Imagination is a mental process through which images are created that a person has never perceived before. Four types of imagination can be distinguished:
1) images of what exists in reality, for example, a person imagines the Sahara Desert, which he has never been to, but which really exists;
2) historical images, for example, you can imagine what a prehistoric man or a saber-toothed tiger looked like;
3) fairy-tale images: Baba Yaga, Serpent-Gorynych, etc.;
4) images of the future, for example, what a car of the 22nd century looks like.
Images of the imagination can be created in various ways. The most common methods are the following.
1. Agglutination is the combination of any qualities, properties, parts into a single, often bizarre image, sometimes very far from reality.
For example, the combination of the upper part of a man’s body and the lower part of a horse was embodied in the image of a centaur, and by placing a hut on chicken feet, they got Baba Yaga’s dwelling. Most often this technique is used in myths and fairy tales.
2. Emphasis – highlighting any part or detail in an existing image and elevating it to the rank of dominant.
The method is most often used in caricatures and caricatures.
Typification is the most complex, sometimes creative technique, which is expressed in the fact that the most characteristic, significant qualities and properties are isolated from specific images and a new image is created on their basis.
Writers very often use this technique when creating images of literary heroes.
It helps out in situations where it is impossible, difficult or simply impractical to carry out practical actions.
Thus, without imagination, progress in any field of human activity would not be possible.
Stand out the following types imagination:
1) active (voluntary) – passive (involuntary);
2) aroductive (creative) – reproductive (recreating).
Passive imagination occurs without volitional effort and without conscious intentions on the part of a person.
The most common type of passive imagination is dreaming.
Active imagination occurs when new ideas or images are created through a person's specific intention.
Reproductive (recreating) imagination is based on recreating new images in accordance with the existing description, diagram, etc.
Productive imagination - new images and ideas are created as a result of independent creative activity.
However, most often it is not possible to draw a clear line between reproductive and creative imagination.
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Concept O imagination. Kinds imagination. Functions imagination. Imagination is a mental process through which images are created that a person has never perceived before. -
Concept O imagination. Kinds imagination. Functions imagination. Imagination -
Speech is the process of communication through all kinds of communication means (words, gestures, intonation. Imagination his kinds And functions.
Functions: 1. Phragmatic – use of image imagination on practice. -
“Previous question. Concept O imagination. Kinds imagination. Functions imagination. Imagination- this is a mental process through which images are created that people. -
Kinds, functions, properties, nature imagination. The process of reflecting actual reality beyond existing connections and relationships are called imagination. -
Concept O imagination.
Kinds, functions, properties, nature imagination. The process of reflecting actual reality beyond the boundaries of existing connections and relationships is called in... more ". -
Kinds imagination. In the process of reflecting the surrounding world, a person, along with the perception of what acts on him in this moment, or a visual representation of what influenced him before, creates new images. -
Imagination his kinds And functions.
Forms of thinking (characterize the structure of thought): 1. Concept(a form of thinking that reflects the general and essential features of objects, processes and phenomena. -
Imagination is the process of presenting information to form images, and a process in which these images differ from reality. The product and its result are an image invented by a person. -
1. General concept about sensations. Sensation is a mental process of immediate, sensory
Imagination-- figurative-information modeling of reality based on
Mental processes are expressed in specific content: function...
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Imagination is the process of constructing new images by processing content and experience.
In a broad sense, it is the process of operating with images.
The role of imagination
1.Imagination is the basis of creativity, it is the movement of society forward
2. Takes a person beyond the current situation and reminds him of the past.
Functions of the imagination
1.Imaginative representation of reality.
2.Regulation emotional state.
3. Regulation of behavior.
4.Formation internal plan actions.
5.Planning and programming of actions.
Imagination is associated with memory and thinking.
Physiological mechanism
This is a complex analytical and synthetic activity, during which neural connections are updated and regrouped into new systems.
Associated with the subcortex and hypatolamic-limbic system. Speech plays a huge role in the process of imagination.
The Essence of Imagination – images of the imagination do not arise out of nothing; they are always the use of what has already been in human experience.
