per year.

Australian, Chinese, Japanese, and American farmers have learned to cultivate this tasty and original mushroom.

However, you should not expect that artificial cultivation of truffles will bring the main income to the owner of the grove. Productivity is unstable, the first fruiting bodies have to wait about 5 years, the main products are obtained between 10 and 20 years of cultivation. Then its quantity gradually begins to fall.

Growing technology

Australian cultivation technology is considered the most productive. Already a year after planting, the first fruits are harvested, and after 5 years they receive up to 20 kg of produce per hectare. Primary requirements:

• The climate should be moderate and humid.
• Soil pH - 7.4-7.9.
• The roots of oak or hazel are suitable for infection with mycelium.

The soil should be dug well; it should contain useful minerals. The soil is fertilized 6-8 months before planting. Carefully remove all weeds (down to the last root). Herbicides and pest control agents are not applied: they will damage the mycelium. The only suitable drug is ammonium glufosinate (a contact non-selective herbicide).

To grow truffles yourself, small tree seedlings are infected with mycelium. First, they are kept in quarantine under sterile conditions for several weeks. Immediately after applying the truffle mycelium, the seedlings are planted in a nursery or greenhouse. On open ground they are transferred after a couple of months, when the height of the tree reaches at least 20 cm. good time for planting - spring, when there is no threat of frost on the ground surface.

Planting depth is 75 cm. The area for one tree is 4x5 m. It is possible to grow up to 500 seedlings per hectare. Around the tree, mulch from fallen leaves and forest litter is laid out in a circle (diameter - 40 cm). The main benefit of mulch is the creation of optimal conditions for the growth of mycelium. Attention! A truffle farm should not be adjacent to willows, poplars, chestnuts, and fir trees.

Truffle mushroom is capricious, so growing it requires patience. It is necessary to constantly check the composition and acidity of the soil to prevent the appearance of weeds. The plantation is fenced to keep small rodents and other animals out. The most realistic way is to grow black truffles.

Searching for truffles as a business idea or additional income

Russian truffle - search with mycologist Vishnevsky, www.grib.tv

Truffles: why so much money?

Conclusion

Truffles are the most expensive mushrooms in the world. They are capricious, so the annual harvest is small. Plus, they grow underground, making them difficult to find, which also affects the cost. It is possible to grow these mushrooms yourself, but waiting for the first harvest may take at least about 5 years.

Not everyone can say what a truffle is. A common comparison is a bittersweet cone-shaped candy. However, truffle is not only sweetness. This is a mushroom about which it is customary to say that once you try it at least once, it will be impossible to forget the taste. There are many legends around the truffle - about the taste, about the fact that only a select few can find it, and about much more. Whether this is so - we will find out further.

Where do truffles grow in Russia?

In general, truffles prefer countries with a warm temperate climate. Portugal, Spain, Italy, and Germany are considered ideal places for mushrooms to grow. However, you can find this truly priceless mushroom (and we will find out why it is such a little later) in Russia. Truffle places are the Moscow, Vladimir, Tula, Oryol, and Smolensk regions. Truffle also grows in the Middle Volga region. The question is different. The mushroom is very difficult to find, so residents of a particular area often simply do not know what wealth can be found on their lands.

Mushroom pickers don’t know what time it is necessary to collect ripe truffles, and only professionals can tell you how. Take, for example, the white truffle. Only true truffle “hunters” know where this species grows in Russia. So, first things first.

What is a truffle?

First, let’s find out what kind of mushroom this is. The truffle is considered a gourmet find, representing the most expensive mushroom in the world. Its size can be up to 15 centimeters, weight varies from 100 to 500 grams. Truffle grows in the ground, at a relatively shallow depth - 15-20 centimeters. But the appearance of beginners can scare away. Externally, the truffle is very similar to Jerusalem artichoke, forming a complex rhizome of an unsightly appearance with a light brown peel and soft interior. This type of mushroom is distinguished by its bright aroma, as well as a meaty taste, which does not even remotely resemble the taste of a mushroom. Truffles come in two types - black and white. The latter are large, they choose the above growing areas. Where in Russia does the summer truffle (aka black) grow?

Black truffles can be found both in the Caucasus and on the Black Sea coast.

