Under the influence of various external and internal factors, the muscle fibers of the visual apparatus can become inflamed. Myositis of the eye muscles is manifested by pain in the orbital area, swelling of the eyelids, and protrusion of the eyeballs. In advanced cases, optic nerve atrophy and blindness develop. Treatment includes medications, physical therapy, and, if necessary, surgery.

Etiology and pathogenesis of the disease

The oculomotor muscles become inflamed due to exposure to various toxic substances and other unfavorable factors. Most often, the lesion is unilateral, but there are also cases of inflammation in both eyes. The disease mainly affects men over 30 years of age who lead a sedentary lifestyle, have a sedentary job and spend long periods of time in front of a computer monitor.

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Symptoms of eye myositis

With an infectious or traumatic etiology of inflammation of the muscles of the eyeball, the symptoms appear sharply and vividly, some time after the injury, and the disease rapidly progresses. If damage to the oculomotor muscles is caused by hypothermia, excess tension or an autoimmune disorder, the symptoms are not as intense as in the acute form, but the course of the pathology is protracted, with frequent exacerbations. Ocular myositis is manifested by the following symptoms:

• severe bursting pain in the eyes, which intensifies when trying to move them;
• feeling of muscle weakness;
• swollen eyelids and conjunctiva;
• narrowing of the palpebral fissure;
• lacrimation;
• photophobia;
• outward displacement of the eyeballs - exophthalmos;
• poor eye mobility;
• headache from the affected area;
• temperature increase.

The duration of manifestations of the acute form of the pathology is about 6 weeks, and the chronic form is more than 2 months.

Complications

Inattention to the manifestations of myositis of the eye muscles and lack of timely treatment threatens dangerous consequences. Inflamed tissue is irreversibly replaced by scars, which leads to the muscle losing its functionality. In many patients, intraocular pressure increases and it is difficult to reduce it with medications. The inflammatory process can spread to nearby eye tissues. The chronic form leads to myopathy, which is manifested by weakening of the muscles and their replacement with fibrous tissue. The most dangerous complications are optic nerve atrophy and progressive loss of vision. Both conditions result in complete blindness.

Diagnosis of pathology

If you experience discomfort in your eyes, you should consult an ophthalmologist. The doctor will talk with the patient, examine the affected eye and check visual acuity. After this, the patient is sent for additional examination, which includes a number of the following procedures:

• serological studies that are carried out when the disease is infectious;
• CT or MRI;
• measurement of intraocular pressure;
• gonioscopy - examination of the anterior chamber of the eyes;
• biomicroscopy - study of the structures of the visual apparatus using a microscope;
• ophthalmoscopy;
• electromyography.

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How is ocular myositis treated?

After the diagnosis identifies the causes of inflammation of the eye muscles, therapeutic measures are prescribed. Etiotropic treatment is indicated only in cases of infectious origin of the disease, and in other situations symptomatic treatment is used. Conservative therapy includes various medications, and for traumatic injuries surgery, restoring the structure of damaged muscle fibers. To treat ocular myositis, the following methods are used:

• Antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action in the form of subcutaneous injections in the lower eyelid area.
• NSAIDs to relieve pain and inflammation.
• Angioprotectors that strengthen the walls of blood vessels and prevent the development of retinal pathologies.
• Hormonal agents. They are used in cases of severe disease and the absence of a positive result from taking NSAIDs.
• Radiotherapy. It is used when classical treatment methods are insufficiently effective and to prevent recurrent disease.
• Physiotherapy, including electrophoresis with drugs, thermal procedures, massage.
• Osmotherapy is the introduction of hypertonic solutions to change the pressure of the internal environment.

For 3 months after completion of the treatment course, the patient should be regularly monitored by an ophthalmologist.

Predictions and prevention

With timely initiation of therapy, the functionality of the eye muscles can be completely restored. If the disease has become chronic, the patient must regularly undergo preventive courses of treatment to avoid relapses and complications. In severe cases and advanced pathology, the prognosis is unfavorable. Most often, patients completely lose vision or their eye muscles atrophy.

To prevent orbital myositis, you need to follow the rules of visual hygiene when working at a computer for long periods of time, avoid drafts and strong cooling. When working in production, you should always wear eye protection - glasses, masks. Women are advised to carefully and thoroughly remove decorative cosmetics every day, and also not to allow it to come into contact with the eyes when applying. All ophthalmological pathologies must be treated immediately.

Ocular myositis is a rare disease in which one or more of the outer muscles becomes inflamed. Often the process is accompanied by painful sensations, photophobia, limited movement of the eyeballs, etc. In this article we will consider whether there are modern methods treatment of myositis.

Inflammation of the eye muscle is not a serious disease, but it requires timely treatment, as it can cause complications such as ophthalmopathy (damage to the tissue of the eye socket), blurred vision, etc.

The acute form of the disease is characterized by rapid development immediately after muscle injury or the occurrence of an infectious disease. The chronic form of inflammation can occur due to overexertion or sudden changes in weather conditions.

Previously, traditional methods were used to treat myositis, such as lubricating the eye with fat, lotions made from crushed chamomile flowers, rubbing with a mixture based on bay leaves, etc. Currently, there are more effective methods with predictable results. Therapy is determined individually and depends on the nature of the disease.

Modern methods of treating myositis

• physiotherapy (warming, diathermy, diadynamics);
• physical therapy (performing special exercises aimed at strengthening muscles);
• massage (suitable for any form of illness, except inflammatory and purulent);
• taking painkillers, anti-inflammatory and vascular drugs;
• protein diet (usually combined with other methods).

Drugs such as Prednisone, Prednisolone, Dexamethasone and Triamcinolone have a good effect during the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases. To prevent the occurrence of myositis, experts recommend correct and timely treatment of colds and infectious diseases.

Ocular myositis is a disease during which one or more of the outer eye muscles become inflamed. This is a rare disease, most often affecting one eye. Young people and middle-aged people get sick. Men get sick more often. This disease develops in people whose work is sedentary (this is the work of representatives of the music industry, people associated with working on computers).

Be vigilant - if the disease is not cured in time, there may be various kinds of complications. No one is talking about surgical intervention, but it is quite possible that you will have to go to hospital for inpatient treatment, especially if complications begin with areas of the body that are located on the face.

Remember, everyone may need first aid. Always contact experienced professionals for any changes on your face.

Myositis of the eye - what affects it and how?

If we talk about the course of the disease, then all inflammatory processes can be acute or chronic.

Depending on the distribution, myositis can be local or diffuse.

Diffuse forms of the disease or polymyositis are usually not characterized by intense pain. It is more characterized by a gradual increase in weakness, accompanied by swelling of the affected areas. Also, joints that are nearby may be involved in the process. This can lead to arthritis.

