According to research, people are used to conveying only a small part of information using words. The rest is devoted to facial expressions, gestures, even intonation. Psychology classifies body language and gestures as a more truthful way of transmitting information. If you can tell a lie in words, the body will certainly signal hidden feelings. By learning to recognize body language and understanding the meaning of gestures, you can easily find out the truth.

What do gestures indicate?

Emotions are one of the main factors that force us to stop controlling the behavior of the body. When trying to identify hidden feelings and thoughts, you need to remember that some gestures depend on the situation that has arisen. Example: frost can make a person close up, cross his arms over his chest, trying to keep warm. The psychology of gestures classifies such a movement as an attempt to protect oneself from unwanted events.

When studying the secrets that are hidden, facial expressions and gestures are assessed, first of all, based on the surrounding environment. If there are no factors that provoke double judgment, it will be possible to recognize the truth without much difficulty.

Basic gestures that allow you to determine a person’s intentions, feelings, desires:

• The desire to open up, to gain trust - gesturing with open palms pointing upward, connecting the fingers of two hands under the chin, at chest level.
• Threat. Nervous massage of the neck, chin, tension in the arms. The person tries to distract himself and not provoke a conflict, but if necessary, the reaction will be instantaneous, the interlocutor will not hold back.
• Mistrust. Hands pressed tightly to the sides create an insurmountable barrier, indicating a reluctance to believe. You will have to make a lot of effort to convince you that you are right, to convey the truth, to impose an opinion.
• Interest. They often show interest in opposite sex women strive to look impeccable, straighten their hair and makeup, their gait becomes seductive, with a soft sway of their hips.
• The desire to avoid conversation, communication. Objects in the hands of the interlocutor, with which a person is distracted from the topic of conversation, are evidence of a lack of interest and a desire to end the conversation as quickly as possible. Searching for non-existent items in a bag, package, or wallet is another evidence of quickly getting rid of an unwanted conversation and going about your business.
• Lack of interest. The main signals are that a person is trampling, shifting, actively yawning, leaning his head on his hand, trying to focus his gaze on a foreign object.
• Negative mood, negativity. The hands are clasped behind the back, the legs are tense, ready to move, soon the person is able to show aggression and rush into a fight.
• Showing sympathy. Leaning forward is the main sign of interest in the interlocutor, a friendly disposition, and a desire to prolong the relationship.
• Protection. Distrust of the interlocutor, reluctance to get into a quarrel, lack of desire to communicate is determined by crossed arms and legs. Clenched fists are a signal of aggressiveness; you should not provoke conflicts.

If it’s difficult to figure it out on your own, you need to find out more about what body language and gestures tell, which will allow you to clearly determine the features and secrets of movements.

Secrets of facial expressions

Sign language alone is not always useful; psychology recommends studying facial expressions, which no less actively indicate a person’s intentions and feelings. Facial manifestations are more truthful and accurate - external factors rarely affect physiognomic features.

Psychology classifies the main signals that facial expressions give and explains it as follows:

• Fear, great fear. Eyes wide open, eyebrows rising rapidly, eyelids raised.
• Pleasure, joy, desire to communicate. A wide smile, slightly squinted eyes, dilated nostrils are the main signals indicating a good mood.
• Anger. The eyebrows meet almost completely on the bridge of the nose, the lips are tightly closed, do not bend, and are extended in a straight line.
• Sadness. An expressionless look, no emotions. Drooping eyes and eyelids provoke the appearance of wrinkles, the corners of the lips curve down.
• Disgust. The upper lip rises, tenses, the eyebrows quickly converge at one point on the bridge of the nose, and wrinkles appear on the nose.
• Confusion, surprise. The eyes widen and bulge a little. The eyebrows are raised in a “house”, the lips are folded into the letter “o”.

These are not all facial signals that you can recognize on your own. A book will help you understand and recognize secret signals that are explained by the psychology of human gestures and facial expressions - store shelves are replete with specialized literature.

Here are the best of them: A. and B. Pease " New language body movements”, G. Lilian “I read your thoughts”, P. Ekman “Know a liar by facial expression”, etc.

Studying literature is a mandatory step for people planning to master body language; psychology recommends starting with simple books, carefully analyzing the information. Incomprehensible questions rarely arise, but sometimes you come across moments that are difficult to analyze on your own. In such cases, it is recommended to consult a specialist.

One of the psychologists and hypnologists who is always open for useful educational dialogue is Nikita Valerievich Baturin. The experience of N.V. Baturin will make it easy to understand body language, learn useful details, and learn to determine a person’s intentions, plans, and feelings using his online course.

How to recognize a lie?

It’s rare that any person manages to lie without blushing or blinking his eyes. The peculiarity of every person is that the body is capable of telling lies, and this happens involuntarily. Not everyone can control movements and facial expressions; the psychology of gestures and facial expressions, studied in advance, will allow you to identify a lie in a timely manner and react correctly.

Psychology has long studied the signals that indicate a lie, which are given by a person’s facial expressions and gestures. The following movements and facial expressions betray the truth:

• After saying this, the liar covers his lips with his palm;
• saliva is swallowed noisily several times;
• coughing appears;
• the shade of the skin of the face changes sharply - it turns pale, reddens, and becomes covered with spots;
• lips curl, resembling a smile;
• the gaze is not able to focus on one object, it slides, squints;
• the interlocutor avoids looking into the eyes, direct gaze ends with repeated blinking;
• heavy breathing appears.

