Following the personalities, I entered the Polytechnic University. One of the schools in our city has agreed with five universities that entrance exams can be taken directly at school. I entered all universities. It wasn't as difficult as it seemed. I chose Polytechnic University because it suits me

SCIENTIST

Learned people are the nobility of the spirit.
The scientist is soaked in shit.
A scientist is the ideal of a true citizen of a country.
Smart people are not scientists; scientists are not smart.
A scientist is not one who reads a lot, but one who reads profitably.
Learning is the sweet fruit of a bitter root.
In the new world, one young scientist is much more valuable than twenty old politicians.
There are no former academicians.
Science is the spring of teaching, knowledge is the lamp of life. (Kyrgyz village)
The life of a true scientist begins with failures.
Don't be born a scientist, but be born cool.
The scientist leads, and the unlearned follows.
There are many scientists, but few smart ones.
Such scientists would be subject to heavy whips.
A scientist swims against the current.
A scientist without practice is a bee without honey.
A scientist without work is like a cloud without rain.
A scientist with bad intentions is worse than a robber.
Physicists are the most convinced lyricists.

A scientist is a person who is almost sure of something.
Jules Renan

A scientist can understand an ignorant person because he himself was like that in childhood; an ignoramus cannot understand a scientist, for he has never been one.
Claude Adrian Helvetius

Not the scientist who is among scientists
Lives with degree and knowledge;
Alas, it often floats on water
An empty jug, not immersed in it.
Alim Keshokov

Einstein, answering the question: what is the talent of a scientist, said this: Where an ordinary researcher finds a needle in a haystack, an inquisitive one finds a second needle, then a third, then a fourth. People of past centuries took with them many secrets, the search for which is comparable to finding such a needle. And only the most patient and persistent, studying the history of their region, find one needle after another, restoring a living picture of the past from small facts and finds.

“You’re in a hurry,” Vecherovsky said edifyingly. - We have nowhere to rush. There is work to be done... You still can’t understand that nothing interesting happened to us. Just work. Long. Heavy. Most likely dirty. Not just one year, but maybe a hundred years, or a thousand, or a billion... Dangerous? Yes, it's dangerous. Tackling a real scientific problem has always been dangerous. Archimedes was stabbed to death by soldiers. Newton went crazy into mysticism, Joliot-Curie died of radiation sickness... A scientific problem is always dangerous. And here is the real problem. For life.
Strugatsky brothers "Day of Eclipse"

For a long time, distrustful men treated women's pursuits of science ironically. “As for learned women, they use books in much the same way as they use their watches: they wear them only to show that they have a watch, although usually these watches do not work or show the time incorrectly,” - joked by the German philosopher I. Kant.

“...Science is useful precisely because it allows us to predict, and that is why scientists are above all other people.”
Saint-Simon

One of the biggest challenges in science is moving from guesswork to definitive scientific truth. With painful labor, moving step by step, like a climber along a steep wall, the scientist obtains the truth.
A.B. Migdal

One may reveal more than another, but no one can reveal everything.
Ancient Roman saying

“Scientists who undertake to solve the countless mysteries that nature has posed to man are aware in advance that they will not provide an absolute and forever correct answer. And yet they spend decades of hard and dedicated work to find an approximately correct solution that will withstand the harsh test of time for at least several years or decades,” said academician Axel Ivanovich Berg.

Scientists are children of their time and express in their views all the prejudices of the century, they speak human language, as if they attach completely human labels to inhuman realities, and in each era they are different. But they don’t really want to remember this, so they often get angry when a philosopher comes, reminding them of their powerlessness in front of their own inner world, and are fenced off from the guest with a whole wall of mathematical formulas.
E.V. Zolotukhina-Abolina “Country of Philosophy”

Learning is the only thing divine and immortal in us: the greatest advantages with which human nature is endowed are reason and speech.
Plutarch

One who is learned, but does not apply his learning to the work, is like a man who plowed, but did not sow.
Arabic saying

Many scientists are like a cashier in a banking house: he has a lot of money in his hands, but the money does not belong to him.
L. Berne

We often meet people whose learning serves as an instrument for their ignorance - people who, the more they read, the less they know.
G. Buckle

The spread of education in the deepest strata of society depends on the number of scientists, on the honor with which they are surrounded, on the freedom they are given, on the merits with which they are endowed.
L. Gambetta

It is not worth reasoning with a scientist who, while striving for the truth, is at the same time ashamed of poor clothing and other food.
Confucius