What are the symptoms of ocular muscle myositis?

There are main symptoms of myositis that accompany any of its forms and types. Usually the muscles hurt. Increased discomfort occurs when weather conditions change, as well as at night. There are also the following symptoms: muscle areas involved in the inflammatory process become tense, joints are limited in movement. Muscles hurt more.

Myositis of the eyes can be acute exophthalmic, chronic oligosymptomatic. There are also neuromyositis. All these factors, if not addressed, will lead to very serious pain.

The first one is the most common. It is characterized by special symptoms. The onset is acute, when the eye moves, there is prodromal tenderness. This form is also distinguished by other symptoms; it is distinguished by a person’s photophobia, and there may be tearfulness. The latter are joined by exophthalmos; they appear due to thickening of inflamed muscles. The more muscles involved in the process, the more strongly they are expressed.

The mobility of the eyeballs towards the diseased muscles is painful and limited. Perifocal edema makes it difficult for him to move into the orbit. Eye irritation leads to the appearance of chemosis, ptosis, and periorbital pain. They affect what is called a condition called myopathic painful exophthalmos.

Most often, symptoms are mild. After a couple of weeks, the symptoms disappear. If the course of exophthalmic myositis is sluggish, then it can be considered an orbital tumor, since the radiograph shows an orbital darkening.

In the second form of inflammation of the eye muscles, the symptoms are not very pronounced (breaking pain, the presence of diplopia, paresis of the eye muscles). The process is slow.

Ocular neuromyositis is characterized by acute bilateral exophthalmos, eyelid edema, chemosis, and multiple paralysis of the eye muscles.

How to cure eye myositis?

Diagnosing this disease is not difficult. A specialist can make an accurate diagnosis using the patient’s medical history.

To see a detailed picture, you can undergo electromyography. In this way, the patient’s bioelectric impulses are examined. Still for rent general analysis blood so that the inflammatory process can be detected.

Before determining treatment methods, in each individual situation, the specialist becomes familiar with the nature of the disease or similar unpleasant sensations.

The treatment of myositis itself is divided into pathogenetic and symptomatic. Pathogenetic treatment deals with curing the cause of the disease. Symptomatic treatment alleviates the patient's condition.

Among the main methods for the treatment of eye myositis are:

• physiotherapy treatment;
• physical therapy treatment;
• massage (suitable for any form of disease, if the form of the disease is not purulent);
• protein diet treatment;
• treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs;
• treatment with medications (painkillers and vascular drugs).

Prednisolone, Prednisone, Triamcinolone or Dexamethasone have a good effect during the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases. When the disease is severe, in addition to steroids, it is recommended to use salicylates (to make a person sweat when they wrap him up), Amidopyrine, Butadione, and physiotherapy (diathermy, diadynamics).

To avoid re-development of myositis, the infectious focus should be sanitized and the body should be hardened.

Let's summarize the disease

To prevent myositis, every person should take good care of their health. Don't forget to pay attention to your body. All this will be useful in eliminating a number of factors. These are factors that can contribute to the appearance of such inflammation. Otherwise, the disease can have very serious consequences for the body (muscles can simply atrophy).

Muscles should not be overstrained when performing any work. The same applies to situations where physical activity takes place (sports, for example). Hypothermia must be avoided. Drafts are undesirable. Work should not be performed in cold rooms. Optimal temperatures should be maintained.

Experts recommend treating colds and infections correctly and in a timely manner. This will also prevent the disease. Do not neglect the doctor's instructions. By contacting specialists on time, you can begin effective treatment. Then treating the disease will be simpler and easier. Recovery will come quickly.

Eye- one of the most complex organs of the human body in its structure. It includes a range of anatomical and physiological entities, each of which can be susceptible to many different diseases. Accordingly, in medical science it is customary to divide pathologies characteristic of our visual analyzer.

Skin diseases around the eyes and eyelids

Demodicosis

This eye disease is much more common in adults than in early age. In elderly people, demodex is detected in almost 90% of cases, and in children it is found extremely rarely.

dysfunction of the sebaceous glands;

changes in the composition of sebum;

liver diseases. gastrointestinal tract, nervous system;

dysfunction of the endocrine glands.

Typically, lesions are localized on the face, especially around the eyes, on the eyelids, and also near the mouth and nose.

Characteristic symptoms

redness;

peeling;

rashes of an inflammatory or blistering nature;

blepharitis.

Demodicosis is chronic, characterized by periodic exacerbations in the spring and autumn. Its therapy is quite long and effective only with strict adherence to all personal hygiene measures to prevent re-infection. Treatment is carried out by a dermatologist, usually on an outpatient basis. It includes the use of specific external agents in combination with the ingestion of quinoline drugs and antihistamines.

Coloboma

Coloboma of the eyelid is a segmental defect of the eyelid, involving all its layers. In most cases, it is a congenital disorder, but can also develop as a result of injury or complications. It occurs more often on the upper eyelids, although sometimes it affects the lower eyelids as well. Usually the defect has the shape of a triangle, the base of which is located at the ciliary edge of the eyelid. Since the defect covers all layers of the eyelid, there are no glands and eyelashes in the area of ​​the coloboma.

This disease poses a very serious danger to the eye, as it often leads to secondary diseases of the organs of vision. such as keratitis or corneal dystrophy.

The most effective method of treatment is surgery, which consists of excision of the coloboma and moving a musculocutaneous flap to the site of the defect. With the help of such plastic surgery, a physiological edge of the eyelid is formed, which prevents the development of complications, as well as ptosis or entropion.

Ankyloblepharon

This pathology is characterized by partial or complete fusion of the edges of the eyelids. This disease can be either congenital or acquired, resulting from scarring on the edges of the eyelids due to injury or burns. Treatment of the pathology is surgical.

Ptosis

Ptosis is an abnormally low position of the upper eyelids in relation to the eyeballs. This pathology can be congenital or acquired.

Causes of ptosis

damage to the oculomotor nerve ( in such cases, ptosis accompanies paralysis of the muscles of the eyeball, which is manifested by double vision in the eyes and dilation of the pupil);

Horner's syndrome, which is accompanied by a lack of sweating on the affected side and constriction of the pupil;

severe muscle pathologies, which manifest themselves as weakness and increased fatigue;

isolated lesion of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle;

many neurological diseases ( strokes. encephalitis, etc.).

Treatment of this disease is predominantly surgical with mandatory treatment of the underlying pathology.

Turn of the century

When the eyelid turns in, its free edge turns towards the eyeball. The cause of the development of pathology is spastic or convulsive contractions of any part of the orbicularis oculi muscle. In addition, this may be a consequence of scar tightening of the conjunctiva and cartilage of the eyelid, which occurs in some chronic eye diseases, for example, trachoma.