Important! Involuntary reactions will allow you to recognize untruths and bring to light clean water, apply knowledge to protect family and friends, avoid trouble.

Facial expressions, body movements, hand gestures and their meaning, the psychology of each hidden sign - there are many interesting details for people who are just about to study the interpretation of signs. Learning secrets will allow you to respond to unpleasant situations in a timely manner, avoid difficulties, and find out the attitude of your interlocutor. Having learned to determine a person’s intentions, it will even be possible to prevent conflicts and extinguish brewing quarrels. Better understand human nature, understand the people around you and yourself,

Facial expressions

Facial expressions, as part of expressive movements, are primarily a way to convey our emotions to others. The more developed the “facial muscles” of the face, the wider a person’s emotional arsenal and the higher his emotional expressiveness.

In general, “as can be seen, the most precise definition there are no facial expressions yet.” Facial expressions refer to expressive movements and are one of the links in the chain of various forms and methods of communication between people and between representatives of the animal world during biocommunication. At the same time, facial expressions, including physical ones, are usually called emotional expression, which are considered as the main defining components of emotions. In everyday life, facial expressions are called the “language of feelings”, facial expression or expression, expression of emotions or simply expressiveness.

Basics of understanding facial expressions

Etymology

Nothing is known about the origin of the term “facial expressions”. However, according to I. A. Sikorsky (1904), the concept of “physiognomy” was formed earlier, and “subsequently another term was established: “facial expression”, “mimic”, from the word: μιμοζ = imitator, actor<...>Thus, the term: “mimic” has a different meaning than the term: “physiognomic”; but this difference was not taken into account in the use of words.”

Emotional facial expression as a subject of facial expressions

External images
	For each person, the methods of facial expression will, to a large extent, always remain individual.
	“In most animals, the face is a stable mask, but already in primates we see a greater variety of facial expressions ( Redican, 1982)". So, for example, among chimpanzees, scientists identify 8 typical expressions. (Rice.)

From the point of view of nonverbal psychology, facial expressions of a person are a very valuable source of information. From it we can determine what emotions a person experiences (anger, fear, sadness, grief, disgust, joy, satisfaction, surprise, contempt), as well as the strength of their manifestation. But despite the expressiveness of a person’s face, it is precisely this that often misleads us. However, expressiveness, facial expression or facial expressions and a person’s inner experiences are very difficult to separate from each other, which is why its concept includes the following components:

• denoted (designatum) - the main characteristic of the perceived personality;
• symbol - a visual configuration that represents this characteristic;
• means - physical bases and manifestations (skin, muscles, wrinkles, lines, spots, etc.);
• interpretation - individual characteristics perception, with which we need to be careful and attentive, since from birth we get used to patterns and stereotypes of behavior, where a formal smile or, conversely, an expression of sadness becomes part of everyday life.

Muscles and topographic areas of the head

Features of facial muscles:
1) attached to the skin
2) located superficially, under the skin
3) not covered by subcutaneous fascia
4) concentrated around the natural openings of the skull

Phylogenesis and ontogeny in the formation of facial expressions

Features of facial expressions in blind people

Culturally determined differences in facial expressions

In different cultural and ethnic groups, facial expressions can express different meanings, despite the fact that many manifestations of facial expressions are universal. In ethnography, this is closely interconnected with the “culture” of the people (tribe), which consists of a system of many characteristic features, in particular, the method of communication (language, gestures, facial expressions).

Historical background of scientific research

Methods for diagnosing emotions by facial expression

Methodology of E. Boring and E. Titchener

The first attempts to create a methodology for determining the ability to recognize emotions by facial expression were made by E. Boring and E. Titchener, who used schematic drawings created in 1859 by the German anatomist T. Piderit (cited from: Woodworth, Schlosberg, 1955, p. 113) . They created interchangeable images of individual parts of the face and, combining them, obtained 360 facial expression patterns that were presented to the subjects. However, the percentage of correct answers when recognizing different emotions was low - from 26 to 57%. In the 1970s, at the University of California, P. Ekman et al. developed a method called FAST (Facial Affect Scoring Technique). The test has an atlas of photographic standards of facial expression for each of the six emotions: anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise, joy. The photo reference for each emotion is represented by three photographs for three levels of the face: eyebrows-forehead, eyes-lids and lower part of the face. Options are also presented taking into account different head orientations and viewing directions. The subject looks for the similarity of an emotion with one of the photographic standards, like a witness taking part in drawing up a sketch of a criminal.

Method developed by R. Buck

CARAT - a technique developed by R. Buck (R. Buck et al., 1972) is based on the presentation of slides that capture the reaction of a person viewing scenes from the surrounding life with different content. The subject must recognize, by looking at the slide, what scene the person is observing. In another test, consisting of 30 short fragments of communication between representatives of various professions (teachers and students, psychotherapists and clients, doctors and patients), the test subject must determine what emotions the depicted people experience and choose their designation from five possible ones.