The ink of a scientist and the blood of a martyr have equal value before Heaven.
Koran

The same thing happens to scientists as to travelers. If a traveler has the misfortune of losing his way, the further he travels, the further he moves away from his destination.
N. Malebranche

The same thing happens to truly learned people as with ears of wheat: while they are empty, they raise their heads proudly and high; when they are filled and plump with grains, they bow their heads in humiliation.
M. Montaigne

The same can be said about some scientists as about good books covered with thick dust, that you are afraid to touch them, so as not to dirty your hands.
A. Oxenstierna

A scientist without talent is like that poor mullah who cut up and ate the Koran, thinking to be filled with the spirit of Magomedov.
A. Pushkin

The scientist is a spectator from the universe. He knows that the world belongs to him only as an object of study, and even if it were given to him to transform it, he would find it so strange that any desire for transformation would disappear from him.
E. Renan

A scientist is always lacking something: either color, or movement, or peristalsis, or gastric juice, or what is called common sense.
J.P. Richter

Listen to the words of the scientist with the greatest attention, even if the deeds do not correspond to his teaching. A person must learn, even if the lesson is written on the wall.
Saadi

Scientists are those who have read books; but the thinkers, geniuses, enlighteners of the world or the movers of humanity are those who read directly in the book of the universe.
A. Schopenhauer

Only true scientists continue to study; the ignorant prefer to teach.
E. Bulwer

Without flour there is no science.

Business before pleasure.

Learn by rote, chisel, cram, cram from board to board.

n Auka is not beer, you can’t put it in your mouth.

He who knows a lot is asked a lot.

The scientist leads, and the unlearned follows.

Live and learn.

Science is to a fool what fire is to a child.

Business before pleasure.

You can't say it better than the printed word.

Those who are good at reading and writing will not be lost.

Ignorance is the night of the mind, a moonless and starless night.

Complete ignorance leads to complete stupidity.

In ignorance, the mind languishes for lack of food.

Helvetius

It’s easy to move from small uncorrected mistakes to major flaws.

The looseness of the tongue reproaches itself,

Gives birth to hundreds of troubles, misfortunes and grievances .

The art of speaking words for words has always aroused great admiration in people who have nothing better to do.

Dobrolyubov

If you don’t give your word, be strong, but if you give your word, hold on.

The one who speaks beautifully does not always do things well.

An affectionate word that it’s a spring day.

The world is illuminated by the sun, and man is illuminated by knowledge.

For bad words even your head will fly off.

Measure seven times and cut once.

Don't be quick with your words, be quick with your actions.

The hut is red in its corners, but the man is red in his deeds.

The forest is being cut down and the chips are flying.

^ Class hour on the topic:

"Visiting the Word"

Teacher: Postnikova Svetlana Vladimirovna,

classroom teacher 5th grade Municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 5"

Target:

Fostering love for the native language and the Russian people.

^ The Russian people created the Russian language, bright as a rainbow after a spring shower, accurate as arrows, melodious, rich, sincere, like a song over a cradle.

What is Motherland? - This is the whole people. This is his culture, his language.

^ A. N. Tolstoy

A lullaby performed by A. German is played, and slides with images of babies are shown.

Teacher's word

There is probably not a single person among us who would be left indifferent by this song. Guys, what feelings did you experience when the song played? Why?

The teacher reads the words (see epigraph)

Teacher:

Today we have something unusual Classroom hour. Today we will go on a visit to the Word, and our traveling companion will be a hero whom we have never seen, but meanwhile we cannot imagine life without him, he became our friend from the moment we were born. Can you guess who I'm talking about?

Of course it's a language. Russian language.

Tongue enters.

Language :

Hello guys, I'm very glad to see you! From the early childhood and until old age, a person’s whole life is connected with me. When you were very little, what was the first word you said?

(Mother, father)

But it was me. And when you listened to your mother’s lullaby, grandmother’s fairy tales, father’s jokes, that was me too.

Teacher:

Indeed, guys, fairy tales, jokes, songs - this is language. All his life a person is in the world of language. Language is our servant and master, these are glasses without which we cannot see the world around us. He is our friend and enemy at the same time.

Language:

Yes, Svetlana Vladimirovna is right, I can be different, I don’t stand still, I’m developing. This casket contains evidence of my development - wise folk thoughts, carefully preserved by history. There's a lot in my chest folk wisdom, you can’t retell everything!