Stages of imagination - analysis, synthesis.
Factors influencing imagination :
1.Wealth of experience.
2. Features of nervous activity.
Personality traits associated with imagination include:
1.Prosaicism - lack of high dreams, chained to everyday trifles.
2.Romanticism - rich imagination, ideas, hypotheses, is characteristic of active and strong-willed natures.
3. Fantasy – an unnoticeable distortion of facts, wishful thinking. Often appears in children.
Some are aware of fantasy, some are not. This trait is used to be interesting, to increase self-esteem and as a way of fulfillment.
Types of imagination
By degree of activity: passive, active
According to the degree of volitional effort - intentional and unintentional
Active intentional imagination:
1. Recreating imagination - when a person recreates a representation of an object that would correspond to the description.
2. Creative – when recreating, one’s own vision is added.
3.Dream – independent creation of new images.
Dream difference:
1. In a dream, an image of what is desired is created.
2. A process that is not included in creative activity because it does not produce the final result.
3. The dream is aimed at the future. If a person constantly dreams, he is in the future. Not here and now.
4. Dreams sometimes come true.
Passive intentional imagination or daydreaming
Dreams are not associated with volitional efforts. They are like a dream. If a person is always in dreams, he does not live in the present. Dreams are not realized. Possible mental disorders
Unintentional passive
1.Sleep
2. Hallucinations - when non-existent objects are perceived, more often in mental disorders.
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
Ed. prof. A. V. Petrovsky.
Textbook
M., 1996.
PART II. PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND STATES
CHAPTER 8. IMAGINATION
1. CONCEPT OF IMAGINATION, ITS BASIC TYPES AND PROCESSES
Imagination and problem situation. Imagination, or fantasy, like thinking, belongs to the number of higher cognitive processes in which the specifically human nature of activity is clearly revealed. Without imagining the finished result of your work, you cannot get to work. Presenting the expected result with the help of fantasy is the fundamental difference between human labor and the instinctive behavior of animals. Any labor process necessarily includes imagination. It acts as a necessary side of artistic, design, scientific, literary, musical, and creative activity in general. Strictly speaking, in order to make a simple table using a homemade method, imagination is no less necessary than for writing an opera aria or story: you need to imagine in advance what shape, height, length and width the table will be; how the legs will be fastened, how well it will correspond to its purpose as a dining table, laboratory table or desk - in a word, before starting work you need to see this table as if it is ready.
Imagination is a necessary element of human creative activity, expressed in the construction of an image of the products of labor, and also ensures the creation of a program of behavior in cases where the problem situation is characterized by uncertainty. At the same time, imagination can act as a means of creating images that do not program active activity, but replace it.
The first and most important purpose of imagination as a mental process is that it allows present the result of work before it begins, represent not only the final product of labor (for example, a table in its completed form as a finished product), but also its intermediates(in this case, those parts that need to be made sequentially to assemble the table). Consequently, imagination orients a person in the process of activity - it creates a mental model of the final or intermediate products of labor, which contributes to their objective embodiment.
Imagination is closely related to thinking. Like thinking, it allows you to foresee the future.
What do thinking and fantasy have in common and what are the differences between them? Just like thinking, imagination arises in a problem situation, i.e. in cases where it is necessary to find new solutions; just like thinking, it is motivated by the needs of the individual. The real process of satisfying needs may be preceded by illusory, imaginary satisfaction of needs, i.e. a living, vivid representation of the situation in which these needs can be satisfied. But advanced reflection of reality carried out in fantasy processes occurs in a concrete form, in the form of bright ideas, while advanced reflection in the processes of thinking occurs by operating with concepts that allow us to understand the world in a generalized and indirect way.
Thus, in the problem situation with which the activity begins, there are two systems of consciousness anticipating the results of this activity: organized system images(representations) and organized system of concepts. The possibility of choosing an image is the basis of imagination, the possibility of a new combination of concepts is the basis of thinking. Often such work takes place on “two floors” at once, since systems of images and concepts are closely connected - the choice, for example, of a method of action, is carried out through logical reasoning, with which vivid ideas of how the action will be carried out are organically fused.
