According to Muzaev, this issue has been discussed in Russia for a long time, but to cancel five-point system estimates, a lot of work needs to be done.

According to the deputy head of Rosobrnadzor, in order to switch to another assessment system, it is necessary to improve the qualifications of teachers. On this moment teachers do not know modern methods for assessing students' knowledge.

While there are many around the world various systems assessment. “Evening Moscow” decided to talk about some of them.

Five point system

This system is traditional not only for Russian schools. For example, it is used in Germany, only inverted - for German schoolchildren 1 means excellent, and 5 means unsatisfactory. The same system is used in the Czech Republic, Austria and Slovakia.

But the usual five points for us can be obtained in schools in Estonia, Serbia, Hungary, Croatia, Macedonia, Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia.

Ten point system

This rating system is quite common throughout the world. In this system, 10 is an excellent result, and 1 is complete ignorance of the school course. Accepted in the Baltic countries, Iceland, Italy, the Netherlands, as well as Romania and Albania.

In 2002, Belarus switched to a ten-point system. Their system has five levels - low (from 1 to 2), satisfactory (from 3 to 4), average (from 5 to 6), sufficient (from 7 to 8) and high (from 9 to 10).

At the same time, Belarusian schoolchildren and graduates will not have any problems if they decide to continue their studies in Russia. Especially for this purpose, the Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation in 2003 published a letter that establishes the ratio of assessments of educational institutions in Russia and Belarus. So, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in the Belarusian system are 3 in the Russian system, 6, 7 and 8 correspond to the “four”, and 9 and 10 correspond to Russian assessment"Great".

100 point system

Alphabetic system

The cradle of such a system, which is also called Anglo-Saxon, is the USA. Here, students are graded on a five-point scale from A to F, where A is an analogue of our “five”, and F is “two”. As in Russia, pros and cons are also used, but they have no real weight in assessing the student’s knowledge.

With minor changes, many countries have adopted this system, including Canada, Sweden, Norway, Japan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Korea, as well as Malaysia and Thailand.

An exception

In Ukraine there is a 12-point system, which can be divided into levels. The first level (1-3 points) is the lowest, middle second level (4-6) points, sufficient third (7-9) points and high (10-12 points). In this case, a grade of 12 points is given only for very outstanding student achievements.

In France, Belgium, Venezuela, Lebanon, Tunisia, Peru and high schools in Portugal, a 20-point system is used, in which it is almost impossible to get excellent (18.5-20 points) and most students remain good.

There is a country in the world that has managed to distinguish itself from the rest. In Denmark, as a result of the education reform in 2007, the 13-point system turned into a 7-point system. Everything would be fine, but these are ratings of 12, 10, 7, 4, 02, 00 and -3.

By the way, at the All-Russian Library of Foreign Literature named after Margarita Rudomino, on August 7, they will hold

Studied it official documents and is ready to explain why each mark is given.

First level (low): 1−2 points

Recognizing, recognizing and distinguishing concepts are the requirements for the lowest grades.Yes, yes, no zero knowledge.

Second level (satisfactory): 3−4 points

Marks 3 and 4 are given to students who present educational material from memory, i.e., a memorized theory is enough for satisfactory scores.

Third level (intermediate): 5−6 points

To get 5 or 6 points, the educational material must not only be reproduced, but understood. Plus be able to describe and analyze actions with objects of study.

Level four (sufficient): 7−8 points

A student who claims to have grades of a sufficient level easily applies knowledge in practice and gives his own examples, similar to those given in the textbook. Based on a generalized algorithm, it also solves new educational problems. Another requirement is the ability to understand the essence of the objects being studied and perform actions with clearly defined rules.

Fifth level (high): 9−10 points

Applicants for “9” and “10” apply knowledge in unfamiliar, non-standard situations. Moreover, to solve qualitatively new problems. They independently describe, explain and transform objects of study.