With entropion or entropion, the eyelashes rub against the surface of the conjunctiva and cornea, which quickly leads to irritation, redness of the eye and profuse lacrimation. Most effective method treatment of entropion - surgical.

Eversion of the century

When the edge of the eyelid turns outward, it is called ectropion. It may be small ( the eyelid simply does not fit tightly to the eyeball or droops a little), and may have significant severity ( the conjunctiva turns out in some area or throughout the entire century, gradually dries and enlarges).

The lacrimal punctum also moves away from the eye along with the eyelid - this leads to damage to the skin around the eye and lacrimation. Failure to close the palpebral fissure can lead to the development of various infectious diseases and keratitis with clouding of the cornea.

Causes of ectropion

age-related changes in which the lower eyelid droops due to weakening of the eye muscles;

paralysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle ( paralytic and spastic ectropion);

tightening of the skin of the eyelids after burns, injuries, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc. ( cicatricial eversion).

For spastic inversion, therapy is used to treat its cause. For other types of ectropion, surgical intervention is indicated.

Blepharitis

Blepharitis is a marginal inflammation of the eyelids.

Causes of blepharitis

chronic allergic and infectious diseases;

viral infections;

anemia;

lack of vitamins;

diseases of the digestive tract, teeth and nasopharynx;

untreated vision pathologies.

The main causative agent of the infectious nature of the disease is Staphylococcus aureus. Also, the development of blepharitis contributes to constant irritation of the eye by dust, smoke and wind. The pathological condition, as a rule, occurs with persistent decreases in immunity. In addition, as a result of contact with the eyelids or eyes cosmetics irritating the skin, or due to the intake of certain medicines Allergic blepharitis may develop.

Symptoms of blepharitis

In mild cases, the edges of the eyelids become red, slightly swollen and covered at the roots of the eyelashes with small gray-white scales that are easily separated. Patients complain of a feeling of heaviness in the eyelids, itching under the eyelashes and their loss. The eyes water, get tired very quickly, are sensitive to bright light, wind, dust, etc. In more severe cases, purulent crusts form along the edges of the eyelids, and when separated, small bleeding ulcers are exposed. Their scarring can lead to deformation of the eyelids and abnormal growth of eyelashes, which can even grow towards the eye. Eyelashes become thin, sparse, and fall out easily. Sometimes the disease may not cause the formation of ulcers and scales. In this case, the reddened edges of the eyelids will be thickened and moisturized, and when pressure is applied to the cartilage, an oily secretion will be released.

Treatment of blepharitis

With ulcerative blepharitis, it is necessary to carefully observe eyelid hygiene. Discharge and crusts are removed with a damp cotton swab. If the crusts are rough, they must first be softened with wet lotions or ointments containing corticosteroids and antibiotics.

With seborrheic blepharitis, it is also necessary to monitor eyelid hygiene. In addition, hydrocortisone ointment and eye drops are used ( ophtagel).

For demodectic blepharitis, the main goal of therapy is to reduce the level of mite damage. The eyelids should be wiped twice a day with a swab containing saline solution. The edges of the eyelids are lubricated with hydrocortisone and dexagentamicin ointment. It is important that the edges of the eyelids are covered with ointment before going to bed - this will disrupt the life cycle of the mites.

In the treatment of allergic blepharitis, the first place is to eliminate the allergen. In addition, therapy includes long-term use of antiallergic eye drops and lubrication of the edges of the eyelids with corticosteroid ointment. For infectious-allergic blepharitis, use dexagentamicin ointment or maxitrol.

Abscess of the century

An eyelid abscess is a limited inflammation of the eyelid tissue with the formation of a cavity in it that is filled with pus.

Most often, an abscess develops as a consequence of an infected eyelid wound.

Causes of eyelid abscess

barley;

boils;

ulcerative blepharitis;

purulent processes in the orbit of the eye and paranasal sinuses.

With an abscess, the eyelid is swollen, painful, the skin is red, hot to the touch and tense. Gradually, the affected area begins to acquire a yellowish tint, and a softening area appears. The abscess can open spontaneously with the release of pus - in this case, the inflammatory phenomena subside, but often a fistula remains, which indicates that the source of inflammation has not yet been eliminated. For treatment, sulfonamides and antibiotics are prescribed, as well as sulfadimethoxine orally. In addition, when the abscess begins to soften, it is better to surgically open it under sterile conditions.

Trichiasis

Trichiasis is the name given to abnormal growth and placement of eyelashes, which occurs as a result of ulcerative blepharitis, trachoma and other pathologies. The eyelashes are directed towards the eye, irritating the cornea and conjunctiva, which causes inflammation. The main method of treatment is surgical.

Swelling of the eyelid

Swelling of the eyelid is caused by an abnormal increase in fluid content in its subcutaneous tissue.

Edema is caused by:

The development of eyelid edema is facilitated by the high extensibility of the skin in this area, the rich blood supply to the eyelids, the very loose structure of the subcutaneous tissue, as well as its ability to accumulate fluid.

Clinically, inflammatory edema is manifested by a local increase in temperature. pronounced redness of the skin and pain when touched. Most often such swelling is one-sided. Pain and enlargement of the lymph nodes are sometimes noted. With non-inflammatory edema, the skin of the eyelids is “cold”, pale, and palpation of the eyelid is painless. In these cases, the swelling is usually bilateral, more pronounced in the morning and often combined with swelling of the legs or abdomen.

Allergic edema is usually significantly pronounced, develops suddenly, is not accompanied by pain and quickly disappears. Its occurrence is often preceded by a feeling of weakness, headache and increased fatigue. The reason for the development of such edema is an allergic reaction of the body to any irritants.

Barley

Barley is an acute purulent inflammation of the sebaceous gland located near the ciliary bulb or hair follicle of the eyelash. Internal barley is also distinguished, caused by inflammation of the meibomian gland lobule ( meibomite).

Most often, stye on the eye is caused by a bacterial infection ( in 90% of cases it is Staphylococcus aureus) with weakened immunity in patients with reduced resistance to various infections. Often barley occurs against the background of a cold. inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, tonsillitis. dental diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, helminthic infestations, furunculosis, diabetes mellitus.

Symptoms of both forms of stye are swelling and inflammation of the eyelid margin, redness and soreness. In the initial stages, a painful point appears on the edge of the eyelid or on the eyelid itself from the side of the conjunctiva due to inflammation of the sebaceous gland. Then, swelling and redness of the skin and conjunctiva appear around this point. After two to three days, a yellow “head” of barley appears in this area, and when opened, pus and sometimes pieces of tissue are released. The disease can be recurrent.