Considering the similarities and differences between thinking and imagination, it is necessary to note that a problem situation can be characterized by more or less uncertainty. If the initial data of a problem, for example a scientific problem, are known, then the course of its solution is subject primarily to the laws of thinking. A different picture is observed when the problem situation is characterized by significant uncertainty, the initial data is difficult to accurate analysis. In this case, the mechanisms of imagination come into action. For example, some uncertainty in the source data affects the writer’s work. It is not without reason that the role of fantasy is so great in literary creativity, when a writer in his imagination traces the fate of his heroes. He has to deal with a much greater degree of uncertainty than a designer or engineer, since the laws of the human psyche and behavior are in many ways less known than the laws of physics.
Depending on the various circumstances that characterize a problem situation, the same problem can be solved both with the help of imagination and with the help of thinking. There is reason to conclude that imagination works at that stage of cognition when the uncertainty of the situation is very great. The more familiar, precise and defined a situation becomes, the less scope it gives for imagination. It is quite obvious that for that area of phenomena where the basic laws have been clarified, there is no need to use the imagination. However, if you have very approximate information about the situation, on the contrary, it is difficult to get an answer with the help of thinking - this is where fantasy comes into play.
The value of imagination lies in the fact that it allows you to make decisions and find a way out in a problem situation, even in the absence of the necessary completeness of knowledge that is necessary for1 thinking. Fantasy allows you to “jump” over certain stages of thinking and still imagine the end result. But this is also the weakness of this solution to the problem. The solutions outlined by imagination are often insufficiently precise and lax. | However The need to exist and act in an environment with incomplete information led to the emergence of the human imagination. Since there will always be unexplored areas in the world around us, this apparatus of imagination will always be useful.
Types of imagination. Imagination is characterized by activity and effectiveness. At the same time, the apparatus of imagination can be and is used not only as a condition for the creative activity of the individual, aimed at transforming the environment. Imagination in some circumstances can act as replacement of activities, her surrogate. In this case, a person temporarily retreats into the realm of fantastic ideas, far from reality, in order to hide from tasks that seem insoluble to him, from the need to act, from difficult living conditions, from the consequences of his mistakes, etc. Having created the image of Manilov, N.V. Gogol generally depicted people who, in fruitless daydreaming, see a convenient opportunity to escape from activity. Here fantasy creates images that are not realized, outlines programs of behavior that are not implemented and often cannot be implemented. This form of imagination is called passive imagination.
A person can cause passive imagination deliberately: this kind images of fantasy, deliberately evoked, but not associated with the will aimed at bringing them into reality, are called dreams. All people tend to dream about something joyful, pleasant, and tempting. In dreams, the connection between fantasy products and needs is easily revealed. But if dreams predominate in a person’s imaginative processes, then this is a defect in the development of personality, it indicates its passivity. If a person is passive, if he does not fight for a better future, but real life If his life is difficult and joyless, he often creates for himself an illusory, fictitious life, where his needs are fully satisfied, where he succeeds in everything, where he occupies a position that he cannot hope for at the present time and in real life.
Passive imagination can also occur unintentionally. This occurs mainly when the controlling role of consciousness is weakened, during temporary inactivity of a person, in a half-asleep state, in a state of passion, in sleep (dreams), in pathological disorders of consciousness (hallucinations), etc.
If passive imagination can be divided into intentional and unintentional, then active imagination can be creative and re-creative.
Imagination, which is based on the creation of images that correspond to the description, is called recreating. When reading both educational and fiction literature, when studying geographical maps And historical descriptions It constantly turns out that it is necessary to recreate with the help of imagination what is depicted in these books, maps and stories.