Reproduction methods

Truffles reproduce in a way that is not quite usual for mushrooms. In common species, this process occurs with the help of parts of the mycelium (seeds), spores, or during the formation of secondary mycelium. Spores of simple mushrooms are carried by wind or water. With truffles it's different. The only way they can reproduce is with the help of animals. Since the mushroom seeds are underground, neither wind nor water will be able to get them, much less transport them somewhere. The seeds are spread across the ground by animals, which dig them up and eat them, leaving behind pieces of the fungus from which a new one is then formed. So, we found out how these mushrooms reproduce and where truffles grow in Russia. Go ahead.

Which forests love truffles?

No matter how strange it may sound, truffle is a rather capricious mushroom. It is friends with only a few types of trees, so looking for them in other forest belts is simply pointless. So, where does truffle (mushroom) grow in Russia? He chooses an area near the very roots of the tree. There it is convenient and comfortable - there is always a lot of moisture, which allows the fungus to fully develop. Hornbeams and beeches are especially fond of truffles. They can also be found in birch rhizomes or unearthed from hazel trees. But my favorite tree is oak. Oak groves are where truffles grow in Russia (the photo below was taken during the truffle season).

There is another undeniable plus in this - both simple pigs and wild boars feed on acorns. It is their aroma that attracts animals to the location of the truffle, and then it’s a matter of little things. Mushroom is a favorite delicacy of these animals. Its aroma is much stronger than the smell of acorns. The boars smell it and dig it up, thereby giving it a chance to reproduce further.

Methods of extraction and cultivation

So, let's dwell on the methods of obtaining this mushroom. We remember where truffles grow in Russia. How they reproduce is the same. But now we’ll find out how to get them. To search for this expensive mushroom, specially trained pigs or dogs are used.

The smell of truffles is strong especially at night, which is why the “hunt” for them is carried out precisely in the dark. You can also find them by the swarm of midges that certainly hover over their location, enjoying the aromas of mushrooms. You must dig up the truffle very carefully, trying not to damage both the mushroom itself and the roots of the tree in which it grows. And now to the main thing - where do truffles grow in Russia at home? The answer is simple: nowhere. Trial cultivation processes are underway in our country. The fact is that they are very complex - the ground is covered with acorns that have fallen off at the site where the fungus grows. Soil suitable for growing oak is prepared and mixed with the soil where the truffles grew. The collected acorns are planted there, and only after 6 years can the first harvest be obtained. Today, taking into account all the subtleties, it is easier to buy a truffle in Russia than to grow it.

Truffle (Tuber) is a representative of marsupial fungi, since the spores mature in special single-cell bags - asci. This is a very rare and expensive representative of the mushroom kingdom.

Summer truffle (black)

Features of the mushroom

Truffles are unusual, primarily because the fruiting bodies are formed not on the ground, but inside it. Round or tuberous mushrooms have a fleshy and cartilaginous consistency. Their feature is a marble pattern - alternating light and dark stains on the section. The light veins are called internal veins, and the dark ones are called external veins. Spore bags are formed on the internal veins and are also distributed by nests in the fruiting body. Mushrooms grow to different sizes. They can be as large as Walnut or potato tuber.

Young mushrooms have a smooth whitish skin, which turns yellow and becomes light brown over time. The surface is covered with various folds, cracks and hard “warts”. The yellow-whitish dry pulp with numerous brownish veins-convolutions turns brown when heated and acquires a chocolate hue.

Truffle is an edible mushroom of the first category with the best consumer and culinary qualities. They are most often used fresh to prepare aromatic soups, sauces and gravies.

Nutritional value

Caloric content of 100 g of product is 24 kcal.

Chemical composition truffles:

• proteins - 3 g;
• carbohydrates - 2 g;
• fats - 0.5 g;
• dietary fiber - 1 g;
• water - 90 g.

It also contains vitamins PP, C and B2, a small amount of B1, but there are practically no macro- and microelements in the composition.

Where do truffles grow and how to collect them?

Truffles are not easy to find in the forest; they hide well underground. Summer mushrooms are harvested in summer and autumn, peaking in August - September. They go for winter species in February and search for them until March.

The mushroom grows in deciduous and mixed European forests, less often in coniferous ones, as well as on the African continent (in its northern part), Asia and America. It needs moderately moist clay-calcareous soils with poorly developed grass cover, on which it forms mycorrhizae with the roots of different tree species. Usually truffles grow in small groups of 7 pieces.