Treatment of stye at the beginning of the process involves wetting the area of ​​the painful point on the eyelid with 70% ethyl alcohol 3 to 5 times a day. In many cases, this makes it possible to stop the further development of the pathology. For already formed barley, antibiotics and sulfa drugs in the form of ointments and drops, dry heat and UHF therapy are used. If body temperature and symptoms of general malaise begin to increase, then antibiotics are also prescribed orally. For barley, it is not recommended to use compresses or wet lotions, as they contribute to the spread of infection.

With meibomitis, inflammation does not develop so acutely, and the internal barley is opened more often into the conjunctival sac. But in some cases, after it a pathology called chalazion develops.

Chalazion

A chalazion is a cyst of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid, resulting from a blockage of its duct caused by chronic inflammation of the surrounding tissues. In such cases, the contents of the gland turn into a jelly-like mass, and on the eyelid you can feel a dense formation the size of a small pea. The skin in this place is mobile and raised, and on the side of the conjunctiva there is an area of ​​redness with a grayish zone in the very center.

Causes of chalazion

effects of barley;

decreased protective functions of the body;

colds;

hypothermia;

violations of personal hygiene rules;

prolonged wearing of uncomfortable contact lenses;

very oily skin;

increased production of the sebaceous gland.

For treatment in the early stages, bactericidal drops and ointments with antibiotics are used. The radical method is the surgical method. On an outpatient basis, under local anesthesia, a special clamp is applied to the eyelid, and the contents of the chalazion are removed through an incision in the skin or conjunctiva along with the capsule. The entire operation takes only a few minutes.

Lagophthalmos

Lagophthalmos is a condition of incomplete closure of the palpebral fissure. It develops against the background of neuritis. after eyelid injuries, and can also be a consequence of congenital shortening of the eyelids. Due to excessive lighting, this pathology can lead to damage to the cornea.

In addition, lagophthalmos causes drying of the cornea and conjunctiva, which is complicated by erosion or keratitis. In addition to treating the underlying disease, disinfecting drops and “artificial tears” are instilled into the eye. To prevent drying out and to prevent infectious lesions, antibiotic ointment, sterile petroleum jelly or sea buckthorn oil are placed in the eye at night. In severe forms of lagophthalmos, surgical intervention with partial suturing of the palpebral fissure is possible.

Blepharospasm

Blepharospasm is an involuntary contraction of the muscles of the eyelid. Most often it is associated with other eye diseases.

There are 3 types of blepharospasm:

1. protective . arising from irritation and inflammation of the anterior part of the eye, mucous membrane or skin of the eyelids;

2. essential . which is of a neurotic obsessive nature ( teak), but can also have an organic basis, for example in tetany. chorea or epilepsy;

3. senile . occurring in older people as an isolated syndrome.

Treatment of this pathology is based on eliminating the underlying disease.

Blepharochalasis

Blepharochalasis is characterized by an increase in the amount of tissue in the upper eyelid. When it gathers into folds, it hangs over the eye and interferes with vision. More often the disease occurs in young girls. Its causes have not been fully established, but the influence of vascular, endocrine and neurotic disorders is assumed. Treatment of blepharochalasis is surgical - with excision of excess tissue and plastic surgery of the upper eyelid.

Diseases of the lacrimal organs

Dacryocystitis

Dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac, which is often chronic. One of the most common eye diseases in children. The cause of dacryocystitis is narrowing or blockage of the nasolacrimal duct due to inflammation in the nasal cavity, in the paranasal sinuses or in the bones that surround the lacrimal sac. When a blockage occurs, the outflow of tear fluid is delayed, which leads to the proliferation of microorganisms that cause inflammation of the mucous membranes of the lacrimal sac.

Main symptoms of dacryocystitis

lacrimation;

swelling of the lacrimal sac;

purulent discharge from the affected eye.

Treatment of dacryocystitis consists of prescribing antibacterial therapy, washing the lacrimal ducts and pushing the lacrimal sac, which allows you to break through the obstruction in the nasolacrimal duct.

Tearing

Lacrimation or lacrimation is the excessive secretion of tear fluid. It may be associated with increased production of tear fluid or disturbances in its outflow ( see Dacryocystitis). Excess tear fluid is caused by chemical, mechanical or light irritants, as well as inflammation of the cornea or conjunctiva.

Lacrimation can also be of a reflex nature, appearing in the cold, when the mucous membranes of the nose are irritated, during strong emotional experiences, etc. In most cases, to stop lacrimation, it is enough to remove the irritating factor.

Diseases of the conjunctiva

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is an inflammatory eye disease that affects the mucous membrane and is caused in most cases by a viral or, less commonly, bacterial infection.

Acute conjunctivitis is characterized by:

pain in the eyes;

purulent or mucopurulent discharge;

swelling of the eyelids;

swelling and redness of the conjunctiva;

photophobia.

Chronic conjunctivitis manifests itself:

itching and burning in the eyes;

feeling of “sand behind the eyelids”;

lacrimation;

eye fatigue;

redness of the whites of the eyes.

Viral conjunctivitis often associated with herpes infection or adenoviral infection of the upper respiratory tract. It can occur with a common cold or sore throat. It manifests itself as lacrimation, intermittent itching, moderate blepharospasm, and scanty non-purulent discharge. In children, this disease may be accompanied by the appearance of films or follicles. Artificial tear drops and warm compresses are used to treat a viral eye disease. If the symptoms are severe, drops with corticosteroids are used. A specific antiviral drug for the treatment of viral conjunctivitis is eye drops containing interferon. If conjunctivitis is caused by the herpes virus. Acyclovir and ophthalmoferon drops are prescribed.

Bacterial conjunctivitis caused by bacteria. producing pus. One of the first symptoms is an opaque, sticky, yellowish or gray discharge from the eye, which causes the eyelids to stick together, especially after a night's sleep. However, bacteria such as chlamydia. may not cause discharge or pronounced redness of the conjunctiva. In some patients, bacterial conjunctivitis may only be manifested by the sensation of a foreign body in the eye. Bacterial conjunctivitis is also characterized by dryness of the infected eye and surrounding skin. Like viral conjunctivitis, bacterial conjunctivitis most often first affects only one eye, and then can easily spread to the second. Mild forms of bacterial conjunctivitis do not always require drug treatment and can go away on their own with strict hygiene. However, tetracycline eye ointment or antibiotic eye drops will greatly speed up the healing process.

Trachoma– a type of conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia.

Symptoms of trachoma: redness and thickening of the conjunctiva, the formation of grayish grains on it ( follicles), which consistently disintegrate and scar. In the absence of adequate treatment, this disease leads to purulent inflammation and ulceration of the cornea, entropion of the eyelids, the formation of cataracts and even blindness.