Teacher:

Guys, what does the tongue say? What is the wisdom of the people?

Language:

Of course you're right. These proverbs are “the flower of the people’s mind,” as Vladimir Dal called them. For thousands of years, the treasures of human thought and experience live and accumulate in language, in them is the human mind, national history. Let's touch the pearls of folk wisdom.

(Students help take scrolls out of the casket, read proverbs, comment on them)

^ Don't be quick with your words, be quick with your actions.

The Russian language is the language of a great people, and therefore it is great.

The tongue of a wise man is in the heart, the heart of a fool is in the tongue.

Without a tongue and the bell is mute.

Language is an anchor to the body.

The tongue drinks and feeds and spanks the back.

A lame word is a lame speech.

The tongue is small, but has a great body.

Language:

What proverbs about language do you know? Well done boys! Accept this casket filled with the people’s love for you!

Teacher:

Without bread and salt, all life will become insipid,

Without bread and salt there will be no song.

Teacher :

How apt and figurative Russian word. How bright and colorful Russian speech is. So many wonderful words about our native land.

Take a circle on your tables.

What might it symbolize? (globe, sun, bread.)

The circle is a symbol of eternity, eternal life.

Let's take magical colors and show how we feel about our homeland, what is it like? (The task is to convey your attitude towards native land. Students are given coloring books depicting Russian nature).

The song sounds: “Birches” performed by N. Rastorguev, students work against the background of music.

After completing the work, the drawings are attached to the board.

Teacher :

What kind words would you like to say?

Student answers .

You said kind, affectionate, beautiful words, understandable and familiar. We are also family to each other in the class. We study together, play, make friends, rejoice and be sad.

Children stand in a circle and read the poem:

- Where did you, Russia, begin?

- In the meadow and in the field behind the harvest

- What did you wash your face with, Russia?

- Ladoga clean water.

- What did you show off, Russia?

- Whatever was blooming, I took to my fullest.

- What kind of grief were you fighting off?

- from what was coming from all sides

- Where are you, Russia, settled?

- On green hills, near the water

- How did you have fun, Russia?

- Ladas cried with joy.

- What did you say, Russia?

- So that the word would give strength

- Who will glorify and prolong your family?

- Our wise and great people!

While reading the poem, children pass the ball from hand to hand, leaving the thread in their hands; by the end of the poem, they will have a closed circle, symbolizing the unity of all people, the globe, where our Motherland is part of it.

^ As a conclusion, after a pause, the words sound ( students read):

Take care of Russia, there is no other Russia,

Take care of her peace and quiet.

This is the sky and the sun, this bread is on the table

And my native window in a forgotten village

Take care of Russia, we cannot live without it.

Take care of her so that she can be forever,

With our truth and strength, with all our destiny

Take care of Russia, there is no other Russia.

Teacher:

Take care of Russia, with kind, beautiful deeds and words that we inherited from our great ancestors, try to think about what you say.

The valley of words in our language is endless and limitless. We have just begun our journey through the endless expanses of our language.

The music plays and the film fragment continues.

Against this background teacher reads:

I'm flying over Russia, as if in a fairytale dream,
And the centuries-old oaks flap their wings at me.

^ Like the call of spring I hear the cries of cranes,
I'm flying over Russia, over my Russia.
Golden domes, gray poplars,
Oh, Russia, Russia, You are so alone.

Our class hour has come to an end. But our conversations about the word and our native land did not end.

Annex 1

1. 
   White beauty, people really like it

1. 
   Benefit for others

1. 
   Lean in silence, touch me.

I am a source in the forest, I bring happiness and joy.

1. 
   Look how good it is

Take care of it, beloved land - ..... (Siberia)

1. 
   Full of water, unruly and with crystal water

1. 
   ^ Everything beautiful in the world around us

Vertical MOTHERLAND

Class hour on the topic:

"On the way to the word"

Teacher: Lebedeva Evgenia Vasilievna,

class teacher of 2nd grade, Municipal Educational Institution "Secondary School No. 5"

Target :

Cultivating a sense of patriotism through the means of the native language.

Equipment:

Various types of dictionaries, a crossword puzzle “Russian language” on the board, portraits of children’s writers, cards with text excerpts from fairy tales, posters - aphorisms about the Russian language, proverbs.

Posters:

1.“Learn Russian - years in a row,

With soul, with zeal, with mind!

A great reward awaits you,

And that reward is in himself.”