Experienced truffle “hunters” notice hidden mushrooms by insignificant external signs- This is raised soil and dried grass. In France, it is customary to look for them using truffle flies, which lay larvae in the ground near this mushroom. The flight of these insects, their large cluster indicates the nearby location of truffles.

But not everyone is such a “tracker”, therefore, to search for the delicacy, trained animals have been used since ancient times, which are able to smell the peculiar smell of truffles 20 meters away. Sows are best at finding mushrooms, however, they get tired very quickly and the “quiet” hunt ends before begin. In Italy, dogs are used for searches; poodles and mongrels have become the best search engines. Interestingly, trained bears searched for truffles near Moscow until the 1869s.

Varieties of truffle

There are a huge variety of mushrooms, here are the most common:

• Italian truffle(Tuber magnatum), real or “Piedmontese” - its habitat is Piedmont (region of Italy). It grows near birches, lindens, and elms. This is the most expensive mushroom in the world. It is valued for its pleasant taste and cheese-garlic aroma.
• French black(Tuber melanosporum), “Périgordian” is found in groves where hornbeams, beeches and oaks grow. It is considered the second most valuable, second only to Italian. A red-brown or brown-black truffle with an angular-round shape is covered with large warts and small depressions. The pulp is reddish in color and later turns purple. Its distinctive feature is the many white and black veins with a red border on the cut of the mushroom. The mushroom has a bitter taste with a strong aroma.
• Black truffle "Burgundy"(Tuber uncinatum) is a variety of French black with a nutty aroma and chocolate flavor that grows throughout Europe.
• Summer truffle(Tuber aestivum), “black Russian” is recognized by its nutty taste and sweetish aroma of algae. It can be found on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, in the deciduous forests of the Scandinavian countries, Central Europe, Ukraine, and in some areas of Central Asia. It ripens in the summer months.
• Winter truffle(Tuber brumale) ripens in November - February. Hiding in the ground, it is not damaged by frost, but if somehow the mushroom ends up on the surface, it freezes and loses all its taste qualities. This happens even with the slightest frost. It grows in Switzerland, Italy and France, in the mountains of Crimea. The young mushroom has a reddish-purple color, the mature mushroom becomes almost black and is overgrown with many small warts. The ash-gray flesh has white veins and a musky aroma.
• African truffle(Terfezia leonis) grows exclusively in North Africa and in certain areas of the Middle East. The whitish-yellow mushrooms have a round shape. The pulp is light, mealy, with white veins and numerous dark spots. When ripe it becomes moist.

Italian truffle mushroom

French black truffle mushroom

Black truffle mushroom "Burgundy"

Summer truffle mushroom

Winter truffle mushroom

African truffle

Benefits of mushroom

Harm of truffles

The mushroom does not harm human health. There can only be one contraindication - intolerance to the product. You should also pay attention to where it is collected. Any mushroom absorbs from environment not only useful, but also toxic substances, and accumulate toxins.

Growing at home

Difficulties in finding truffles forced experts to raise the issue of their artificial cultivation. For several centuries all attempts were unsuccessful, but in early XIX It has been cultivated for centuries. However, only “black” species grow in an unnatural environment; “white” truffles are not cultivated.

The main condition is a favorable climate. It should be moderate, warm, without sudden changes in temperature. Regions with hot summers and frosty winter are not suitable for this purpose. It is better to buy seed material in a specialized store, but they are not cheap. Typically, spores are inoculated onto the roots of hazel or oak seedlings.

You can try growing mycorrhiza yourself. Beech or oak sawdust is infected with mycelium and placed in a warm, sterile place until mycorrhiza forms, but this will not happen. before a year.

Select a place for planting trees - protected from wind, direct sun rays, no other shrubs, trees, or flowers should grow on its territory. The truffle especially does not tolerate spruce, chestnuts and poplars near it. The place is protected from animal invasion. Truffle loves alkaline soil; if it is acidic, then add lime. It should also be rich in humus, calcium and saturated with air.

Seedlings are planted in the spring. The soil is not fertilized beforehand so that the mycelium does not die. It is cleared of weeds and stones, holes are dug 75 cm deep and watered. Then the seedlings are planted, covered with soil and watered again. At a distance of 40 cm from each seedling, the ground is mulched with last year's oak leaves. The temperature should be around +20 °C…+22 °C.