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So far there is only talk “About the transition to a 10-point scale of marks in Russia”

My relatively extensive experience of working in secondary educational institutions shows that there is an urgent need to switch to a 10-point grading system for our entire education. Russia is a full participant in the Bologna process. Its education system should strive for unification with the European one and introduce new educational standards. The range of marks is too narrow; sometimes it is necessary to give the same marks to students with completely different levels of knowledge. The traditional 5-point system is more subjective and has a number of disadvantages. For example, when existing system, both a gifted schoolchild/student who has knowledge that goes beyond the school/secondary school curriculum and someone who just learned the lesson perfectly today will receive an A. The new grading of assessments will not only allow a more accurate assessment of a student’s knowledge, but also stimulate the learning process. One barely makes it to “3”, while the other is just a little short of “4”. But sometimes you have to give both “3”, because... There are no “cons” or “pros” in these cases. The new system should improve the quality of education, which depends on the organization of monitoring student progress.

I'm sure in others too educational institutions: schools, universities, technical schools, etc. experience similar things.

It is known that, as an experiment, a transition to a 10-point system took place in a number of schools and gymnasiums in Moscow. Their experience is interesting.

According to the director of the gymnasium with 10 years of experience in the new scale of marks, everything except the reverse transfer of points to the certificate suits them:

"The teacher has more opportunities to objectively evaluate knowledge, parents like that children are not given twos and ones, students have more incentives to study well - their achievements are more noticeable. Today you got four points, tomorrow - five, the day after tomorrow - six" ...

10 points are awarded to those who reach the research level in creative work, participant and winner of the Olympiads.

How do they deal with this??

All schools in Belarus switched to a ten-point system from September 1, 2002. Schools in Moldova use a scale of 10 points, Ukraine - 12 points, France - 20 points.

Thus, in Belarus there was a transition to a 10-point scale for assessing knowledge in schools, secondary technical and higher educational institutions. I will give a quantitative expression for the assessment:

Verbal description	Expression in points
Unsatisfactory
Almost satisfactory
Satisfactorily
Very satisfactory
Almost good
Fine
Very good
Almost perfect
Great
Perfect

During development new system assessments were divided into five levels educational activities(or degree of mastery of new material):

The first level is actions for recognition, recognition of concepts (objects), discrimination and establishment of similarity.

The second level is actions to reproduce educational material (object of study) at the memory level, that is, unconscious reproduction.

The third level is actions to reproduce educational material (object of study) at the level of understanding (conscious reproduction), description and analysis of actions with the object of study.

Fourth level- actions to apply knowledge in a familiar situation according to a model, performing actions with clearly defined rules, applying knowledge based on a generalized algorithm to solve a new educational task

The fifth level is the application of knowledge (skills) in an unfamiliar situation to solve a new range of problems, creative transfer of knowledge (independent use of previously acquired knowledge in a new situation to solve a problem; vision of the problem and ways to solve it, etc.).

The designated criteria and features are conditionally structured into three groups:

1. subject-substantive(completeness, generality, consistency, correctness, meaningfulness of knowledge, etc.)

2. content-active(strength, effectiveness of knowledge, mental operations, special subject, intellectual, general educational and other non-subject skills);

3. individual, personal(activity, independence, self-esteem, criticality, learning motivation and other personality traits that characterize motivational, emotional, volitional sphere, sphere of self-regulation, etc.).

The degree of completeness of their manifestation at the stages of educational activity represents generalized criteria for students’ educational achievements in the form of levels. Expanding the rating scale from 5 to 10 points allows each level to adequately establish a certain range marks or points that are characterized by integral indicators.