Sabir Abdullah

2“I have a path to all sciences.

I am familiar with the whole universe.

It's because I own

Russian majestic language"

I. Danilov

3. “The Russian language is real, strong,

where necessary - strict,

where needed - passionate,

where needed - alive!

Proverbs and sayings for schoolchildren. Learning in proverbs and sayings for children and adults.

Proverbs and sayings about learning, about knowledge

Learning is beauty, and ignorance is blindness.

Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.

It is necessary to teach not by telling, but by working and showing.

An example is better than a rule.

Teach others and you yourself will understand.

You will learn from the smart, and you will unlearn from the stupid.

Live forever, work forever, and while working, learn forever.

Gain intelligence from a scientist, and skill from a master.

An unlearned head is like a lantern without fire.

Don't say what you studied, but say what you learned.

They give two non-scientists for a scientist, and even then they don’t take it.

A scientist loves everything.

The scientist leads, and the unlearned follows.

The scientist walks, but the unscientific stumbles.

A scientist without work is like a cloud without rain.

Learn from a young age - you won’t die of hunger in old age.

Wherever the head comes, the body will lead there.

There is no old age for learning.

It’s not a shame not to know, it’s a shame not to learn.

Learning is the path to skill.

What I learned was useful.

Know-it-all teaches stranger.

The know-it-all understands everything perfectly, but the know-no-no just keeps her mouth open.

Lesson 4.

1. Write out homonyms from the text, indicate their meanings, and distribute them into groups: lexical, phonetic, grammatical, graphic.

Courtyard - part of the territory - servants living together - lexical.

Grief - from the word burn - misfortune - graphic.

On the forehead - spelt - on the head - type of wheat - phonetic.

Topics – pronoun – history for conversation, discussion – grammatical.

Tales - a type of fabric - ridiculous stories - lexical.

Fork – cabbage unit – cutlery- graphic.

Bulls – building structure – animals – graphic.

2. Determine the forms of which parts of speech the presented grammatical homonyms can be.

Bay – gerund, noun.

Howl – verb, noun.

I'm flying - verb.

My – pronoun, verb.

Charter – gerund, noun.

Tom is a pronoun, noun.

Wait – verb, noun.

Glass – verb, noun.

Saw – verb, noun.

Oven – verb, noun.

Soap – noun, verb.

Dispute – noun, noun.

Blesnu – verb, noun.

Attack – verb, noun.

Verse – verb, noun.

Know – verb, noun.

Steel – verb, noun.

Beregu – verb, noun.

3. Select synonyms for these words and determine their types (semantic, stylistic, semantic-stylistic, absolute).

Inspire – inspire, motivate. Semantic.

Great - huge. Semantic.

Go – follow. Semantic-stylistic.

Conversation - conversation. Stylistic.

Interpret - explain. Semantic.

A poet is a poet. Stylistic.

Obedient - submissive. Semantic-stylistic.

Shelter - shelter. Semantic.

Correct is true. Semantic.

Profitable – profitable. Semantic.

The reason is the reason. Semantic-stylistic.

Much – abundance. Semantic.

To rejoice is to triumph. Semantic.

4. Compare two editions of excerpts from the stories of A.P. Chekhov. Watch how the text changes with the replacement of synonyms.

Old text.

- She fell asleep reading my novel, - whispered Zinzaga.

The meeting room was announced the most furious

nice satiety.

-What do you want? Who you are?

An hour later I stood alone in front of the captain and consoled him...

There, behind dirty sitting at the linden table was...cashier Stamm, a German posing as an Englishman.

Wife hesitantly

New text.

- She fell asleep, reading my novel! - hissed Zinzaga.

The meeting room was announced deafening applause, shouts of “bravo” and trembled.

There was a slight noise in his head, and in the stomach area he felt sweet satiety.

- What you need? Who you are?

In one hour I stood alone in front of the captain and consoled him.

There, behind dirty sitting at the table...cashier Stamm, a German posing as an Englishman.

Wife timidly She went up to the mirror, looked into it too - and immediately something terrible happened.

Synonyms from the first text give it the author's coloring and make it more aggressive. In addition, you can notice that the second text is more modern.

5. Write at least 10 proverbs that have antonyms.

The root of learning is bitter, but its fruit is sweet.

A little business is better than idleness.

The happy one jumps, the dishonest one cries.

The scientist leads, and the unlearned follows.