Trachoma can be transmitted through hands and objects ( scarves, towels, etc.), contaminated with secretions ( pus, mucus or tears). Usually both eyes are affected. Antibiotics and sulfonamides are used in the treatment of trachoma. With the development of trichiasis and some other complications, surgical methods are sometimes used.

Blennorea is an acute purulent conjunctivitis caused by gonococcus. One of the most common eye diseases in newborns. who become infected from a mother with gonorrhea during childbirth. Blenorrheal conjunctivitis is characterized by serous-bloody discharge, and after 3 - 4 days - profuse purulent discharge. If left untreated, corneal ulcers occur, which can result in blindness.

For any infectious conjunctivitis, you should not touch your eyes with your hands, and it is also important for patients to strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene, use only their own towel and wash their hands thoroughly to prevent infection of other family members.

Conjunctivitis caused by toxic substances. develop when chemically aggressive compounds get into the eye.

Main symptom – pain and irritation in the eye, especially when looking up or down. This is the only type of conjunctivitis that can be accompanied by severe pain.

Allergic conjunctivitis occurs upon contact with an allergen in people with hypersensitivity. With this pathology, patients experience severe itching in the eyes and watery eyes. Minor swelling of the eyelids is also common. The main method of treatment is to stop contact with the allergen. In addition, antihistamines are used in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis ( suprastin) in the form of eye drops or tablets. Drops of artificial tears also help reduce discomfort. In more complex cases, non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used.

Dry eye syndrome

Computer syndrome or “dry eye” syndrome is caused by a lack of hydration of the conjunctiva and a tense state of the visual system, which is caused by static long-term work at a computer at a fixed close distance. In this case, the frequency of blinking decreases several times, and the surface of the cornea dries out, since the tear film is renewed much less frequently.

As a result, the following symptoms occur:

burning, dryness, discomfort and pain in the eyes;

slowdown or stagnation of necessary metabolic processes in the eye structures;

fatigue and redness of the eyes;

decreased visual acuity;

sensation of a foreign body in the eyes;

headache.

The time after which the patient notices characteristic complaints is purely individual and often depends on concomitant eye diseases ( for example, myopia) or vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Prevention of computer vision syndrome includes:

mandatory breaks from work;

correct selection of glasses or contact lenses;

correct body position ( anatomical chair, distance to the monitor at least 30 cm);

special filters in the monitor and correctly selected technical characteristics;

using drops to relieve dry and tired eyes.

Diseases of the outer shell of the eye (Scleritis)

Scleritis is a group of pathologies characterized by inflammation of the sclera ( outer shell of the eye). The main reasons for the development of this disease: rheumatism. tuberculosis. brucellosis. viral infections. It often manifests itself as severe eye irritation, pain, limited swelling and redness, sometimes with a bluish tint.

When palpated, a sharp pain in the eye is noted. The occurrence of complications leads to a decrease in visual acuity.

In cases of inflammation of the superficial layer of the sclera ( episcleritis) irritation is usually less pronounced, and visual acuity does not suffer. Sometimes the process can spread to the cornea with the development of sclerokeratitis and be complicated by iridocyclitis ( inflammation of the iris), which leads to vitreous opacification, pupillary fusion and secondary glaucoma.

As the disease progresses, the inflammatory processes gradually subside, leaving behind areas of black sclera that can bulge and stretch under the influence of intraocular pressure, causing secondary complications. The process takes a very long time - over many months and sometimes years. Treatment of scleritis includes the use of antibiotics, hormonal drugs, corticosteroids and physical therapy.

Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Neuromuscular diseases

Neuromuscular diseases are characterized by dysfunction of voluntary muscles, loss or reduction of motor control, which can occur as a result of damage to the muscles themselves, or be secondary in nature - due to dysfunction of the neuromuscular junction, damage to peripheral nerves or motor neurons of the spinal cord. The clinical picture of some neuromuscular diseases may contain signs of damage to the motor nuclei of the brain stem. Lesions of other parts of the nervous system that lead to impaired motor control, in particular the pyramidal tract, according to the generally accepted definition, do not belong to neuromuscular diseases.

The most common symptoms of neuromuscular diseases are weakness, decreased muscle volume (atrophy), involuntary muscle twitching, spasms, numbness, tingling, etc. Impaired function of the neuromuscular junction can cause drooping eyelids (ptosis), double vision (diplopia), and other signs of muscle weakness that worsen as the day goes on. Some diseases may affect swallowing and even breathing.

Muscle diseases: symptoms

• Progressive muscular dystrophy is a genetic inherited muscle disease, the symptoms of which usually appear in infancy or childhood, and less often in adults. Muscle weakness gradually increases, especially noticeable in the voluntary muscles. This group includes Becker muscular dystrophy, congenital muscular dystrophy, distal muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (the most common form of muscular dystrophy in children), Emery-Dreyfus muscular dystrophy, shoulder-scapular muscular dystrophy, myotonic muscular dystrophy (the most common form of muscular dystrophy in adults), oculopharyngeal myodystrophy.
• Inflammatory myopathies - also called myositis, are based on an inflammatory process that leads to muscle weakness, the role of autoimmune disorders is emphasized in their development, and are sometimes combined with other autoimmune diseases. These include dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion body myositis.
• Mitochondrial myopathies - occur as a result of structural or biochemical defects in mitochondria. Kearns-Sayre syndrome, myoclonus epilepsy with “broken red fibers”, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy.
• Myotonia - congenital myotonia or Thomsen's disease, dystrophic myotonia, congenital paramyotonia, neuromyotonia or Isaacs disease
• Other myopathies – central core disease, myotubudular myopathy, nemaline myopathy, periodic hyperkalemic and hypokalemic paralysis, endocrine myopathies

Neuromuscular junction diseases

They cause dysfunction of the normal synaptic transmission of impulses from nerve endings to muscle fibers. The disease may be based on an autoimmune process.