Many schoolchildren skip or skim through descriptions of nature, characteristics of an interior or city landscape, or a verbal portrait of a character in books. As a result, they do not provide food for the reconstructive imagination and extremely impoverish the artistic perception and emotional development of their personality - their imagination does not have time to unfold bright and colorful pictures in front of them. The study of geographical maps serves as a unique school of reconstructive imagination. The habit of wandering around the map and imagining various places helps to see them correctly in reality. Spatial imagination, necessary when studying stereometry, develops by carefully examining drawings and natural volumetric bodies from different angles.
Creative imagination , in contrast to recreating, involves the independent creation of new images that are realized in original and valuable products of activity. The creative imagination that arises in work remains an integral part of technical, artistic and any other creativity, taking the form of an active and purposeful operation of visual ideas in search of ways to satisfy needs.
The value of the human personality largely depends on what types of imagination predominate in its structure. If in a teenager and young man the creative imagination, realized in specific activities, prevails over passive, empty daydreaming, then this indicates high level personality development.
Analytical-synthetic nature of imagination processes. Having established the function that imagination performs in human activity, it is necessary to further consider the processes by which the construction of fantasy images is carried out and to clarify their structure.
How do fantasy images arise that orient a person in his practical and creative activities, and what is their structure? Imagination processes have analytical-synthetic nature, as well as the processes of perception, memory, and thinking. Already in perception and memory, analysis makes it possible to isolate and preserve some general, essential features of an object and discard unimportant ones. This analysis ends with synthesis - the creation of a kind of standard, with the help of which the identification of those objects is carried out that, with all changes, do not go beyond a certain measure of similarity. Analysis and synthesis in the imagination have a different direction and reveal other tendencies during the active process of operating with images.
Main Memory Trend - renewal of images as close as possible to the standard, those. ultimately approaching an exact copy of a situation that once took place in behavior, or an object that was perceived, understood, realized. The main tendency of the imagination is the transformation of ideas (images), which ultimately ensures the creation of a model of a situation that is obviously new and has not previously arisen. Both tendencies are relative: we recognize our friend many years later, although his features, clothes, even his voice have noticeably changed, and in the same way, in any new image created by fantasy, the features of the famous appear.
When characterizing imagination from the perspective of its mechanisms, it is necessary to emphasize that its essence is the process of transforming ideas, creating new images based on existing ones. Imagination, fantasy is a reflection of reality in new, unexpected, unusual combinations and connections. Even if you come up with something completely extraordinary, then upon careful examination it will turn out that all the elements from which the fiction was formed were taken from life, drawn from past experience, and are the results of a deliberate analysis of countless facts. In relation to the imagination involved in artistic creativity, this position can be illustrated by the statement of K. Paustovsky:
“Every minute, every casually thrown word or glance, every deep or humorous thought, every imperceptible movement of the human heart, just like the flying fluff of a poplar or the fire of a star in a night puddle - all these are grains of gold dust. We, writers, have been extracting them for decades, these millions of grains of sand, collecting them unnoticed by ourselves, turning them into an alloy and then forging from this alloy our “golden rose” - a story, novel or poem.”
The synthesis of ideas in the processes of imagination is carried out in various forms (Fig. 17).
The most elementary form of image synthesis is agglutination - involves “gluing together” different, in Everyday life unconnected qualities, properties, parts. Many fairy-tale images are constructed through agglutination (a mermaid, a hut on chicken legs. Pegasus, a centaur, etc.), it is also used in technical creativity (for example, an amphibious tank combining the qualities of a tank and a boat, an accordion - a combination of a piano and a button accordion) .
The form of transformation of the agglutination representation is close hyperbolization, which is characterized not only by increasing or decreasing the subject(a giant - huge as a mountain and a boy as big as a finger), but also changing the number of parts of an object and their displacement: multi-armed goddesses in Indian mythology, dragons with seven heads, etc.
A possible way to create a fantasy image is sharpening, emphasizing any features. Using this technique, friendly cartoons and evil caricatures are created (Fig. 18). In the event that the ideas from which the fantasy image is constructed merge, the differences are smoothed out, and similarities come to the fore, the image schematized. Good example schematization - the artist’s creation of an ornament, the elements of which are taken from flora. Finally, the synthesis of representation in the imagination can be achieved using typing, widely used in fiction, sculpture, painting, which are characterized by highlighting the essential, repeated in homogeneous facts and embodying them in a specific image.