Integral 10-point scale for assessing students' educational achievements
Levels	Points	Evaluation indicators
	No response or refusal to respond
1. Low (receptive)		Recognition of the object of study, recognition of individual known terms and facts; manifestation of the desire to overcome learning difficulties; manifestation of situational interest in learning and subject matter
	Recognizing the object of study, distinguishing definitions, structural elements knowledge, manifestation of volitional efforts and motivation to learn
2. Satisfactory (receptive productive)		Incomplete reproduction of software educational material at the memory level; the presence of significant errors that can be eliminated with the help of the teacher; difficulty in using special, general educational and intellectual skills; desire to overcome difficulties; situational manifestation of responsibility and self-criticism.
	Mastering educational material at the reproductive level and incomplete reproduction of it; the presence of correctable errors in additional (leading) questions; difficulties in using certain special, general educational and intellectual skills or individual skills; manifestation of volitional efforts, interest in learning, adequate self-esteem, independence, meaningfulness of actions, etc.
3. Average (reproductive productive		Conscious reproduction of software educational material, including varying degrees of complexity, with minor errors; difficulties in using certain special, general educational and intellectual skills; interest in learning and achieving results.
	Full reproduction of program material with minor errors; application of knowledge in a familiar situation according to a model; the use of special, general educational and intellectual skills and abilities with little help from the teacher; perseverance and desire to overcome difficulties; situational manifestation of the desire for creativity.
4. Sufficient (productive)		Mastery of software educational material, including varying degrees of complexity, operating it in a familiar situation; the presence of single insignificant errors in actions; independent use of special, general educational and intellectual skills and abilities; manifestation of aspirations for creative transfer of knowledge, organization, self-criticism, reflection, etc.
	Possession of software educational material and operating it in familiar and unfamiliar situations; the presence of single insignificant errors in actions that are independently corrected by the student; presence of certain experience in creative activity; manifestation of conscientiousness, responsibility, self-esteem, reflection, etc.
5. High (productive creative)		Fluent handling of software educational material of varying degrees of complexity in an unfamiliar situation; performing creative tasks; high level independence and erudition.
	Fluent handling of software educational material of varying degrees of complexity using information from other educational courses and disciplines; the ability to consciously and quickly transform acquired knowledge to solve problems in non-standard situations; manifestation of purposefulness, responsibility, cognitive activity, creative attitude to learning.

Lithuanian universities use a 10-point grading system

10 - excellent; 9 - very good; 8 - good; 7 - enough; 6 - satisfactory; 5 - weak; 4-1 - bad.

Passing grade – 5.

Finland occupies a special place, or rather its education system

Finnish schools have adopted a 10-point grading system. School books, supplies and hot lunches are provided free of charge. In addition, if the distance from the student's home to school is more than 5 km, transport costs are also paid by the municipality.

The academic year consists of 190 working days: from August to May. Training is conducted only on weekdays during the day shift. Schoolchildren are released for short holidays in mid-autumn, at Christmas, and at the end of February. School ends at the end of May or beginning of June, after which children go on summer vacation.

The selection of “elite” classes from the general stream is prohibited. Quality Leveling Policy schooling expresses the main priority of the Ministry of Education of Finland - ensuring equal access and quality of education. Schools are distributed geographically evenly, according to population density.

After graduating from secondary school, almost all graduates decide to continue their studies at a secondary school (gymnasium). Here they are deprived free food and textbooks, although there are still no tuition fees.

Gymnasiums themselves select students based on their academic performance. secondary school. Training is conducted according to a course system, so there is no classical division into classes.

Studying at a gymnasium ends with passing state written exams, which give the right to enter any higher educational institution. Graduates receive white caps in a ceremonial atmosphere and begin to be called applicants.

Professional education

An alternative to studying at a gymnasium is vocational schools. At the end of a 2-3-year course, after passing exams, graduates receive a secondary school certificate vocational education, after which they make a decision: either enter the labor market or continue specialized training at a polytechnic.

Professional qualifications can be obtained by passing external examinations. Also, for graduates of vocational schools there is the opportunity to enter a university, but only after completing additional education courses and passing the exams required to obtain a matriculation certificate.

Higher education

Structure higher education

The higher education system in Finland is represented by two independent areas:

· Universities.