Method of “verbal recording of signs of expression of emotional states”

V. A. Labunskaya developed a method of “verbal recording of signs of expression of emotional states.” This method is a modified version of the verbal portrait method, widely used by psychologists in the field of social perception. A research participant performing a task using this technique is required to describe the most various features another man. The subject is tasked with describing the expressive signs of six emotional states: joy, anger, disgust, fear, surprise, suffering. It is necessary to name those expressive signs that he focuses on when recognizing the emotional states of another person.

As Labunskaya notes, the analysis of expressive behavior is not always carried out purposefully, and the detection of signs is not always carried out consciously. Therefore, to clarify the features of recognizing expressive behavior, it is of interest to study standards using methods such as motor, kinesthetic imitation of expressive behavior or graphic representation of expression. Although motor imitation of expressive behavior as a way of exteriorizing the standard is more natural, it is difficult to analyze. Therefore, in this case, the researcher is forced to resort to translating the language of movements into verbal language in order to analyze the kinesthetic standards of mental states.

In this regard, in order to diagnose the standards of Labunskaya’s expressive behavior, a method of “graphically recording signs of the expression of emotional states” was developed. This method is also the translation of expressive behavior into the language of images. However, in this case, spontaneity in the exteriorization of standards does not disappear, and the researcher has the opportunity to repeatedly refer to the recorded image, compare, determine specific characteristics and invariant combinations of expressive behavior.

Types of facial expressions

• mind - the muscles surrounding the eyes are witnesses or exponents of mental acts;
• volition - muscles surrounding the mouth area that are associated with acts of will;
• feeling - after all, in general, the muscles of the face that are capable of expressing feeling.

2 . There are:

• involuntary (reflex) everyday facial expressions;
• voluntary (conscious) facial expressions as an element of acting art, which consists of conveying the character’s state of mind through expressive movements of the facial muscles. It helps the actor in creating a stage image, in determining the psychological characteristics, physical and mental state of the character.

Facial expressions, just like speech, can be used by a person to convey false information (that is, in order to show emotions that are not those that a person actually feels at one time or another).
3 . Forms of facial complexes

• Amymia, which refers to the absence of visible facial expressions; with low mobility, facial expressions speak of hypomimia;
• Tense facial expressions, accompanied by the motor skills of a tightly closed mouth with corresponding tension in the upper part of the face;
• Facial expressions of interest, characterized by a slight raising or lowering of the eyebrows, a slight widening and narrowing of the eyelids, as if to increase the field of vision or sharpen the focusing of the eyes. Facial expressions of interest are found quite often, since they are determined by positive emotion and are a type of motivation in the development of skills, knowledge and intelligence;
• Mimicry of a smile. Despite its apparent simplicity, the facial expression of a smile is very polymorphic; it occurs infrequently during normal contact. A smile serves to pacify or distract from aggressive behavior; it appears when greeting.

Determining facial expression

Basic emotions

According to scientists, there are few basic feelings and yet there is no classification of emotions that would be accepted by all researchers of behavior. Some scientists recognize the existence of basic emotions, others dispute, however, many psychologists have attempted to define a set of “basic” emotions: M. Arnold , P. Ekman, N. Frijda, J. Gray, K. Izard, W. James, W. McDowell, O. Maurer, K. Otley, P. Johnson-Laird, J. Panksepp, R. Pluchik, S. Tomkins , J. Watson, B. Weiner, and in all cases it was suggested different number emotions, and a variety of criteria for their classification. Basic emotions are provided by innate neural programs, and most basic emotions are called innate [proven?], others are called elementary. The opposite of basic ones is variable emotions, the external manifestation of which is culturally and personally determined and often has a conventional (negotiable) or purely individual character.

Basic emotions and their variations
Joy	Partially: happiness, inspiration, fun, pleasure
Anger	Rage, fury, indignation
Astonishment	Amazement, interest
Disgust	Partially: disgust, rejection, contempt
Fear	Fear, fear, horror, panic
Sadness	Sadness, grief (deep sadness); partially: melancholy, despondency, grief; melancholy

1. Joy
2. Sadness
3. Astonishment
4. Disgust
5. Fear

External images
	Facial expressions of fear, (Arachnophobia)

Basic emotional definitions depending on the severity, which are used to describe fear and anxiety - anxiety, fright, horror, panic, fear, phobia. However, when a person talks about his “fears,” his facial expression can demonstrate anything but fear itself, for example, irritation, dissatisfaction, suffering, complacency and even euphoria. Back in the 17th century, the director of the French Academy of Painting and Sculpture, Charles Lebrun, wrote a treatise “On the method of depicting passions,” where he tried to establish which facial muscles work when a person experiences this or that feeling. For example, about the expression of fear, Lebrun wrote the following: “Fear, when it is very strong, is expressed in the fact that the eyebrows of the person affected by it are strongly raised in the middle, and the muscles that cause their movement are sharply defined, tightly compressed and fall on the nose, which as if pulled together at the top...” Therefore, a subject who is actually experiencing fear or anxiety has quite expressive typical characteristics: the eyes become rounded, move faster (the so-called search activity is activated); eyebrows are raised and brought together at one point in order to expand the field of vision; lower eyelids tense; Excitement makes breathing quicker, and the wings of the nose move apart for an additional flow of oxygen.