It is recommended to fertilize with potassium and nitrogen fertilizers. They are added not to the place where the mushrooms are planted, but to the ground near the roots of the tree where they grow. Be sure to mulch them in the winter to protect them from frost. In the spring they are fed with mineral fertilizers rich in boron, copper, zinc, calcium and iron.

The timing of harvest depends on the type of mushroom planted. They hide at a depth of 20 cm from the surface. If the mushrooms rot or lose their nutritional value, then perhaps they are located close to the surface. In this case, it is recommended to sprinkle the surface with clean, dry sand. Truffles are dug out with a small spatula. Mushrooms grow not only near the roots of trees, but are also found between them.

Growing a truffle in a greenhouse or basement is an expensive endeavor. To create optimal conditions, they install a system of air humidification, heating, ventilation, and purchase special soil and means for additional disinfection. Such expenses will pay off if truffle cultivation becomes your business.

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Truffle is expensive. The word itself is synonymous with wealth. You can collect such mushrooms only during the short mushroom season.

White and black truffles also grow in Russia. Let's see where these mushrooms are collected.

Features of collecting truffles

These mushrooms have a short fruiting season. Thus, black truffles are suitable for harvesting only for several months - from November to March. For white varieties of these mushrooms, the collection period is even shorter - from late autumn (approximately the end of October) to the beginning of winter.

Collecting truffles is difficult. You need to be extremely careful when collecting mushrooms. And in order to find the mushroom, they use dogs trained for this. It is impossible to obtain such mushrooms in any other way.

Where do black truffles grow?

The black summer truffle grows in Russia on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The mushroom is also found in the European part of Russia. Some mushroom pickers found such a truffle in the Moscow region.

The best conditions for its growth are calcareous soil. The fruit body of the black truffle reaches ten centimeters in size and is located in the ground at a depth of up to 15 centimeters.

The black winter truffle is also common in European Russia, has a warty surface and a less pronounced musky aroma.

Where do white truffles grow?

Common places of growth are sunlit meadows, oak forest edges, birch groves and copses, aspen forests, fresh growths of alder and hazel.

The white truffle grows in the Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Oryol, Samara and Smolensk regions. Areas where white truffle grows have been noted in the Moscow and Leningrad regions.

The white truffle is a rare mushroom and its harvesting time is shorter. Therefore, such a find is considered extremely successful.

How to find a truffle yourself

Without preparation and without knowing the growth characteristics of such mushrooms, it is difficult to detect them. Here are recommendations to make finding the mushroom easier:

if you come across ash-colored soil, then most likely there are truffles here;
mushrooms grow in families;
the truffle grows underground, so it is difficult to detect;
The location of the fungus can be determined by the accumulation of midges and damage to the ground by animals;
Finding the mushroom is easier with the help of trained dogs.

The mushroom is also grown at home - it is a very profitable business.

Where does the truffle mushroom grow in Russia?

The truffle is considered a gourmet delicacy and the most expensive mushroom in the world. The fruiting bodies of truffles are located deep underground and are characterized by a round or tuberous shape. Fungi form mycorrhizae with tree roots. Truffles have more than a hundred varieties. Conventionally, they can be divided into black, which are more common, and white, which is rarer and therefore more valuable.

They grow in countries with warm temperate climates. Their production is widespread in France, Germany, Spain, Italy, and Portugal. The most valuable and expensive are black truffles, which are mined in Périgord in France, and white ones, growing in Piedmont and Umbria in Italy. Many people are interested in the question: where does the truffle mushroom grow in Russia?

Where does white truffle grow in Russia?

This type of truffle is rarely found, so it is very valuable. In Russia, it grows in the middle Volga region, Vladimir, Moscow, Smolensk, Tula, and Oryol regions. White truffles grow from late autumn to early winter.

The size of the mushroom is up to 15 cm, weight - up to 500 g, in the soil it is found at a shallow depth - up to 15 cm. Externally, the white truffle is similar to Jerusalem artichoke, it has a brown peel and light flesh. Truffles are characterized by a more meaty than mushroom flavor and a pronounced aroma.

Where does black truffle grow in Russia?