Flow creative process involves the emergence of many associations (however, their actualization differs from what is observed in memory processes). The direction that the course of associations takes turns out to be subordinated to the needs and motives of creativity. In the diary of S.A. Tolstoy has a record that sheds light on the specifics of the selection of associations in the process of Leo Tolstoy’s creative imagination: “Now L.N. Tolstoy told me how ideas for the novel came to him: “I’m sitting downstairs in my office and looking at the white silk stitching on the sleeve of my robe, which is very beautiful. And I think about how it comes to people’s heads to invent all the patterns, trims, embroideries; and that there is a whole world women's work, fashion, considerations by which women live. That it should be a lot of fun, and I understand that women can love it and do it. And, of course, now my thoughts (that is, thoughts for the novel) are Anna... And suddenly this line gave me a whole chapter. Anna is deprived of these joys of doing this feminine side life, because she is alone, all the women have turned their backs on her, and she has no one to talk to about everything that constitutes an ordinary, purely female circle of activities."
Specific feature creative imagination lies in the fact that it deviates from the usual course of associations, subordinating it to those emotions, thoughts, aspirations that currently prevail in the artist’s psyche. And although the mechanism of associations remains the same (associations by similarity, contiguity or contrast), the selection of ideas is determined precisely by these determining tendencies. What associations does the sign of the “Watch Repair” workshop evoke, for example? The following statements were recorded: “Watch repair... My watch has been in need of cleaning for a long time, it’s lagging... I need to come here sometime”; “Watch repair... We have a watch workshop in the microdistrict, but the shoe shop still won’t open,” etc. But then the poet’s gaze fell on the same sign, and as a result a poem appears, where a chain of associations is drawn out, the cause of which turns out to be an external impression (in this case, a sign), passed through the filter of the corresponding emotional state: “Repairing watches, repairing minutes, repairing weeks , month,” the poet associates and asks: “Repair me for a year - it has not lived properly.” This unusual course of associations, which disrupts the actualization of habitual connections, is a very significant aspect of creative imagination.
1 Paustovsky K. Golden Rose // Collection. cit.: In 6 volumes - M.: Goslitizdat, 1957. - T. 2. - P. 498.
2 Diaries of Sofia Andreevna Tolstoy (1860-1891). - M., 1928. - P. 36.
Psychological essence of imagination. As a subject of action, a person not only contemplates and cognizes, but also changes the world, transforms nature, creates objects that do not exist in it. But a person would not be able to do all this if he did not clearly imagine the result of his actions. To transform the world in practice, you must be able to transform it mentally, in imagination.
Imagination is a mental process as a result of which a person creates an image in his mind that does not yet exist in reality. The basis for creating such an image is the past experience that a person receives by interacting with objective reality. Thus, imagination is the process of transforming ideas that reflect reality, and creating new ideas on this basis. Like any mental process, imagination reflects:
ñ something that exists, but is inaccessible for some reason;
- something that happened, but which a person could not witness;
ñ something that does not exist, but that can be;
- what will never come true will not happen.
Thus, in the imagination, a person goes beyond the real world in time and space; can connect and separate the indecomposable and incompatible; can move things, events, processes from the present to the future, to the past, from one space to another.
Imagination arose in the process of labor - a specifically human activity, due to the existence of a need to transform objects of the real world. For example, having before his eyes a tool of labor that was not entirely perfect in its characteristics and properties, a person could imagine another tool that corresponds to his idea of what is necessary to perform this or that labor operation. But then, in the course of the historical development of man, the activity of the imagination began to manifest itself not only in work, but also in the fantasies and dreams of man, that is, in images that could not be created in practice at the moment. appeared extremely complex shapes imagination necessary in scientific, technical and artistic creativity. However, even in these cases, imagination appears as the result of the transformation of our ideas obtained from reality.