· Higher vocational schools.

· Universities, by the nature of their activities, are more focused on research work. They can be obtained as the original academic degree bachelor's degree (3 years), and the highest master's degree (5-6 years), followed by defense of a dissertation and the awarding of a licensee or doctorate degree.

· Higher vocational schools base their work on a close connection with the business and economic life of a particular region. Study programs necessarily include practice in firms and enterprises, and at the end of four years of study, graduates receive a bachelor's degree in their chosen field of knowledge.

· It is easier to get into higher vocational schools than into university, and Finnish companies are always willing to hire graduates of these schools.

· University education is open to everyone and there are no tuition fees per academic term, although the government plans to introduce tuition fees for students from non-EU countries. Currently, all students must pay their own housing, food, and other operating expenses. Finnish students are eligible to receive scholarships as well as bank loans at low interest rates.

The experience of Israel is also interesting in this sense.

In public (secular) schools, 75% of the curriculum is

compulsory disciplines, and 25% are additional.

Compulsory disciplines are divided into four

directions:

- “tradition, humanities and social sciences”,

history of Israel, social studies, geography;

- “linguistics” - Hebrew, English language and literature;

- “mathematics and exact sciences” - mathematics, computers,

physics, chemistry and biology;

Physical Culture.

Additional disciplines are selected from a list approved by the Ministry of Education and the school council.

School education is divided into three levels:

Primary school, grades 1-6, ages 6-12;

Junior high school grades 7-9, 12-15 years old;

Secondary school grades 10-12, 15-18 years old.

Secondary schools in Israel belong to municipalities, networks

vocational training ORT, AMAL and AMIT, women's

VICO organizations, religious organizations, etc. Ministry

education exercises control over all recognized by it

schools.

Secondary school programs include compulsory subjects

for all students, as well as additional ones that are studied

optional - optional. Subjects for which they are taken

matriculation examinations, determined by the Ministry

enlightenment.

Disciplines studied optionally in each school

is chosen by the director with the participation of teachers, school

parent committee and pedagogical consultant.

In this case, the wishes of schoolchildren who fill out

special questionnaires.

A student can study no more than 15 subjects at a time.

Secondary schools are divided into:

Academic;

Professional;

Combined.

Students are given the opportunity to choose between technical

and humanitarian bias. Education in such schools ends

surrender state exams for a full certificate

maturity.

IN combined schools have both academic and

professional classes.

Professional– schools in which, along with studying

students acquire general education subjects

speciality. Graduates of these schools can take exams for

a certificate of maturity or receive a certificate of completion of 12 classes.

In addition, they receive a professional certificate,

giving the right to work in the specialty. In a number of such schools

there are 13th and 14th grades preparing technicians and junior

engineers.

IN vocational secondary schools education

conducted in three profiles: professional-academic,

ordinary professional and professional-practical.

Upon completion of each of these courses of study, a document is issued about graduation, providing various opportunities further activities:

Academic profile Name Opportunities

Documents provided

About completion of the document

Two or three times a year (depending on the division school year for half a year or trimesters) the student receives a report card. In many elementary grades in Israeli schools, teachers have abandoned the assessment of knowledge by points, so as not to divide children into “good” and “bad.” The teacher tells parents in a few sentences about their child’s progress and behavior and notes what they should pay attention to. In the same classes

where the old system is followed, children's success is assessed on the following scale: “excellent”, “very good”, “good”, “satisfactory”, “unsatisfactory”.

In incomplete secondary and secondary schools There are two rating systems: 100-point system ( positive assessment considered 55 points and above) is used when assessing tests and exams, and 10-point when calculating grades in report cards and certificates.

Discussions about the transition of education to a 10-point system in Russia have been going on for a long time, “but things are still there.” How long...

1 point
The unattainable edge of horror. Universal evil. If you have a nightmare, you will have to visit a psychiatrist. Perhaps more than once.