Black truffle, which can be found in Russia, is called summer truffle. Where does the summer truffle grow in Russia? Its location can be called the Caucasus on the Black Sea coast. It prefers calcareous soils to grow. Its size reaches 10 cm, it grows in the ground at a depth of 10-15 cm. This type of truffle is collected in late summer - early autumn.

In which forests do truffles grow in Russia?

The truffle mushroom prefers to grow near the roots of such trees: oak, birch, hornbeam, beech, and walnut. Accordingly, they can be collected in forests where these types of trees are found. The greatest probability is that the truffle mushroom grows in Russia in oak forests.

Reproduction of truffles in nature

In nature, truffles reproduce differently from other mushrooms, whose spores are carried by wind or water. The only way The spread of truffle seeds (mycelium) occurs with the help of animals. Because the seeds are deep underground, animals carry them when they search for mushrooms.

Methods for collecting truffles

To search for truffles, specially trained animals are used - pigs or dogs. This is considered a real hunt, which takes place at night, as the smell of truffles is better heard at night. You can try to find mushrooms, focusing on the numerous swarms of midges above the ground. If one truffle is found, then next to it there are 5-6 more mushrooms. Harvesting truffles is a very complex process. They must be dug up and collected very carefully, trying not to damage both the mushrooms themselves and the roots of the tree near which they grow.

Truffle cultivation

Growing truffles on artificially created plantations – a very labor-intensive process that takes a large number of time. First, acorns are collected from under the oak trees next to which truffles grew. Then special soil is prepared: soil suitable for growing oak is mixed with soil taken from places where mushrooms grew. Then the prepared acorns are planted in this soil. Thus, young trees grow in soil containing truffle spores.

The first harvest is obtained after 6 years. Mushroom harvests can be harvested for 25-30 years. They will amount to 15 kg of truffles per hectare of land.

Truffle growing technologies are not common in Russia; this process is typical for other countries.

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Truffle is the most expensive mushroom in the world.

The plant is especially valued among gourmets. Finding the plant is quite difficult and you won’t be able to find it like an ordinary mushroom, because they germinate in the middle of the earth at a depth of about 15 cm. There are different types of truffles, but a couple of main types can be distinguished: white and black. The rarest are white truffles because they are found less frequently. In general, this plant loves warm areas where temperate climate, but many people are interested in where truffles grow in Russia.

Growing in Russia

The white truffle is quite rare, and its ripening period occurs in autumn and lasts until the beginning of winter. As a rule, they grow in the central part of Russia, as well as in the Volga region.

The mushrooms themselves small sizes and are about 15 cm, weighing up to 500 grams. They grow in the ground at a depth of 10-15 cm. Also white look can be found in Oryol, Vladimir, Samara and some other regions of Russia. The mushroom was often found in the Leningrad region.

As for the black truffle, it is popularly called summer truffle. IN Russian Federation it can be seen and found in the Caucasus or on the shores of the Black Sea. The mushroom is often found in the Moscow region. This species prefers to grow in deciduous forests, but can also be found in mixed forests. They prefer soil that contains lime. They also grow in the ground at a depth of 15 cm. The mushroom is small in size and no more than 10 cm. They prefer to grow near the root system of beech, oak and hornbeam trees. The period of growth and maturation begins in late summer and lasts until autumn.

Search for mushrooms

To search, a mushroom picker will need to know some features and be ready to collect. Truffles prefer to germinate near the roots of different types of trees. In Russia, the maximum probability that there will be a truffle in the ground is if the search for it takes place near oak roots. It should also be noted that in a young forest it will be difficult to find such a product, and if you try to find it in a clearing, there will be no results at all.

The soil for the plant should be black soil and with high humidity. If you do not have some knowledge and preparation, then collection will be almost impossible. To do this you should:

1. Look at the plant live or at least in a photo, this will allow you to evaluate its visual characteristics.
2. Prepare the animals. Trained dogs or pigs are used to collect truffles.

After specified points collection should be carried out using the following technology:

1. You need to go to the forest where there are oaks, beeches, birches and other trees that mushrooms love.
2. The search is carried out near big trees with large roots.
3. To facilitate the search, animals are used, and it is better for pigs to wear a muzzle. Otherwise, the animal will eat the mushrooms itself if it finds them.
4. You should remember the type of plant. It has a rough top that has a hard texture. Visually resembles a potato tuber. Color ranges from black to white.
5. As a rule, in the ground where there are mushrooms, there will be a small bump at the top, which you should pay attention to when searching. If there are a lot of insects near the tubercle, then most likely there is a truffle in the soil. It is truffle midges that indicate the growth of fungi in the soil.