A good marriage accustoms you to the home, a bad marriage separates you from home.

The guilty are blood and the innocent are in trouble.

Peace drinks water, and anxiety drinks honey.

Come together - fight, disperse - make up.

They give two non-scientists for a scientist, and even then they don’t take it.

It's not hard to do, but it's hard to conceive.

God sent work, but the devil took away the hunt.

The well-fed cannot understand the hungry.

6. Write out sentences with commonly used and individual author’s antonyms from the second part of M.Yu. Lermontov’s poem “The Demon”. What artistic function do they perform?

- In front of her
The whole world is dressed in a gloomy shadow;
And everything in it is an excuse for torment -
And the morning light and the darkness of the nights. - a commonly used antonym.

Did heaven or hell send you to me? - a commonly used antonym.

Why, beauty? - alas,
I don’t know!.. full of new life,
From my criminal head
I proudly took off the crown of thorns;
I threw everything that was before into dust:
My heaven, my hell in your eyes. - a commonly used antonym.

ABOUT! if you could understand
What a bitter languor
All my life, centuries without division
Both to enjoy and to suffer is a commonly used antonym.
Don't expect praise for evil
No reward for good; - a commonly used antonym.

Live for yourself, be bored with yourself,
And this eternal struggle
No celebration, no reconciliation!

What a story of painful hardships,
The labors and troubles of the human crowd are the individual author’s antonym.
Future, past generations is an individual author's antonym.
Before one minute
My unacknowledged torment?

I swear by the first day of creation,
I swear by his last day - an individual author's antonym.
I swear by the shame of crime
And eternal truth triumph. - individual author's antonym.
I swear by the bitter torment of the fall,
Victory with a short dream; - individual author's antonym.
I swear on a date with you
And again threatening separation; - individual author's antonym.
I swear by the host of spirits,
By the fate of the brothers subject to me,
With the swords of impassive angels, is an individual author's antonym.
My never-sleeping enemies;
I swear by heaven and hell is a commonly used antonym.
Earthly shrine and you;
I swear by your last glance
Your first tear, - an individual author's antonym.
Breath of your kind lips,
A wave of silken curls;
I swear by bliss and suffering - a common antonym
I swear by my love, -
I have renounced my old revenge
I renounced proud thoughts;
From now on, the poison of insidious flattery
No one's mind will be alarmed;

I want to make peace with the sky,
I want to love, I want to pray,
I want to believe in goodness.

I wait for your love as a gift,
And I will give you eternity in a moment;
In love as in anger, believe, Tamara,
I am unchanging and great.

I am you, free son of the ether,
I’ll take you to the superstellar regions;
And you will be the queen of the world,
My first friend;
Without regret, without participation
You will begin to look at the earth, - individual author's antonyms.
Where there is no true happiness,
No lasting beauty
Where there are only crimes and executions,
Where petty passions only live;
Where they can’t do it without fear
Neither hate nor love. - individual author's antonym.

No! not you, my friend,
Find out, destined

Wither silently in a close circle
The jealous rudeness of a slave,
Among the cowardly and cold,
Fake friends and enemies; - individual author's antonym.
Fears and fruitless hopes,
Empty and painful labors!

Sad behind the high wall
You will not fade away without passions,
Among prayers, equally far
From God and from people. - individual author's antonym.

Oh no! beautiful creation
You are condemned to something else;
A different kind of suffering awaits you,
Other delights are deep; - individual author's antonym.
Leave your old desires
And the pitiful light of his fate:
The abyss of proud knowledge
In return, I will open it for you.

A crowd of my servant spirits
I will bring you to your feet;
Servants of the light and magical
I will give it to you, beauty;
And for you from the eastern star
I will tear off the golden crown;
I will take from the flowers of the midnight dew;
I will put him to sleep with that dew;
A ray of ruddy sunset
Your figure is like a ribbon of shoes;
Breathing pure aroma
I will drink the surrounding air;
Always a wonderful game
I will cherish your hearing;
I will build magnificent palaces
From turquoise and amber;
I will sink to the bottom of the sea,
I'll fly beyond the clouds - a commonly used antonym.
I will give you everything, everything earthly -
Love me.....!

A painful, terrible cry
The night was outraged by the silence. - individual author's antonym.
It had everything: love, suffering - a commonly used antonym.
Reproach with a final plea,
And a hopeless goodbye -
Farewell to young life.