Sight

Using facial expressions

Acting art

Facial expressions in the theater, along with speech and gestures, are one of the main means of expression of an actor. It is developed by the actor in harmony with the general plastic solution of the character. If there is a semantic or rhythmic contradiction between facial expressions and plasticity, this can serve additional means expressiveness, giving the psychological state of the hero additional volume and versatility. In this regard, K. S. Stanislavsky emphasized that facial expressions are inseparable from the structure of thoughts, feelings and actions of a person and is a visible reflection inner life character. However, he wrote: “You cannot teach facial expressions,” but “you can help it by exercising and developing the mobility of your facial muscles and muscles.” The choice of one type of facial expression or another is determined by the genre and general style of the performance. In cases where the actor's facial expressions do not correspond general decision performance, the problem of unsuccessful interpretation of the image arises. In theatrical jargon, an actor who uses unreasonably exaggerated facial expressions is said to be “acting up” or “fussing around with his face.” Facial expressions become the main means of expression in those theatrical genres where actor's speech is not used: pantomime, ballet.

Facial changes in patients' faces

The study of facial expressions in a doctor’s training program is an applied aspect of the general study of physiogyomy. We probably shouldn’t reject this term just because pseudo- and anti-scientific trends have been associated with it in the past. Modern physiognomy has useful information, revealing the structure and functions of facial expressions, its types and their connection with mental and emotional sphere. Naturally, young doctors will be critical, even with a significant degree of skepticism, about the diagnostic use of facial expressions if its interpretation is devoid of scientific foundations. Therefore, before considering specific approaches to assessing a patient’s face, it is necessary to become familiar with the typical forms of facial expression, the principles of its description, and the criteria for emotional experiences recorded on the face. Based on these general principles, the doctor will be able to begin training his abilities. It is in this way that medical intuition develops as a set of experience and knowledge, as highest level professionalism. The doctor-patient relationship is complex and delicate. They belong to the field of deontology. However, when deriving an idea of ​​his emotional and intellectual qualities from the patient’s face, the doctor must remember that his own facial expressions, as well as his behavior, are under the control of the patients. Medical physiognomy does not compete with others modern methods determining the mental and physical state of the patient. It, like any scientific direction, has its own tasks and advantages. Of course, the doctor does not rely in his conclusions only on a subjective analysis of objective physiognomic data. Trying to avoid as much as possible possible errors In diagnosis, the doctor synthesizes indications obtained using various methods. At the same time, medical physiognomy certainly helps in making a clinical diagnosis and makes it possible to establish the phases of the disease. This is its enduring value, and abandoning it would not make the doctor’s work easier, but would contribute to missing the opportunity for contacts with the patient that have important to establish mutual trust.

Usage motion capture in the film industry

Visual characteristics of the portrait

see also

Explanatory Notes

Notes

1. "Great Soviet Encyclopedia ". Article "Mimicry". M: 3rd ed., volume 16, 1974 - 791 p.
2. Kupriyanov V.V., Stovichek G.V. “Human face: Anatomy, facial expressions.” - M.: Medicine, 1988. - 272 p., ill. ISBN 5-225-00112-2
3. Nikiforov A. “Neurology. Full Dictionary" M.: publishing house "Eksmo", 2010. - 464 p. ISBN 978-5-699-36740-5
4. K. S. Stanislavsky “My life in art.” M.: publishing house "Iskusstvo", 1972 - 536 p.
5. “Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron." - S.-Pb.: Brockhaus - Efron. 1890 - 1907.
6. - St. Petersburg: printing house Yu. N. Erlich, 2nd edition, 1907
7. I. A. Sikorsky “General psychology with physiognomy in an illustrated presentation.” Kyiv: Printing house of S. V. Kulzhenko, 1904.
8. Mark Knapp, Judith Hall "Nonverbal Communication: complete guide" Moscow: Prime-EVROZNAK publishing house, 2006. - 512 pp.: ill. ISBN 5-93878-206-6
9. Ladygina - Kots N. N. “The Chimpanzee Child and the Human Child” - M.: Publishing House of the State Darwin Museum, . - 596 p., ill.
10. Von Christian Weber "Mimik deuten: Ins Gesicht geschrieben". Von 2009.08.14 (German)
11. Psychologie: Asiaten können Mimik schwerer deuten. Von 2009.08.14 (German)
12. G. V. Babayan, K. E. Khalin, S. K. Islamgalieva “Culturology (lecture notes).” M.: publishing house "Exam" - 2009

Instructions

There are two types of facial expressions: - Reflexive everyday facial expressions;
- Conscious facial expressions. It helps actors consciously achieve the expressions they need. faces.

Since ancient times, humanity has been familiar with physiognomy. This is the art of reading faces, which was especially developed in China during the Middle Ages, as well as in Japan. In these, special ones were even created in which facial expressions faces studied millimeter by millimeter. Based on their accumulated experience, physiognomists tried to determine the fate of every bump on the face, every redness or blanching of the skin.