Midge larvae eat truffles, and therefore prefer to lay their eggs near plants. If there is a swarm of such insects, then you can be sure that the product is nearby. It is rare, but it happens that the mushroom is visible on the surface of the earth. As a rule, they can appear at the top after strong winds and rains.

A good place for the growth of the fungus is not only the root system of trees, but also soil with loose or sandy soil, especially if it contains a large amount of lime. If the search is successful and one mushroom is found, then about 5 more should grow nearby. They all grow up in small families and practically never meet alone.

Truffle cultivation

Where the truffle mushroom grows and how is already clear, but you can also grow them yourself at home. In order to start growing mushrooms, you need to remember that you will need to create a certain microclimate, otherwise there will be no result. If it is quite hot in the summer and cold in the winter, then it is better not to even engage in this matter and not waste time and effort. Mushrooms do not like temperature changes. If the climate is created as necessary, then it is possible to purchase young trees, namely oak or walnut, which already have truffle spores.

The cost of one seedling with spores will cost about 10-15 dollars. After purchasing, you should choose a place to plant the seedling. Animals should not enter the place of germination, and the tree should be protected from bright sunlight and winds. In addition, no other plant species should grow nearby. In other words, the soil, location and conditions must be the best for growing truffles. But choosing a location is not the only main point.

Soil is an equally important factor for the successful germination of truffles. Only alkaline soil should be used for plants. If she is not like that, then she should be fed and fertilized with lime. It is prohibited to apply fertilizers immediately before planting trees. Otherwise, the spores may die. When the soil is cultivated and prepared, seedlings should be planted.

The ideal time for planting seedlings is spring. During this period, the weather for plants is favorable and quite stable. The tree is planted in a small hole, approximately 75 cm in size, water should be poured into it and only then the seedling should be lowered.

The main thing is not to damage the root system during planting. After planting, the hole is filled up and filled with plenty of water. Mulch with a radius of about 30-40 cm is poured around the tree. Oak leaves collected from the forest last year are perfect for this.

After planting, the seedling is covered with greenhouse film. Various products are used as fertilizers and fertilizers, which are available in stores. Methods for using fertilizers can be found on the packaging or from experienced mushroom pickers who grow truffles at home.

Truffle Facts

The truffle has Interesting Facts, which include:

1. Scientists have proven that the ripened plant contains anandamide. This element has an effect on the human nervous system and the effect is similar to marijuana.
2. It is better to collect the mushroom at night, since in a cool environment the aroma of the plant becomes stronger and animals search more efficiently.
3. Previously, collection was carried out only with the help of pigs, but since they spoil the topsoil of the earth and can eat a valuable product, they began to use dogs to search.
4. Even before 1917, in Russia the search for mushrooms was carried out with the help of bears whose teeth were removed.
5. Truffles are aphrodisiacs with a strong effect.

In general, the composition of the product is very rich in useful elements and vitamins. Its juice can cure some diseases associated with the eyes, and its pulp can alleviate gout. The product has no contraindications, and the main feature of truffle is its freshness. Only a fresh product will truly be highly valued.

Fishing forum > Mushroom pickers, fishermen and hunters and other hobbies > Mushroom pickers club > How to encounter a truffle without a dog and a pig?

View full version: How to face a truffle without a dog and a pig?

I live in the Krasnodar region. I read on the Internet that on the Black Sea coast, in the forests, you can find truffles. But the question is - how? Maybe someone understands, tell me. I will look for)))

19.10.2011, 02:30

I am also interested in this topic. They write that before the revolution in our forests near Moscow, peasants collected truffles for export. And now everyone has long forgotten about this. There is little information on the Internet, but two or three people write that they collect them in the forests near Moscow, even photos posted...