2 points
90-60-90
height-weight-age
Something thick and scary. It will be given to the first person you meet for a bottle of cheap beer, or it will be broken until your last breath. We do not consider them as “female”.

3 points
A gray, ugly, plump girl who has been very unlucky in life with her appearance. There are rumors that they have sex.
Usually such girls either give with great effort (due to their terrible complexes), or give to all the few comrades who need it from them.

4 points
An ordinary gray girl who is not popular with men. In this case, it can either be with a normal figure, but ugly in the face, or simply too fat. At large quantities Alcohol will do, but again, not for everyone. Seducing such a person is not a problem, but think about whether you need it.

5 points
Neither fish nor fowl. There are millions of them. 7 out of 10 girls passing will fall into this category. There’s no shame in seducing someone like that, but there’s also nothing to boast about.
Standard. Such girls make “contact” most easily.

6 points
Either a very well-groomed 5, or just a pretty girl who can be seduced and this will be a good memory. Typically, such girls are suitable for long-term relationships due to their flexibility.
Seducing someone like that is not big problem, but you'll have to work a little harder.

7 points
From nature beautiful girl. With a good figure and a pretty face. It is popular among men and therefore there is a protective barrier against obviously unacceptable or unsuccessful men. This is the most controversial category among pickup artists. Here opinions fluctuate both down and up. In general, the seduction of 7 remains in my memory as very good memories.

8 points
Fashion model. Naturally gifted with good looks and a great figure. For the most part, these girls are wealthy and have the opportunity to take care of their appearance. The percentage of such girls is very small among all, but having seduced her, you can be proud of it and know that you are “one of the very best.” In most cases, to seduce such a girl, you will need more than one date.

9 points
This is your ideal. Moreover, for everyone it is no less than 8 points, but it sunk into your soul. This is exactly what you dream of. A very beautiful girl (7-8 points) with whom you have a long-term relationship and she is “the one” can also fall into this category.
The seduction of such a girl definitely goes beyond the standard, so here you will have to make every effort.

10 points
The unattainable limit of beauty and inner qualities of a girl. If you met her, then consider yourself one of a million. There is no need to seduce, you and her will understand everything right away.

0

5-point system versus 10-point system: which is better?

The knowledge assessment system is an integral element educational process. In fact, this is the basic criterion for determining the level of mastery of educational material. Most Russian parents are familiar and understand the 5-point system, because we remember it from our childhood. Abroad, new systems are relevant - 10-, 12- and even 100-point. This trend has not bypassed domestic education: some schools, in addition to the usual 5-point scale, have introduced a grading system on a 10-point scale.

Which system is better? What to look for when choosing between the old and new format for assessing knowledge? And how do children react to assessment of their progress in general? Let's talk about this below.

Assessment as a factor of influence on personality development

WITH early childhood we go through the process of socialization, that is, integration into the existing society. The role of connecting links between the individual and society is played by the so-called agents of socialization: first, one’s own family, and then a kindergarten, school, university, and work team. But if the family, as a rule, loves us for who we are, then the affection of other agents still needs to be earned. Moreover, these agents constantly evaluate us.

IN kindergarten The teacher evaluates the child’s behavior and progress: how he spends his time, how he interacts with other children and staff, how easy it is for him to do group games, tasks and exercises. This is how children get used to being assessed - they begin to understand that their behavior is constantly compared with certain standard values ​​(“pretty smart”, “not too obedient”, “very sociable”). They are then assessed at school, but here the emphasis is on the level of knowledge acquired from the curriculum - the student receives low or high marks. This experience is extrapolated to all future social life. At the university, a former student becomes an excellent student, a poor student or an average student, and at work, accordingly, a good, bad or mediocre employee.