Exercises to develop facial expressions usually start with the simplest and end with complex training, the effectiveness of which will increase with each session. First you need to develop muscle mobility faces. To do this, voluntary movements of the facial muscles. Try to loosen your face while restoring optimal mobility. After a certain period of time after starting training, you will notice that your face has become freer and can take on the most expressions. At the same time, you will not feel absolutely any tension, because the initial exercises consist mainly of relaxing the facial muscles.

Along with the beginning of the development of facial expressions, it is very important to do special exercises for the development correct speech. Thanks to this, in the future the development of facial expressions will occur much faster, and the development process will become intuitive and simple.

Next, using the facial muscles, you need to depict various emotions in front of the mirror. Try to pronounce different ones with shades of different emotions. For example, you can say the word “Hello!” with joy, with rudeness, with rage, with anger, and so on. It's all up to your imagination. Pretty soon you will see that your face takes on the shades of emotions you need, depending on the color of your condition. In addition, all these movements will not be voluntary. You will be in complete control and awareness of them.

The final stage in the development of your facial expressions faces will be the next exercise. Have your partner stand in front of you and begin to depict various kinds of emotional states. Next, switch roles with him. Remember that by reading the emotions of others, you thus learn to manage emotions.

Sources:

• facial expressions exercises

All his life a person seems to be carving himself out of stone, like a sculptor, working hard on himself. Character cannot be obtained solely by inheritance. A conscious person develops himself according to the well-known principle “sow a habit, reap a character.” To obtain a strong character, you need quality seeds, good soil, light, warmth and timely watering. And don't forget to weed.

Instructions

Find good seeds to sow. Decide what habits you want in to myself develop. They can concern your physical, mental, emotional and spiritual. Study biographies of celebrities. Note in your notes what habits they developed throughout their lives.

Take care of good soil. This is your psychological attitude, your mission, the meaning of your existence, your goals. Why do you need good seeds? What is this all for? Isn't it better to "eat, drink and be merry for tomorrow"? What is your heart set on?

Provide enough light and warmth. Create a comfortable environment to form new habits. But don't avoid either. Remember how it is tempered. We need to maintain balance. Some habits will appear in trials, and some need to be developed in “hothouse” conditions. There is no question about which fruit is better - natural or greenhouse. In life you need both. Otherwise, once in good conditions After difficult years, you can easily relax and forget about self-education.

Water your crops. Watering is a job that cannot be skipped. Otherwise, the consequences can be catastrophic and you will have to start all over again, but in the next sowing campaign. Water every morning, just as the grass is watered with dew. So prepare your soul every day for what’s to come. First, everything is worked out mentally, and then in reality. Mental elaboration is watering, irrigation. Remind to myself constantly about your plans. Keep records.

Keep an eye on the weeds. The Bible says that bad communities corrupt good morals. No matter how wonderful you are to myself not brought up, everything can be destroyed. Be mindful and consciously shape your surroundings.

note

Save the harvest, don’t let it go to waste. Don't give up good habits, otherwise you may lose them.

Helpful advice

In nature, sowing and reaping constantly alternate. Benjamin Franklin came up with a 12-week plan for himself personal growth. And he repeated it all his life, working on one quality every week. It makes sense to follow the prompts of nature and experience successful people. Take stock and engage in sowing every year, throughout your life.

Related article

Sources:

• When character is formed in 2019

The human brain is designed in such a way that the first reaction to current events is always based on emotions. Today it is believed that emotional intelligence helps to achieve success in life. However, uncontrolled experiences can also be harmful. How to properly develop emotions?

Instructions

The first step to developing your own emotions is the ability to listen to others. Every person welcomes the opportunity to speak. However, it is rare that the interlocutor truly empathizes with the speaker. Often the matter is limited to formal nods and standard phrases. The ability to hear is the ability to fully engage in the interlocutor’s speech, without being distracted by extraneous thoughts. Ask questions, empathize, learn to extract useful things from communication with any person, because everyone is able to share valuable experience.

Think positively. Personal development in general and the development of emotions in particular are significantly influenced by internal dialogue. It is impossible to track every thought that is in a human head and evaluate it. However, avoid negative judgments. Do not overuse generalizations such as “I always”, “I never”, trying to replace them with “this time” or “sometimes”. Replace value judgments with facts. Instead of mentally cursing yourself last, state “I made a mistake.”

Study body language. To do this, it is worth observing others. Often people disguise their emotions words. Cold, harsh phrases can hide uncertainty, and flattering speeches can hide anger. Crossed arms or legs indicate secrecy or stiffness, and conversely, a free, relaxed posture indicates that the interlocutor feels at home. Is your colleague covering his mouth? It is likely that he. Analyze the gestures of others, then pay attention to your own. Try to match your body language to the emotional tone of your words.

Keep it under control! Everyone has their own positive and negative sides. Falling into anger, a person moves away from others, stops being critical, but often it is negative experiences that push to action, stimulate to achieve a goal in spite of everyone. Learn to express emotions A simple technique will help constructively. Divide the paper sheet into two columns. In the first write what you are told to do emotions, and in the other - what thinking advises. Looking at this list, it is much easier to worry and make a decision.

Video on the topic

Sources:

• how to develop emotions in children in 2019

Facial expressions accompany all our emotions. Thanks to facial expressions, we can understand whether a person is happy or sad, angry or, conversely, in a good mood. Mimic can and should be developed. Firstly, a person who knows it well is more charming and charismatic. Secondly, this skill will allow you to better deal with your emotions and reflect on your face only those feelings that are necessary.