19.10.2011, 06:01

Album in the group
Truffles
The comments include:
*************youtube.com/watch?v=7S66INnSXW4
And
*************youtube.com/watch?v=keGmFS__Fu0&feature=channel

Natalya Omekhi

21.10.2011, 03:47

Last year we found black truffles in the forest near Kharkov, but by accident. When we were collecting saffron milk caps, we dug for truffles. They sit underground, so it's quite difficult to "collide" with them.

Today my wife and I were in the forest. We have difficult conditions for mushrooms and it only rained every day a week ago, but the soil under the foliage is still *dry, like in summer. The honey mushrooms are already leaving, we will wait for the rows. And truffles are still unavailable. Looking further

Seraphim

04.12.2011, 03:17

Book by Irina Filippova *"Truffle - the idea of ​​​​Russian business" * (unfortunately, * I gave it to read - and they read it), * very interesting - what type of truffles grow in the Moscow region and near Pieter, how to collect, how to train a dog.. And how not to confuse with deer truffle...

Seraphim

04.12.2011, 03:17

As for the title of the *book, I *think* I got something mixed up...

04.12.2011, 06:06

Actually, Truffle is a word of German origin (from the German Truffel), and it is translated into German from Latin *Tuber - the name of a genus of mushrooms. *
These are black truffles; for example, Black Truffle – Tuber melanosporum, Summer Truffle – Tuber aestivum.
And then Truffles are also called mushrooms with fruiting bodies similar (to the Truffle itself): representatives of the genus Choiromyces, the genus Elaphomyces, the genus Terfezia...
I. Filippova’s book is called “Russian Truffle: The Idea of ​​Your Own Business.” I did not read. Judging by the cover, we are talking about White Truffle. Only, I only saw a preview of the cover, so I won’t say about the White Truffle – Choiromyces meandriformis – in general, or about the Choiromyces veined (white truffle) – Choiromyces venosus.
Choiromyces meandriformis was described at the GKO:
Description of Choiromyces venosus on the Internet:
*************xn--d1ab2aafs.xn--p1ai/red_book2/176_Tr_bel.htm
—
And the Elaphomyces granulatus is called the Granular Deer Truffle (or Deer Puffball).

It can only be confused (in my opinion) with some species within the Elaphomyces genus itself, but not with the white truffle.
The species is described on the State Defense Committee:
********mycoweb.narod.ru/fungi/Elaphomyces_granulatus.html

Seraphim

04.12.2011, 19:08

My admiration!!! *Comprehensive answer. Are you a mycologist? Very interesting. *What do you think *can black truffle grow in Georgia? I'm confused by the photo of *black truffles *above))) that they are real - yes.. but - Italian, most likely))

05.12.2011, 08:14

Irina, I’m not a mycologist, but I’m glad (ch) *what to answer the question (F) (D) (D) *it worked :)
Photos of Black Truffle, added to the group's album by Tatyana Bekasova, from the Internet. First photo -
********dg29.odnoklassniki.ru/getImage?photoId=178103223295&photoType=0
– from the Bulgarian “truffle” site *****kipro-bg.com *
The second is a photo of Yuri Grigorievich Semenov - an image from the Mushrooms website of the Kaluga region; original photo address:
********mycoweb.narod.ru/fungi/FullGallery.html?Tuber_
My opinion - in both cases Tuber aestivum is represented - Black Summer Truffle. Briefly described here
*************ecosystema.ru/08nature/fungi/033.htm
More details on ACADEMIC (excerpt):
“...Summer truffle (Tuber aestivum) has rather large fruiting bodies, reaching the size of a chicken egg, and irregularly rounded in shape (Table 26). The peridium is covered with large, polyhedral, hard, slightly striped warts of black-brown color.

Its body is yellowish-white, and when heated it turns light brown or chocolate. It is penetrated by a large number of dense brownish and whitish veins, forming a marble pattern and reducing the delicate taste of the mushroom. Bags with 4-6 ascospores, oval and covered with a coarse mesh shell (Fig. 134). The aroma of the mushroom resembles brewer's yeast, but its smell is weak and disappears when cooking. Fruiting bodies grow shallow (near the surface of the ground), sometimes even in the foliage under oaks, beeches, birches, pine trees, hazel trees, and especially under hornbeams on clay-limestone soil. The mushroom ripens in July. It is found in the south of Western Europe, as well as in the southern regions of Poland, Ukraine, Black Sea coast Caucasus. ..."
********dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_biology/1673/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA
—
And in all the photographs of Sergei Gorshkov in the group’s album
*************odnoklassniki.ru/group/43319303995647/album/45042824446207
– truffles found by Sergei in Georgia; in the vicinity of the city of Rustavi. Videos - addresses added in the comments to the pictures - also author's videos.