• myasthenia gravis
• Lambert-Eaton syndrome
• congenital myasthenic syndrome

Peripheral nerve diseases

• Mononeuropathies - damage to one nerve, the most common cause is compression (tunnel syndromes), traumatic injuries
• Multiple mononeuropathies are multifocal lesions of peripheral nerves, usually associated with systemic or infectious diseases, paraneoplastic syndromes
• Polyneuropathies are diffuse, symmetrical lesions of peripheral nerves, usually predominant in the distal parts; sensitivity disorders are almost always present in the clinical picture. They can be acute (Guillain-Barré syndrome), chronic (chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy), acquired (toxic, diabetic, paraneoplastic) or hereditary (peroneal muscular atrophy or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Dejerine-Sottas disease, Friedreich's ataxia).
• Plexopathies are lesions of the plexuses of the upper and lower extremities (brachial and lumbosacral), the most common cause of which is traumatic or compressive effects
• Radiculopathies and polyradiculopathies - lesions of the motor or sensory spinal roots

Diseases motor neuron

A progressive degenerative disorder of motor neurons that most notably results in impaired motor control of the upper or lower extremities, as well as bulbar disorders. Most often beginning in middle age, symptoms may include weakness in the limbs, difficulty swallowing, speech, gait, weakness of the facial muscles, and muscle spasms. This group includes, in particular:

• amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• adult spinal muscular atrophy
• spinal muscular atrophy in infants or Werdnig-Hoffmann disease
• juvenile spinal muscular atrophy or Kugelberg-Welander disease
• bulbospinal muscular atrophy or Kennedy's disease

Diagnosis Diagnosed on the basis of a medical history, a thorough neurological examination, in most cases an electromyographic (EMG) study is used; when combined with a lesion of the central motor neuron or to exclude it, transcranial magnetic stimulation can be used. if hereditary forms are suspected, a DNA analysis is performed, the autoimmune nature of the process requires the determination of specific antibodies, a biopsy of a muscle area can be performed, in case of primary muscle lesions the level of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is checked, and recently ultrasound examination of muscles and peripheral nerves has also gained popularity. The diagnostic algorithm and the choice of additional studies depend on the characteristics of the clinical pattern and localization of the lesion - muscle, nerve, plexuses, roots, motor neurons.

Muscle inflammation symptoms and signs | Muscle myositis symptoms and signs

Muscle inflammation is a disease whose main symptoms are muscle weakness associated with inflammation of the striated muscles. Muscle inflammations include idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, myopathies associated with infection, and myopathies associated with exposure to drugs and toxins. Among them, the most important are the signs of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. In this article, we will look at the symptoms of muscle inflammation and the main signs of muscle inflammation in humans. In addition, we will talk about diagnosing sore muscles.

Symptoms of muscle inflammation

At the onset of symptoms of muscle inflammation, most patients note signs of malaise, general weakness, and skin lesions (with dermatomyositis). Subsequently, gradually (over several weeks) muscle inflammation is accompanied by symptoms of a progressive increase in weakness in the proximal muscle groups. In some patients with signs of muscle inflammation (children and young people), an acute onset is observed, often combined with pronounced constitutional signs (fever, weight loss, etc.) and myalgia.

A very slow (over several years) increase in muscle weakness with symptoms of muscle inflammation is observed more often in elderly patients suffering from inclusion body myositis. It is extremely rare to develop the so-called amyotrophic dermatomyositis with inflamed muscles, in which the main symptom for a very long time is a typical skin lesion. In patients with antisynthetase syndrome, early signs of muscle inflammation may include Raynaud's phenomenon, polyarthralgia, or polyarthritis and shortness of breath due to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.

Symptoms of muscle damage due to inflammation

The leading clinical sign of muscle inflammation is symmetrical weakness of the proximal muscle groups of the upper and lower extremities, as well as the muscles involved in neck flexion. This leads to difficulty getting up from a low chair, getting into transport, washing and combing your hair. With symptoms of muscle inflammation, the gait becomes awkward, hobbling, patients cannot rise without assistance and lift their head from the pillow. Inflammation of the muscles of the pharynx, larynx and esophagus leads to dysphonia, difficulty swallowing, and coughing attacks. Signs of damage to the distal muscles occur rarely (10%), are less pronounced than damage to the proximal muscles, and are detected mainly in myositis with “inclusions”. In half of the patients with symptoms of muscle inflammation, myalgia or muscle soreness on palpation, muscle swelling are possible, but muscle atrophy develops only in patients who have been suffering from polymyositis/dermatomyositis for a long time, especially in the absence of adequate therapy. Muscle hypertrophy is a characteristic feature of muscular dystrophies and is not observed in polymyositis/dermatomyositis.

Symptoms of skin damage due to muscle inflammation

A pathognomonic sign of dermatomyositis with muscle inflammation. Skin signs include an erythematous (heliotrope) rash localized on the upper eyelids, cheekbones, wings of the nose, in the nasolabial fold, in the décolleté area and on the upper back, over the elbows and knees, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints, on the scalp parts of the head. Slightly raised or flat erythematous scaly rashes localized over the joints of the fingers are called "Gottron's sign" for muscle inflammation. Characteristic skin signs observed not only with dermatomyositis, but also with polymyositis: redness, peeling and cracking of the skin of the palms (“mechanic’s or artisan’s hand”), cuticle hypertrophy, periungual erythema, telangiectasia. When capillaroscopy of vessels with inflammation of the muscles of the periungual bed, expansion and dilatation of the capillary loops are noted, more often with cross syndrome, less often with dermatomyositis. Photodermatitis and skin itching are less common.

Symptoms of joint damage due to muscle inflammation

Symptoms of joint damage often precede the development of muscle pathology due to muscle inflammation. Most often, small joints of the hands and wrist joints are involved, and less commonly, the elbow and knee joints. The lesion is bilateral, symmetrical, reminiscent of that of rheumatoid arthritis, and, as a rule, is transient; symptoms of muscle inflammation are quickly relieved by the administration of glucocorticoids. However, the development of chronic deforming arthritis with subluxation of the joints of the hands, but without erosive changes according to X-ray data, has been described.

Symptoms of calcification due to muscle inflammation

Signs of calcification occur in later stages, more often with juvenile dermatomyositis. Calcifications are localized subcutaneously or in the connective tissue around muscle fibers, often in areas of microtrauma over the elbow and knee joints, on the flexor surfaces of the fingers and buttocks.

Symptoms of lung damage due to muscle inflammation

The leading clinical sign of muscle inflammation is expiratory shortness of breath, which may be associated with damage to the diaphragmatic muscles, the development of heart failure, intercurrent pulmonary infection, and toxic lung damage associated with taking certain drugs, such as methotrexate. The development of symptoms of acute diffuse alveolitis, which comes to the fore in the clinical picture of muscle inflammation and is manifested by an unproductive cough and rapidly progressive respiratory failure, is described. More often, slow progression of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is observed, which in some patients is detected only with a special examination. In the most severe cases, aspiration pneumonia develops.

Symptoms of heart damage due to muscle inflammation

Signs of heart damage in polymyositis/dermatomyositis are asymptomatic in most cases. Sometimes, during a special examination, symptoms of rhythm and conduction disturbances (tachycardia, arrhythmia) are revealed. Congestive heart failure associated with dilated cardiomyopathy is rare. Raynaud's phenomenon is more often observed in dermatomyositis, antisynthetase syndrome and in patients with cross-polymyositis/dermatomyositis syndrome with systemic connective tissue diseases.

Signs of other vascular disorders in muscle inflammation

Infarctions of the periungual bed, petechiae, livedo reticularis (branched pattern on the skin of the extremities and trunk) have been described. Kidney damage is rarely observed, although the development of proteinuria and even nephrotic syndrome is possible. Severe myoglobinuria can lead to CORF.