You will need

• - Mirror

Instructions

The first exercise is a warm-up. Required . This exercise will involve all moving faces. You need to alternately move your eyebrows, then your eyes, then your lips. You can do absolutely anything: raise and lower your eyebrows, roll your eyes, etc. Perform this exercise for 3-5 minutes.

The second exercise is aimed at studying your face in order to subsequently master it well. Imagine an emotion, such as fear. Remember, there should be a face, and try to reproduce it. Play around. Try to portray completely different emotions: surprise, joy, sadness, delight, etc.

There are also exercises for individual parts of the face that keep the facial muscles in tone, which, in turn, tightens the contours of the face, smoothes the skin, and prevents the appearance of premature wrinkles. Exercise will help restore the skin around the eyes to its former elasticity and tone. Close and relax your eyes. Then bring your eyes to the bridge of your nose for about five seconds. Open your eyes and look straight ahead. Then close your eyes again. Do five sets.

To smooth out nasolabial folds, pinch it with your thumb and forefinger for two minutes. With the help of facial exercises, you can give your lips additional volume: purse your lips and pinch them from the middle to the corners. This exercise must also be done for two minutes.

You can get rid of a double chin by pronouncing the sound “ks”, while you need to stretch your lips well so that the neck muscles tense. Hold this position for five seconds, and then, pronouncing the sound “o”, return to the starting position. Repeat five times.

Video on the topic

Sources:

• How to develop facial expressions in 2019

In certain life situations I want to know everything about those around me, and for this I need to learn to literally “read” thoughts“, that is, to understand what emotions and feelings a person is experiencing at a given moment. There is even a science - physiognomy, which allows you to predict actions and desires, focusing only on facial features and facial expressions.

What is facial expression? Everyone knows the general meaning of this word, but not everyone knows complete information. Young children begin to understand the meaning of facial expressions at less than a year old, long before they begin to speak. They react very clearly to emotional condition a person by his face, look.

Facial expressions, also known as facial expression, are movements of the facial muscles that occur under the influence of a person’s emotional state. What is the primary meaning of the word “facial expressions”? It is of Greek origin, from a root meaning “imitation.” Most people, when speaking, concentrate on the face of the interlocutor.

Facial expression analysis

Analysis of facial expressions is carried out:

1. According to voluntary and involuntary aspects.
2. According to physiological aspects, such as tone, strength, symmetry (or asymmetry).
3. From sociocultural and psychological positions(connection of facial expressions with cultures, groups of various types).

Taken together, the information obtained through such analysis characterizes a person, his gender and age, profession, ethnic and social parameters, and emotional state during speech. Any complex of facial movements is characteristic of some states and sets of individual parameters, and at the same time uncharacteristic of others. When analyzing human facial expressions, it is important to take into account its fundamental characteristics: harmony, dynamics, variability. This means that changing any of these parameters can radically change the meaning of the entire facial picture.

Sight

The harmony of facial expressions is checked by analyzing the correspondence of the facial pattern of different parts of the face. The discrepancy between facial movements, for example, the upper and lower parts, may indicate that the subject is not speaking sincerely or is hiding his real attitude towards others.

Facial expressions are interconnected with other psychophysical aspects, for example, with physiognomic parameters and gaze features. K. S. Stanislavsky characterized the latter as unmediated communication from soul to soul. Dynamic aspects of the gaze (direction towards the interlocutor or in the other direction, the time the gaze is held on the interlocutor, the rate of change of the above aspects) contain information about the attitude towards the interlocutor: “shooting with the eyes”, “making eyes”, “flirting with the eyes”, “measuring with the eyes” ”, “look down”, “watch out of the corner of the eye”, “catch the eye”, “call with the eyes”, “follow with the eyes”. People tend to identify eye movements with the moral and ethical characteristics and character of a person (a shifting gaze is a thief).

The importance of eye contact

When people come into contact with each other, people subconsciously choose different means of communication, facial expressions being one of them. When analyzing the relationship between interlocutors, not only the proportion of time of eye contact, but also its breaking and restoration, as well as specific moments when it occurs and when it does not, is of decisive importance.

On average, in normal relationships, eye contact is maintained for 30 to 60% of the conversation. In positive relationship dynamics, the interlocutor prefers to maintain eye contact when listening rather than when speaking. The opposite happens with aggressive communication, and the frequency and activity of contact also increases. In favorable relationships, people are more likely to fix their gaze on their interlocutor when positive statements than with negative ones.

Visual dominance

The opposite situation may indicate an attempt by the interlocutor to dominate, to aggressively take the situation into his own hands. The visual dominance index (VID) is calculated using the formula “frequency of eye contact during listening/frequency of eye contact during speech” and characterizes the interlocutor’s desire to fight for dominance in communication. The lower this parameter, the stronger a person’s desire to dominate.

Often, the frequency of eye contact can characterize the inequality of interlocutors. It is believed that an interlocutor whose status is higher is less inclined to maintain visual contact. If there are several interlocutors and most often the views of the others are fixed on one of them, this characterizes his supreme position. Visual contact is understood as the mutual penetration of people into each other's personal space. Avoiding contact is a withdrawal from interaction, a desire to free up one’s personal space.