The process of imagination occurs in inextricable connection with memory and thinking. If a person is faced with the task of reproducing representations of things and events that were previously in his experience, we are talking about memory processes. But if the same ideas are reproduced in order to create a new combination of these ideas or create new ideas from them, we talk about the activity of the imagination. Images of the imagination are created only by processing individual aspects of a person’s existing images of reality.
Imagination plays an important role in human mental activity, because a certain processing of images of reality occurs even in the simplest version of reproduction. Thus, when imagining any object or event, we are very often unable to reproduce the corresponding facts in all detail and with all the details. However, things and events are reproduced not in the form of incoherent fragments or scattered frames, but in their integrity and continuity. Consequently, a kind of processing of the material occurs, expressed in the replenishment of ideas with the necessary details, i.e. in the process of reproduction, the activity of our imagination begins to manifest itself. To a much greater extent, the activity of imagination is present in the formation of images of objects or phenomena that we have never perceived. This is how ideas about natural areas, where we have never been, or ideas about the image of a literary hero.
Imagination is closely related to human emotions. Imagining what you want can evoke positive feelings in a person, and in certain situations, a dream about a happy future can bring a person out of extremely negative states, allowing him to escape from the situation of the present moment, analyze what is happening and rethink the significance of the situation for the future. Consequently, imagination plays a very significant role in regulating our behavior.
Imagination is also connected with the implementation of our volitional actions, being present in any form of our labor activity. Before we create anything, we need to have an idea of what we are creating. Moreover, the further we move away from mechanical labor and approach creative activity, the more the importance of our imagination increases.
Physiological basis imagination is the actualization of nervous connections, their disintegration, regrouping and unification into new systems. In this way, images arise that do not coincide with previous experience, but are not divorced from it. The complexity, unpredictability of imagination, its connection with emotions give reason to assume that its physiological mechanisms are associated not only with the cortex, but also with deeper structures of the brain. In particular, the hypothalamic-limbic system plays a major role here.
Imagination, due to the characteristics of the physiological systems responsible for it, is to a certain extent associated with the regulation of organic processes and movement, influencing many organic processes (the functioning of the glands, the activity of internal organs, metabolism in the body, etc.). Imagination influences a person’s motor functions (as soon as we imagine that we are running along a stadium track during a competition, the instruments will register subtle contractions of the corresponding muscle groups).
Thus, imagination plays a significant role both in the regulation of the processes of the human body and in the regulation of its motivated behavior.
Types of imagination. Depending on the degree of activity and awareness of a person’s creation of new images, such types of imagination as passive and active are distinguished. Active imagination, in turn, is divided into recreating and creative. And passive imagination - intentional and unintentional.
This division is partly relative, since each of these types contains elements of the other. The processes of imagination, like thinking, memory and perception, are of an analytical-synthetic nature. The main tendency of the imagination is the transformation of memory representations, which ultimately ensures the creation of an obviously new, previously never encountered situation.
Active imagination- creation of new images through volitional efforts. It represents the deliberate construction of images in connection with a consciously set task in one or another type of activity. Active imagination includes dreams and fantasies. Active imagination, in turn, is divided into creative and reconstructive (reproductive) imagination.
Recreating Imagination- imagination that develops on the basis of a description, story, drawing, diagram, symbol or sign. It is based on the creation of certain images that correspond to the description. A person fills the source material with the images he has. It occurs in cases where a person, based on one description, must imagine an object that he has never perceived before. For example, he has never seen the sea, but after reading its description in a book, he can imagine the sea in more or less vivid and complete images.
Creative imagination- imagination, which involves the independent creation of an image, thing, sign that has no analogues, new, implemented in original and valuable products of activity; an integral part of technical, artistic and other creativity. In this case, they differ: objective novelty- if the images and ideas are original and do not repeat anything existing in the experience of other people; subjective novelty- if they repeat previously created ones, but for this person are new and original.