- “Disappear, gloomy spirit of doubt!”
The messenger of heaven answered: - an individual author's antonym.
“You have triumphed enough;
But the hour of judgment has now come,
And God's decision is good!

She suffered and loved - a commonly used antonym.
And heaven opened for love!”

And the angel with stern eyes
He looked at the tempter - an individual author's antonym.
And happily flapping his wings
Drowned in the radiance of the sky.

7. Find examples of oxymorons in the sentences.

The legend is fresh, but hard to believe. - Fresh legend.

I’m not a reader of nonsense, but more than exemplary ones. - Exemplary nonsense.

A crowd of tormentors, traitors in love, tireless in enmity, indomitable storytellers, clumsy wise men, crafty simpletons... (Gr.) - Crafty simpletons, awkward smart guys.

The fresh air smelled of the bitter sweetness of an autumn morning (Bun.). Bittersweetness.

How he wanted…to measure the immeasurable, to give boundless love a limit (L.). -Measure the immeasurable.

Everyone sat quietly, still talking silently, sometimes smiling... (M.G.). - Talking silently.

Lesson No. 5.

1. Find historicisms and archaisms in these sentences different types, describe them.

1). Nadezhda Osipovna entered into her possessions. The servants, all in new dresses, bowed low to the new landowner, with their eyes downcast. The next morning the bells began to jingle under the window: the zemstvo assessor and the clerk had arrived.

Entered into its possession - historicism, in modern language This phrase is generally no longer used. Landowner - historicism. Dvornya - historicism. New dresses are a semantic archaism. Bells are a phonetic archaism. Zemstvo assessor with clerk - historicism.

2). There were houses of nobles, hidden in dense gardens. The walkers ran by, and a strange carriage rumbled heavily. Prince Shalikov drove past.

Nobleman - historicism. Fast walkers - historicism. The carriage can be considered both historicism and semantic archaism. Prince - historicism.

3). The count's doublet was rather shabby.

Camisole - historicism. Count - historicism.

4). By order of the emperor, Lomonosov's relatives were excluded from the capitation salary.

Emperor - historicism. Per capita salary – historicism.

5). Sergei Lvovich indulged in food. The game paste was moderately bitter.

Indulging in food - historicism. Pastet is a phonetic archaism. Dichina is a word-formation archaism.

6). Arina carefully watched so that the barchuks and the young lady did not break any balusters.

Barchuk and the young lady are historicism, but the young lady can also be classified as phonetic archaisms. Baluster - historicism.

7). I’ll write it down, just ask the bottler (Yu. Tynyanov).

Butoshniks – historicism.

8). Suddenly I saw a gate and drove into the manor’s courtyard of our estate. Bored of looking out the window at the dirty alley, I went to wander through all the rooms (P.).

Gates are a grammatical archaism. Manor's yard - historicism. Boring is a grammatical archaism.

2. Write 15 outdated words, gone down in history along with the realities Soviet era; indicate their meanings.

Bulletin ( sit on the ballot/bulletin) - do not go to work due to illness.

Komsomol is the youth organization of the Communist Party.

Pioneers is a member of a politicized hierarchical children's organization.

Octobers - in the Soviet Union, students aged 7-9 years old, united in groups under the school's pioneer squad.

Sexot is a secret KGB officer.

Hipster (expletive) - a fashionista from the 1950s and 60s, a fan of Western culture.

A black marketeer is someone who mined and/or speculated on things (“company”) bartered or bought from visiting foreigners, which in the USSR an ordinary citizen had no opportunity to purchase or for which it was necessary to stand in huge queues.

A Stakhanovite is a participant in the Stakhanov movement, one who achieved high labor productivity.

Komsomol organizer is a lower-level Komsomol functionary.

Limitchitsa is a newcomer who has settled down to live in the city, having gone to work for an enterprise that receives limited permission from the authorities to register a certain number of workers.

A collective farm is an agricultural enterprise in which the means of production and the distribution of labor results were under the public control of its participants.

The Economic Council is the local authority for managing industry and construction.

Educational program - a campaign to eliminate illiteracy, carried out in the USSR in 1919-1940.

Sharashka - scientific organization where the prisoners worked.

3. From " Explanatory dictionary Russian language of the late twentieth century. Language changes”, ed. G.N. Sklyarevskaya write down 10 words that came into the active modern dictionary from passive outdated vocabulary (governor, tutor, etc..), 10 words whose high activity is associated with the actualization of the concepts they denote (business, bank, etc..); indicate their meanings.