Can facial expressions be controlled?

Gaze analysis in order to identify personal characteristics and interpersonal relationships of subjects is characterized by both the above-mentioned temporal parameters and spatial ones, such as eye movement up, down, right, left; direction of gaze to the side or at the interlocutor, intensity of visual contact; psychophysical parameters. What is facial expression and can it be controlled? Of all types of expression, it is facial expression (facial expressions) that is most amenable to human control.

Facial expressions are a means of non-verbal information leakage

The concept of “non-verbal information leakage” takes this into account and ranks various elements expression depending on information content. Three aspects are fundamental to this characteristic:

• average transfer time;
• a variety of non-verbal reaction complexes characteristic of the corresponding part of the body;
• opportunity for the interlocutor to observe them.

The human face takes first place in these parameters; moreover, what facial expressions are can be said by studying the peculiarities of the manifestation of emotions on the face. For this reason, many people, while controlling their facial expressions, pay less attention to controlling other aspects of expression, which makes the analysis of facial reactions more difficult. However, there are quite common involuntary reactions. Thus, when describing an event, fact, or person insincerely, people tend to smile less often, and nervous people When conveying information that does not correspond to reality, they try to look very calm.

The eyes don't deceive

It is difficult to analyze and control the eyes’ own reactions to the emotional state, and this allows us to rightly call the eyes a real mirror in which the soul is reflected. But in some cases, the development of facial expressions occurs over time.

Well-controlled facial muscles may not move at all, but the eyes are more likely to convey the necessary information. The look characterizes both the state of a person - he can be frightened, joyful, sad, and his attitude towards the people around him and the situation - he can be dissatisfied, expressing respect or contempt.

The meaning of facial expressions

Characteristic for specific person Features of facial expressions and gaze may also indicate personality characteristics. Thus, a sideways glance combined with an incredulous facial expression can indicate an appropriate attitude towards people in general, about constant fear make a mistake or be deceived. During communication, the face in any case attracts attention, because it can tell about the above-mentioned aspects, and whether the interlocutor understood us, whether he wants to continue the conversation, and much more. The importance of facial expressions in communication is difficult to overestimate. Below are the characteristics of the most frequently and obviously expressed emotions and states by facial expressions.

Facial expressions as a means of expressing emotions

1. Surprise is an immediate reaction to a new or unexpected event. Most often, the eyebrows are raised, resulting in wrinkles on the forehead. The eyes open wide, but are not tense. The mouth often opens slightly.
2. Fear is the fear of the possibility of an unfavorable, traumatic event. The eyebrows in this condition may also be raised, but not in the same way as in the previous case. They are more stretched to the sides than upwards, since the eyes are opened more widely and intensely. The forehead also wrinkles. The mouth stretches with tension.
3. Anger. Manifestation of threat or intent to cause harm. Since this condition increases arterial pressure, the face turns red, veins may swell. Breathing quickens. The face as a whole is tense. The eyebrows meet at the nose, forming a downward-pointing angle. The lips are tense and may even be bared. Often they are slightly open so that the teeth are visible.
4. Disgust is a reaction to any form of contact with an object that causes emotional rejection. The eyebrows are directed downwards without wrinkling the forehead. The eyes become narrower as they are covered by eyelids. The mouth may open slightly, its corners point up or down, sometimes the mouth opens a little, and the lips tense. Wrinkles in this condition may appear on the nose.
5. Joy. Occurs when the mood rises. When combined with surprise, joy can be supplanted by the latter in terms of display on the face. Often used to mask other emotions, including rage and fear. However, the true emotional state can be recognized by voice, breathing, gestures and other parameters. Joy causes almost no tension in the facial muscles. The participation of eyebrows in the reaction is minimal. The eyes narrow a little and may “shine.” A characteristic half-smile appears on the lips. The expression as a whole is pleasant for the interlocutor.
6. Sadness is a reaction to grief and loss. As a rule, it appears briefly, after which it is replaced by the usual expression of a person’s face. The eyebrows droop, especially on the outer sides. The forehead wrinkles vertically, forming corresponding wrinkles in the middle. The eyes are half-closed, the corners of the lips are slightly lowered.

It is necessary to understand that gaze is an element of nonverbal communication without words. Facial expressions can more accurately convey a person’s state than voice and words. When looking too closely and frequently, tension can arise between interlocutors. However, when contacting friendly people, it is necessary to maintain periodic visual contact, since its absence can be interpreted as aloofness and avoidance of communication.

The very expression of all these emotions on a person’s face gives the answer to the question of what facial expressions are.

Darina Kataeva

Who hasn’t had the desire to understand what his interlocutor is thinking? Is he deceiving you? How does he really feel about your opinion? How we would like to find answers to these questions, because then we would know in advance whether we should trust this person and what to expect from him. However, everyone has such an amazing opportunity if you know the secrets of microfacial expressions. With its help you will understand how to learn to read people's thoughts in their faces!