Passive imagination- imagination, characterized by the creation of images that are not brought to life and are not realized or cannot be realized at all. In this case, imagination acts as a replacement for activity, its surrogate, because of which a person refuses the need to act. It consists in the emergence and combination of ideas and their elements into new ideas without a specific intention on the part of a person, with a weakening of conscious control on his part over the course of his ideas. It appears most clearly in dreams or in a half-asleep, drowsy state, when ideas arise spontaneously, replace, combine and change on their own, sometimes taking on the most fantastic forms.
Intentional imagination- imagination, creating images (dreams, daydreaming) associated with the will, which contributes to their implementation.
Unintentional imagination- imagination, observed when the activity of consciousness weakens, with its disorders, in a half-asleep state, in a dream.
Imagination (fantasy)* is a mental process that consists of creating new images based on data from past experience. Like thinking, imagination belongs to higher cognitive processes; it arose in the process of work and is characteristic only of humans.
* In the psychological literature, the concepts of “imagination” and “fantasy” are considered synonymous.
In human life, imagination performs a number of specific functions. Thanks to imagination, his cognitive capabilities expand significantly. Imagination is a necessary condition for search creative activity. This promotes mental focus and increases the intensity of attention. Therefore, they talk about the cognitive function of imagination. Imagination also performs an anticipatory function in cognition and activity. This is manifested in anticipation of the result of any action. Almost all human material and spiritual culture is a product of the imagination. It takes a person beyond the limits of his momentary existence, reminds him of the past, and opens up the future.
The regulatory function of the imagination lies in the fact that it creates a certain mood of the individual about what should happen and orients a person in the process of activity - creates a mental model of the final or intermediate product of labor, which contributes to at least partial satisfaction of many needs and the removal of the tension generated by them .
Imagination is most closely connected with cognitive mental processes and the personality as a whole. Its specificity lies in the processing of past experience, preserved in the form of ideas and concepts. And in this regard, it is inextricably linked with memory processes and transforms what is in memory.
Imagination is closely interconnected with the process of perception. It is included in perception, influences the creation of images of perceived objects and at the same time itself depends on it. By being included in perception, it enriches new images and makes them more productive. Thus, the perception of works of art becomes more meaningful and emotional when imagination is involved in it.
Imagination plays a significant role in drawing up a plan and program for upcoming actions. The planning and programming function allows a person to create, intelligently direct and manage activities. Imagination acts as a necessary element of human creative activity, expressed in the construction of images of the products of labor in cases where the situation is characterized by uncertainty.
Imagination also plays a huge role in transforming the reality around us, performing the most important control and corrective function. Based on the activity of the imagination, a person can foresee the course of certain events, changes in phenomena, the course of a process, he can expect the result of his actions, deeds, and in verbal communication- what impact his statement will have on the interlocutor, and what the interlocutor will say and do. If necessary, the activity of the imagination can be aimed at the ability to notice errors and correct them.
And finally, one cannot fail to note the emotional function of the imagination. It enhances the emotional tone of the individual, improves mood, and causes uplift. With the help of imagination, a person can at least partially satisfy many needs and relieve tension. This is especially evident in the work of people in creative professions - artists, painters. For successful pedagogical activity, this function of imagination is of paramount importance.
Imagination is closely related to thinking. Like thinking, it allows you to foresee the future. Imagination is the basis of visual-figurative thinking, which allows a person to navigate a situation and solve problems without the direct intervention of practical actions. Both thinking and imagination arise in a problem situation, are motivated by the needs of the individual, and are based on anticipatory reflection. But the anticipatory reflection of reality, carried out in the process of imagination, occurs in the form of vivid ideas, while the anticipatory reflection in the processes of thinking occurs by operating with concepts that allow a generalized and indirect knowledge of the environment. The above indicates that the activity of imagination is very close to thinking. These processes are closely interconnected. But these are different mental processes. The task of the imagination is to transform the past into the new. The task of thinking is generalized and indirect cognition, based on establishing connections between objects and phenomena. The activity of the imagination depends on the general orientation of the individual. Of particular importance in the creation of his images is the worldview, the general orientation of the individual towards their objective embodiment. Through imagination, a person gains the opportunity to control perception, memory, and utterance. Thus, it acquires an incentive value, contributing to the intensification of activity.