Transferred to active dictionary.

Adventists are a Protestant sect that preaches the second coming of Christ and the imminent end of the world.

Shareholder - a person or organization that owns shares of a joint-stock company.

Excise tax is an indirect tax on consumer goods, included in the price of goods or fees for services.

Altar – eastern part Orthodox church, separated by an iconostasis.

Rich – having great material values, large capital.

Verdict is the decision of a judge or jury.

Freethinking is a critical attitude towards the current political system.

The nobility is a social group consisting of descendants of noble classes and noble families.

Investment is a long-term investment of capital in sectors of the economy or enterprise in order to obtain capital.

Investor is the person, organization or government making the investment.

Update.

A capitalist is the owner of capital who uses his funds to make a profit.

An alien is a person who differs from other people either in external signs, or behavioral.

Foreign - foreign, foreign.

A foreign car is a foreign-made car.

An index is a digital indicator that expresses the ratio of the values ​​of an economic phenomenon.

Impresario is a private entrepreneur who organizes entertainment events: An artist's agent acting on his behalf.

Acupuncture is a method of treating diseases by inserting needles into strictly defined points of the body, affecting areas of the body.

Witchcraft - healing using methods traditional medicine, as well as energy effects, witchcraft techniques, elements of magic.

Zone is a territory, space, characterized by some common feature.

Land is a territory that is owned by someone.

4. Write 10 commonly used neologisms included in one of the lexical groups (to choose from) that reflect the changes taking place in the life of society. Lexical groups:

technology, automation (copier, fax, video equipment);

Smartphone, Android, Vidous, iPhone, iPad, tablet, laptop, netbook, modem, pi-pi.

5. Write 10 neologisms that nominate professions (security, tuning, etc..), and indicate their values.

Manager - a leader or manager responsible for a certain area of ​​activity of the enterprise (HR manager, investment manager, public relations manager, financial manager, risk manager, brand manager, account manager, sales manager), project manager (manager project) or the whole company(top manager).

Supervisor is an employee who supervises someone’s activities or work.

A programmer is a person who develops programs for programmable devices.

A merchandiser is a specialist in promoting products in retail trade.

Copywriter is a person with creative nature capable of composing original texts, musical openings and larger works different styles, character and footage.

Art director - manages the artistic direction of the company.

A makeup artist is a person who understands creams and skin characteristics; he not only knows how to do makeup, he is a professional in makeup.

Developer - rents out premises in buildings built according to his design, for his finances on his land.

An image maker is a person who creates a style or helps you find your own image that will suit your profession or everyday life.

Cleaner is an employee of a cleaning agency. A narrow specialist responsible for cleaning certain surfaces.

Lesson 6.

1. Explain the meaning of phraseological units.

A stumbling block is a controversial subject; a sensitive issue is a topic that is unpleasant to discuss; Gordian knot - a tangled web of circumstances; Trojan horse - an insidious plan; the Augean stables are a very dirty place; between Scylla and Charybdis - to find yourself between two dangers; Sisyphean labor is useless labor; the talk of the town is what everyone talks about; a white crow is not like everyone else; a swan song– the last manifestation of talent; crocodile tears– insincere contrition; register Izhitsa - flog; after the rain on Thursday - in an uncertain future; get into trouble - get into an awkward position; tantalum torment - endure torment, deprivation; center of gravity is the most important thing; green street is a direct opportunity to implement tasks; Ariadne's thread - a pointer for solving complicated problems; hotline– direct communication to resolve any issues; hot spots – places of tense relations; black cash – unaccounted tax cash; quick money - easy way earnings.

2. Select 2-3 synonyms and phraseological units for words and phrases:

It’s not enough - the cat cried like a gulkin’s nose.

A lot - a carriage and a small cart, not even a beginning.

It’s as far as China, where Makar never drove his calves.

Close - just a stone's throw, on the nose.

To die is to command one to live long, to play the game.

To deceive is to deceive, to lead by the nose.

To be afraid is to break out in a cold sweat, to celebrate a coward.

Clever man- head, Enstein.

Work well - roll up your sleeves, tirelessly.

To work poorly is careless, completely bad.

3. Remember and write phraseological units with words:

The soul - the soul has sunk into the heels,

Hand - warm your hands.

The foot is not kicked in the tooth.

Face - losing face.

The head is the wind in the head.

Nose – keep your nose to the wind.