Secrets of facial microfacial expressions

Different facial expressions on a girl

To learn how to read people's thoughts from their faces, you need to understand how a person's facial expressions and his consciousness are connected. Micromimicry is a person’s emotional reaction, which finds its manifestation in the slightest movements of our face. Nonverbal psychology studies this relationship. According to her theory, there is verbal communication, that is, real, and there is nonverbal communication - without using language, but with the help of facial expressions, gestures and voice intonation.

A person’s thoughts and his facial expressions are inextricably linked; moreover, contraction of the facial muscles occurs both voluntarily and involuntarily, so sometimes we are not able to fully control our emotions, which are clearly visible on the face. Your ability to read the thoughts and feelings of your interlocutor and the effectiveness of your communication depend on good knowledge and practice. You should be especially careful when facial expressions do not correspond to a person’s words, because this already indicates the slightest manifestation of a lie.

There is nothing supernatural or psychic about understanding a person's thoughts. The muscles around the eyes, cheeks, wrinkles near the nose, lips - these are clues through which you can understand the true attitude of another person to current events. With the help of such facial cues, we recognize 7 main types of emotions.

Happiness

A person experiencing joy and satisfaction will not hide his feelings. Facial language indicates his feelings. The corners of the mouth rise, the nasolabial folds stretch towards the cheeks, and wrinkles form. It’s easy to recognize this human emotion, but sometimes doubts arise if a person’s eyes say the opposite.

Astonishment

Sincere surprise is expressed in the involuntary raising of the eyebrows, widening of the eyes and opening of the mouth, while the lips form an oval. Surprise is the easiest emotion to fake. However, there are secrets with which you will understand how new and amazing the thought you uttered is. Notice the wrinkles on the forehead and the appearance of shine around the pupil of the eyes. They indicate the sincerity of the interlocutor.

Anger

One of the most unpleasant emotions that people find most difficult to hide. The main indicators of anger are folds between the eyebrows, wide nostrils, raised extreme corners of the eyebrows, narrowing and straining of the eyes. Special attention pay attention to the mouth: it is either tightly closed, as if constrained, or open, but the lips are square and the jaw is pushed forward.

Disgust

If the interlocutor or the situation itself, this will be evidenced by his narrowed eyes, raised cheeks, flared nostrils and wrinkled nose. The upper lip will involuntarily rise up, as if curled. Eyebrows droop down in disgust.

Fear

The manifestation of even the slightest fear is indicated by eyebrows that are raised, but not arched. They are rather in a horizontal position. The eyes open wider than usual, but there is no shine in them, unlike surprise. Additional clues to the presence of fear are flared nostrils and a slightly open mouth.

Sadness

When a person is upset, his eyebrows remain flat, but at the same time they move down along with the skin above the eyes. The lips are compressed, the corners of the mouth move down, the lower lip moves forward and puffs out.

Contempt

Contempt is indicated either by a gaze or from top to bottom. The mouth and lips are in the same position, they are constrained, but at the same time a half-smile appears. Eyebrows, eyes and wrinkles do not change position.

How to recognize a lie by facial expressions?

Scientists have proven that there are two neural connections in the brain that are responsible for microfacial expressions. When these connections begin to “fight”, as a result, different interpretations of emotions appear. The connection between gestures and facial expressions plays a special role in detecting deception.

• Looking to the side. Averting one's eyes indicates a person's lack of interest in the events around him or the desire to hide information. Sometimes the opposite reaction appears - a gaze into the eyes. This reaction occurs when a person knows that it is not recommended to look away when being deceived.
• Nervous lip biting. Such a movement indicates the interlocutor’s anxiety or desire to lie.
• Frequent blinking. This reaction is a consequence unexpected question or stressful situation, from which there is only one way out - to get out and lie.
• Instant nose touches. Scientists say that when lying, the nose begins to itch, so the deceiver wipes it with a sharp movement.

How to apply knowledge about microfacial expressions?

Given that each emotion manifests itself differently, remembering all the features is not so easy. Practice and patience play a big role. Remember the expressions of one emotion, and look for its manifestations in the eyes of your interlocutor. To understand this science, you can even practice on a close friend or loved one. Watching him, draw a conclusion, and then ask whether you were right in your judgments.

If you want to understand a person's thoughts, start with the elementary: look into his eyes! It is this part of our face that is the mirror of the soul. It is almost impossible to fake the sparkle in the eyes, so they testify to a person’s attitude towards the events around him.

Don't forget about the connection that a person shows. Availability sincere emotion manifests itself in the complete harmony of these non-verbal signs. If an imbalance occurs, this indicates the manifestation of lies.

Possible mistakes:

• The idea that you can understand the emotions of any person. There are people who know how to control themselves and their every move. Often these are “gamblers” or chess players, whose success directly depends on restraint and self-control.
• Generalization. Do not forget about the mentality, culture and nationality of a person. It is difficult to make a German smile, but this does not indicate insincerity, while Americans cannot calmly react to a “stony expression” on their face.
• Jumping to conclusions based on just one emotion. Each person is individual, so it is recommended to get to know the person better before drawing conclusions.
• Recognition of a person’s thoughts is used when communicating with a stranger, a teenage child, a boss or subordinates, and with the opposite sex. In these situations, it is extremely important to know what the other person is thinking!

December 29, 2013