The puberty period of development occurs precisely during school years Therefore, it is the assessment system at school that has a special influence on the development of the child. Today the situation in schools is ambiguous: some educational establishments use the traditional 5-point system for Russia, others are gradually moving to a 10-point system, and some even use them in parallel. For example, in elementary grades, students are given grades from 1 to 5, and in middle and high grades - from 1 to 10.

5-point system: pros and cons

As planned, a scale from 1 to 5 demonstrates how the student has mastered the educational material. At the same time, each quantification corresponds to a certain semantic characteristic.

Grade	Student characteristics
	Doesn't know or understand the course material at all
	Doesn't know most of the material. Answers oral questions hesitantly, makes gross mistakes in written work
	Knows the basic material, but cannot correctly use the acquired knowledge in practice without outside help. Makes mistakes in oral answers and in writing
	Knows the required material, answers questions without difficulty, and applies the acquired knowledge in practice. Does not make gross mistakes when answering verbally, and in writing makes only minor errors
	Knows the program material in full, demonstrates an excellent understanding of the topic, answers the teacher’s questions correctly and confidently, and is able to independently solve practical problems using the acquired knowledge. Does not make mistakes in oral and written answers

Pros:

• the system is traditional and familiar, and therefore understandable to both students and parents;
• good grades (in particular, A's) significantly increase a student's self-esteem.

Minuses:

• assessment criteria do not make it possible to accurately and objectively assess a student’s knowledge (hence the widespread use of essentially non-existent grades like “4+”, “3-”, etc.);
• the system does not objectively determine the student’s academic progress (even if the student made fewer mistakes than last time, or answered correctly but made a mistake in writing, his grade will not change);
• poor grades negatively affect a student’s self-esteem and can cause serious psychological trauma;
• very often the assessment is determined not by the educational success and real achievements of the child, but by the behavior and subjective attitude of the teacher.

10-point system: pros and cons

The main difference of this system is a deeper classification and detailing of a student’s educational achievements. In addition to the level of mastery of the material, such a scale also shows the qualitative characteristics of educational activities.

Grade	Characteristic	Level of educational activity
	Complete absence educational activity
	Unsatisfactory	Distinction, recognition, superficial familiarity with the subject
	Almost satisfactory
	Satisfactorily	Memorization and unconscious recall
	Very satisfactory
		Understanding of theory, awareness
	Very good
	Very good	Full knowledge of theoretical material
	Almost perfect
		A non-standard creative approach to the application of acquired knowledge
	Perfect

The system is called 10-point, although in fact it contains 11 grades - from 0 to 10. A grade of “0” is provided for those cases when the student simply refuses to answer a question or complete a task. But at the same time, the assessment cannot characterize the level of mastery of the material, which is why it was not reflected in the name of the scale.

Pros:

• expanded gradation allows you to more clearly and objectively determine the current level of knowledge;
• the scale allows you to analyze the student’s mental abilities, assess involvement in the educational process and detect his weaknesses;
• the system is psychologically comfortable - ratings from 5 points are already positive;
• The uncomfortable gap for students between excellent students and poor students is reduced: all students who receive from 7 to 10 points are successful by definition.

Minuses:

• the system does not solve traditional problems school education: psychological trauma poor students, subjective attitude of teachers, etc.;
• Parents are confused about the new scores and do not always understand what this or that score indicates.

Both systems cannot be called ideal, but it is obvious that the 10-point scale is still more comfortable for students and makes the process of assessing knowledge at least a little more adequate. Therefore, if there is a choice, it is better to send the child to a school where grades are given from 1 to 10. It is optimal if the child gets used to such a system from the first grade and studies according to it until graduation. A sharp transition from one scale to another, which is sometimes practiced in domestic schools, only brings additional discomfort to children.

Interesting fact: The Finnish school system, considered the best in the world, has abandoned grades altogether. According to the Finnish Ministry of Education, children study in order to obtain and use knowledge, and not for the sake of good grades. The innovative approach has already proven its effectiveness: Finnish graduates are breaking all success records, and their parents are calm about the psychological health of their children.