Signs of muscle inflammation

Cellular immune responses are of primary importance in the pathogenesis of polymyositis/dermatomyositis. An immunopathological examination of the affected muscle reveals infiltration by T- and B-lymphocytes and macrophages that are in an activated state. In this case, T cells have cytotoxic activity against myofibrils. Signs of certain immunopathological differences have been identified between polymyositis and dermatomyositis. In dermatomyositis, CD4+-T lymphocytes, macrophages and B-lymphocytes predominate in the muscle infiltrate, and in polymyositis, cytotoxic CD8+-T lymphocytes predominate. It is assumed that with signs of dermatomyositis, a humoral immune response develops, leading to the activation of complement, affecting intramuscular microvessels, and with polymyositis, cellular cytotoxic reactions mediated by CD8+ T-lymphocytes that synthesize cytotoxic substances (perforin, granzyme) predominate. The pathogenetic significance of myositis-specific autoantibodies in muscle inflammation has not been proven.

Causes of symptoms of muscle inflammation

The causes of muscle inflammation are not precisely understood. The role of infectious factors is indirectly indicated by the more frequent onset of the disease in winter and in early spring(especially in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis), which coincides with epidemics of infections. The involvement of genetic predisposition is evidenced by the possibility of developing polymyositis/dermatomyositis in monozygotic twins and blood relatives of patients. The carriage of some major histocompatibility complex (HLA) Ags is more closely associated not with muscle inflammation itself, but with certain immune disorders, primarily with the overproduction of myositis-specific autoantibodies.

Prevalence of signs of muscle inflammation

The incidence of muscle inflammation in the population ranges from 2 to 10 cases per 1 million population per year. Depending on age, two peaks of incidence are observed: at 5-15 years (juvenile dermatomyositis) and 40-60 years. The predominant gender is female (the ratio of the number of sick women and men is 2-3:1)

Diagnosis of muscle inflammation

General blood test for muscle inflammation: characteristic features no, an increase in ESR is rarely observed, mainly with the development of systemic manifestations.

Biochemical blood tests for diagnosing sore muscles

A generally accepted indicator of skeletal muscle damage is CPK, which is increased in polymyositis/dermatomyositis and has higher sensitivity and specificity compared to other laboratory tests. An increase in CPK during muscle inflammation during various periods of the disease occurs in 95% of patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis. The concentration of CPK may increase until clinical signs of muscle inflammation and exacerbation of polymyositis/dermatomyositis appear, and its level may decrease until clinical improvement develops. Sometimes in patients, the level of CPK may be within normal limits, despite severe muscle damage according to morphological studies; in this case, the indicator does not correlate with the dynamics of clinical and morphological signs of activity. It must be borne in mind that normal CPK levels can be observed in patients with severe muscle atrophy in the later stages of the disease, at the onset of dermatomyositis and with symptoms of tumor myositis.

An increase in the CF fraction of CK is observed with signs of polymyositis/dermatomyositis in the absence of myocardial necrosis. Increased transaminase activity is not specific to skeletal muscle damage. In some patients with generalized weakness, an isolated increase in transaminases raises the suspicion of hepatitis.

Immunological diagnosis of inflamed muscles

Myositis-specific ATs include ATs to aminoacyl synthetases of transfer RNA (antisynthetase ATs), primarily ATs to histidyl tRNA synthetase (Jo-1). AT Jo-1 is detected in half of patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis, while other antisynthetase ATs are extremely rare (5%). The production of antisynthetase ATs is associated with the development of the so-called antisynthetase syndrome, characterized by an acute onset, interstitial lung damage, fever, symmetrical arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, and “mechanic's hand” skin lesions due to muscle inflammation.

Instrumental methods for determining muscle inflammation

Electromyography for the diagnosis of muscle inflammation is a sensitive but nonspecific method for diagnosing inflammatory myopathies. Typical symptoms observed in more than 90% of patients when studying proximal and paraspinal muscles include signs of pathological spontaneous activity of myofibrils (fibrillation potentials, complex repetitive discharges, etc.) during irritation and at rest, short low-amplitude polyphasic potentials during contraction. Normal electrical activity on electromyography in most cases excludes the diagnosis of polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Electromyography is a useful method for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment of muscle inflammation, especially when laboratory and clinical results are equivocal. However, electromyography data do not correlate well with clinical manifestations of muscle weakness. It is important that with steroid myopathy the same (albeit less pronounced) changes are observed as with active myositis.

Muscle biopsy with symptoms of inflammation is used to confirm the diagnosis, even in the presence of characteristic clinical, laboratory and instrumental signs of muscle inflammation. The most informative is a biopsy of a muscle involved in the pathological process, but without significant atrophy.

X-ray studies to diagnose muscle inflammation X-ray symptoms of joint inflammation are not typical. X-ray examination of the lungs often reveals signs of basal pneumosclerosis and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. High-resolution X-ray CT (X-ray CT) is considered a more sensitive method.

ECG for diagnosing signs of muscle inflammation. For early detection of prognostically unfavorable rhythm and conduction disturbances, it is advisable to conduct 24-hour ECG monitoring (Holter).

Blunt injuries are accompanied by damage to various parts of the organ of vision. In children, contusions account for up to 50% of injuries. Basically, they affect the eyeball, to a much lesser extent - auxiliary organs and the orbit.

Orbital contusions - damage to soft tissues and bone walls resulting from impact on the orbit with a blunt object with a large contact surface (stone, fist, ball) or as a result of an impact with the orbital area on hard surfaces (during a fall, traffic accidents, exposure to a shock wave, compression ). Rarely occurring mechanisms of orbital contusion may include contusions caused by a jet of air or liquid from pneumatic or hydraulic mechanisms.

Contusions of the soft tissues of the orbit are accompanied by edema, hematoma, damage to the muscles of the eyeball (hemorrhage, rupture, inflammation) and the optic nerve (compression, hemorrhage into the membranes, separation). An ophthalmological examination reveals exophthalmos, limited mobility of the eyeball, decreased visual acuity, and, less commonly, diplopia.

In all cases of contusion of the soft tissues of the orbit, the external muscles of the eyeball are affected. As a result of severe contusion, after 1–2 months, cicatricial atrophic processes can develop in the external muscles of the eye, Tenon’s capsule, and the tissue of the orbit, which are little susceptible to reverse development.

Myositis is inflammation of a muscle of various etiologies, the main manifestations of which are pain in it (myalgia) and muscle weakness. In cases of contusion of the soft tissues of the orbit, inflammation of the external muscles of the eyeball is uncommon; ultrasound scanning and CT diagnostics help establish the correct diagnosis.