05.12.2011, 08:23

Regarding the site *****kipro-bg.com *
If you are interested, Irina (say, in this part **************kipro-bg.com/truffle-cultivation/) and would like to clarify something - i.e.

If there is a need to translate a paragraph, please contact us! Let's discuss...:-)
—
And a few more words about the white truffle (genus Choiromyces). (to yesterday’s discussion about the truffle described in the book you mentioned)
Currently, Choiromyces venosus on MycoBank is synonymous with Choiromyces maeandriformis This, in fact, is the Russian white truffle – Choiromyces meandriformis (= Ch. venosus)
********mycoweb.narod.ru/fungi/Choiromyces_meandriformis.html
its other names are Trinity Truffle, Transylvanian Truffle.
The group's album contains the very first photo, and photos of Sergei Gorshkov dated December 1, 2009.

Seraphim

06.12.2011, 05:13

Very, very interesting. Especially the achievements of the Bulgarians in this area... They followed the path of the *Russian mycologist Kovalenko - planting symbionts? *Alexander Eliseevich has been toying with this idea for a long time (he is the director of the Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg), but it has never come to fruition in Russia. *If this does not constitute a trade secret, *I am ready to give a series of articles about the Bulgarian experience in my newspaper "Mushroom Pharmacy".

06.12.2011, 20:54

The respected professor A.E. Kovalenko will certainly be able to awaken the practitioners (ch)
But I won’t say anything about the achievements of the Bulgarians. The theoretical part of the site is interesting. *For sure, it is based on reliable material; from good literature.
And this part is also interesting:
*************kipro-bg.com/truffle-cultivation/how_start/
And then nothing can be said... about the results(?)...
The goal is to sell planting material in two directions:
1. Sale of tree seedlings, potential symbiotic partners of truffle mushrooms. And the sale of seedlings, onto the root system of which this fungus has already been “grafted”.
*************kipro-bg.com/truffle-cultivation/truffle-agro-forestry/
2. Sales of Paulownia seedlings (deciduous Adam’s tree) – *Paulownia elongata:
*************kipro-bg.com/news-articles/sience-articles/alternativni-nasajdenia/
…………..
In this case, the agreement that is concluded when buying and selling (seedlings with planted Truffles)
kind of “cheerful” (to put it mildly)… I wouldn’t conclude that :-)

Seraphim

07.12.2011, 03:04

I think you are wrong.))) *The Chinese have been growing truffles this way for a long time and there is already a problem of how to distinguish a REAL wild truffle from a cultivated one (like real and artificial pearls). This is why the Chinese *plant is described as symbiotic. *In Bulgaria, as in Georgia, the soil is quite suitable for growing truffles. And the commercial direction is not bad. *Truffles with mycorrhiza seedlings were also brought to Australia)))

07.12.2011, 07:20

What? 🙂 *I’m not questioning the theory; in no case. And I don’t doubt the possibility of growing truffles - for example, the history of truffle cultivation in Europe * (black Perigord - Tuber melanosporum) goes back two hundred years.
I just want to say that the proposed agreement
*************kipro-bg.com/kipro/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/dogovor.doc
I wouldn't sign it.
And I would like to see the person - the buyer - (talk to him) who bought the seedlings by signing this agreement.
Paulownia elongata is still on the market as an ornamental tree with valuable wood, a product of scripture for animals and a honey plant, but not as a mycorrhiza former. The tree was tried on/tested for the role of the latter, the results were promised to be published by the end of October; there is no information yet.

Temporarily Virtual

02.01.2012, 19:18

Hello, what exactly is the aroma of truffle??? Does it smell strongly of mushrooms??? Or does it have its own special aroma??? What does it look like?? What can you compare it to???

Seraphim

05.01.2012, 05:51

The most amazing thing is that *this truffle aroma is different for everyone... For some it is simply wonderful (for me, for example, it smells like a thick mushroom aroma with *the oiliness of fresh olives and vaguely strawberries), for others it smells like tar and rotten grass.. *in general, everyone has their own perception..