4. Describe the student’s state using phraseological units: a) during the session; b) during the exam; c) after passing tests and exams.

a) during the session, students rack their brains over the task and work tirelessly.

b) while taking an exam, students pull the wool over the eyes of the teacher and celebrate the coward.

c) after passing tests and exams, students kick their butts and have their head in the clouds.

5. Write 10 stable phrases journalistic style(For example, corridors of power, army of unemployed).

Reins of government; hit the line; creation of direct contact mechanisms; Cold War; iron curtain; difficult political situation; reserves for increasing efficiency; reach design capacity; election marathon; political farce.

6. Compose a short coherent text on one of the current topics of our time (15-17 sentences) with the maximum possible inclusion of phraseological phrases.

Garbage collection is becoming a sensitive issue for a modern city, its residents and authorities. The division of areas of responsibility between management companies and other enterprises in the housing and communal services sector is becoming a Gordian knot. Meanwhile, the city is turning into real Augean stables. Residents of the city often find themselves between Sicily and Charybdis. You have to pay quite a large amount for garbage removal, since, often, the service is not of high quality - you don’t want to part with your honestly earned money. But it’s also impossible not to pay, because in this case the debt will accumulate. Utility workers, in response to angry calls from citizens, promise to remove all garbage after the rain on Thursday. And after these words I want to ask them Izhitsa. The Housing Code and municipal acts were to become Ariadne's thread in this matter. But this did not happen.

Many modern politicians called the housing code Trojan horse. There are opinions that the code was written for the laundering of cash in the housing and communal services sector. The system of control and influence on housing and communal services enterprises is not clear to ordinary people. Citizens do not have a green street to exercise their rights to a comfortable existence. All that remains for the townspeople is to continue to endure the tantalum torment, bypassing heaps of garbage.

7. Find in the texts of I.A. Krylov’s fables phrases and expressions that have become popular and explain their meaning (10 examples).

the breath is stifled in the goiter - when it’s hard to say anything.

at the top of his lungs - very loud.

And the casket simply opened - a simple solution to a complex problem.

That you are running, and everyone is on the same window - fussing, but at the same time they will not move from one place.

The monkey's eyes became weak in old age - he lost his sight due to age-related changes.

An ignorant person tends to make everything worse about it - a person who does not know about the properties of an object believes that the object itself is to blame for this.

How to live heart to heart with a friend - to be very close friends, to literally live with each other.

He has to pay back for the sheep - to receive in full for his misdeed.

You are gray, and I, my friend, am gray - you are young, and I am wise.

your stigma is covered in fluff - your hand is not clean. Have sin in your soul.

Jumping Dragonfly is a cheerful, carefree woman.

8 . In periodicals, find transformed phraseological units and restore their original form (for example, at broken selflessness - at broken trough).

Between two stars - between two fires.

A life-long queue is a life-long road.

A secret shrouded in marriage is a secret shrouded in darkness.

Thieves in a factory are thieves in law.

Neither to describe with a pen, nor to pay a fee - neither to say in a fairy tale, nor to describe with a pen.

The generals of the tired career are the generals of the sand quarries.

Opel of discord is a bone of contention.

Seven troubles - in court the answer is seven troubles - one answer.

Laughter through groans - laughter through tears.

9. Complete the proverbs. What theme unites them? What do Russian proverbs teach?

In intelligent conversation, everyone gains intelligence; A word is not an arrow, but it hurts more than an arrow; The word is not a sparrow; if it flies out, you won’t catch it; Every quarrel is red with peace; For the sake of a catchphrase, he will not spare either his mother or his father; The spoken word is silver, silence is gold; There is an elderberry in the garden, and there is a man in Kyiv; Better with your foot stammer than tongue; Talking to you like drinking honey; Scold with you, what to wear in a tattered caftan; You can’t come to terms with you on an empty stomach; Not every bast fits the line; You can’t keep up with your tongue barefoot; You can’t sew a button on someone else’s mouth; Don't be hasty with your tongue, be hasty with your deeds; It weaves with its tongue like bobbins; The tongue will not wither from friendly words; It’s good to sing together, but talk separately; The day passes by until the evening, but there is nothing to listen to; The tongue is small, but it moves kingdoms; Language will take you to Kyiv.

All these proverbs are united by one theme - the value of words, language, conversation.

Russian proverbs and sayings teach us to appreciate obvious things and show wisdom; they also convey to us the wisdom of our ancestors in an accessible form.