We present a clinical case of long-term myositis of the internal rectus muscle of the eyeball, as a result of contusion of the soft tissues of the orbit in a 10-year-old girl.

Child Sh., born in 2002, came to the children's clinic of the UfNII GB with complaints of swelling of the eyelids, narrowing of the palpebral fissure, protrusion and redness of the eyeball on the right, double vision, limited mobility, pain when moving the eye inwards.

From the anamnesis It follows that two weeks before going to the institute, the girl received a blunt injury to her right eye - hit by a ball during a game. The following was observed: redness of the eyeball, upper eyelid, pain when moving, visual acuity did not decrease. She was examined by an ophthalmologist and prescribed disinfectant drops and ophthalmoferon. Over the next five days, swelling of the upper eyelid, narrowing of the palpebral fissure, increased redness of the inner sector of the eyeball, exophthalmos, double vision, limited inward movements, and increased pain were noted. Considering the complaints and the worsening clinical picture of the disease, the patient was referred for consultation to the Ufa Research Institute of Eye Diseases.

When contacting: from past diseases - ARVI, chicken pox, rubella. Ophthalmological history: mild myopia of the left eye. A decrease in visual acuity has been observed for the last two years, observed by an ophthalmologist at the place of residence, correction has not been prescribed.

Ophthalmological status OD: swelling of the eyelids, the palpebral fissure is significantly narrowed, pronounced exophthalmos, limited inward movement of the eyeball (with increased pain, the appearance of diplopia), injection, swelling of the conjunctiva of the inner sector of the eyeball, transparent cornea, anterior chamber of medium depth, transparent moisture, the relief of the iris is preserved, the pupil is round, of medium size, the pupil's reaction to light is lively, the lens and vitreous body are transparent. Fundus of the eye: ONH (optic disc) is pale pink, the boundaries are clear, macular reflexes are preserved, the arteries are narrowed, the veins are moderately congested, the retina is transparent. OS - no features.

Visual acuity: right eye - 1.0; left eye - 0.3 with correction sph -1.5D - 1.0. Intraocular pressure (IOP) 20.0/17.0 mmHg. Art.

Ultrasound biometry (USB): OD - 22.37 mm; 3.56 mm; 3.47 mm. OS - 23.10 mm; 3.61 mm; 3.42 mm. Autorefractometry: right eye: sph +0.25D cyl +0.5D ax 87°; left eye: sph -1.25D cyl -0.25D ax 10°. Ultrasound examination of the eyeball (A-scan): OD - the lens is in place, the vitreous body is transparent, splitting of echo signals from the fundus of the eye is detected, the retina is attached. OS - normogram. The diagnosis was made: OD - Reactive edema of the eyelids, exophthalmos. OS - mild myopia.

The child was sent for examination of the brain and orbits using computed tomography (CT) at City Clinical Hospital No. 17 in Ufa. Study protocol: A series of computed tomograms of the brain obtained images of the orbits in the axial projection. There is moderately pronounced exophthalmos on the right, an increase in the volume of the right eyelid. The eyeballs are of normal shape, the structure is not changed. No zones of altered fiber density were identified in the retrobulbar space. On the right, an increase in the volume of the internal rectus muscle of the orbit is determined.

The optic nerve is visualized along its entire length and is not changed. Conclusion: according to the CT picture, one can think of post-traumatic myositis.

Taking into account the results of a CT scan of the orbit, the diagnosis is: OD - Post-concussive myositis, exophthalmos. OS - mild myopia. Outpatient treatment was prescribed: locally - instillation of drops of dexamethasone solution 0.1% three times a day, orally - Zyrtec tablets once a day for a week, followed by reporting for control.

The next visit to the institute’s clinic was two weeks later; the child and his parents were leaving on vacation. On examination: there was no dynamics, the previous complaints and clinical manifestations of the disease remained. Inpatient treatment was suggested.

During hospitalization, the examination data: visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ultrasound biometry, refraction, ultrasound examination of the eyeball, as well as ophthalmological status were the same.

There are expert opinions: ENT. doctor - curvature of the nasal septum without impairment of respiratory function, from other ENT. there are no pathological organs; dentist - the oral cavity is sanitized; neurologist - no focal pathology was detected at the time of examination; cardiorheumatologist - no evidence of a rheumatoid process was identified; phthisio-oculist - healthy; immunologist, allergist - no pathology identified.

Received normal indicators clinical blood and urine tests, with the exception of a slight increase in blood eosinophils - up to 5.

A stool test for worm eggs is negative.

Treatment carried out: local and general antibacterial, hormonal, nonspecific anti-inflammatory therapy, angioprotectors, antihistamines, osmotherapy. Physiotherapy included alternating electrophoresis with an antibiotic plus an antihistamine and electrophoresis with corticosteroids.

The girl was discharged on the eleventh day in satisfactory condition with positive dynamics. At discharge, visual acuity of the right eye was 1.0; left eye 0.3 with sph correction -1.5D–1.0. IOP: OU - 20.0/17.0 mm Hg. OD - the upper eyelid is pasty, the palpebral fissure is of medium size, slight exophthalmos, full movement of the eyeball, light injection of the bulbar conjunctiva - the internal sector, the cornea is transparent, the anterior chamber is of medium depth, the moisture is transparent, the relief of the iris is preserved, the pupil is round up to 3 mm, the reaction to light is lively, the lens and vitreous body are transparent. Fundus of the eye: the optic disc is pale pink, the boundaries are clear, macular reflexes are preserved, the vessels are of medium caliber, the retina is transparent. OS - no features. There is no diplopia or pain when moving the eyeball.

Observation by an ophthalmologist at the place of residence, a gentle regime of visual and physical activity, local anti-inflammatory therapy, and control at the Ufa Research Institute of GB are recommended. During three months The patient was monitored dynamically. At the last examination, the child made no complaints. Objectively: OD - the eyelids are calm, the palpebral fissure is of medium size, the position of the eyeball is correct, movements are preserved in full, a slight local injection of the bulbar conjunctiva in the area of ​​the internal sector, unevenness, nodularity, compaction in the projection of the internal rectus muscle (pain on palpation and movement of the ocular apples are absent), the optical media are transparent, the fundus is without features. OS - healthy. These clinical symptoms suggest completion of the inflammatory process with the development of scar changes in the muscle.

The described clinical case deserves attention due to the rarity of myositis of the external muscles of the eyeball with contusion of the soft tissues of the orbit. The protracted course of the disease is due to untimely and incomplete examination, insufficient prescription effective treatment when you first apply for medical care, late hospitalization, which resulted in the development of a scar-atrophic process in the affected muscle, which is little susceptible to reverse development. There is a need for further observation and treatment of the patient.

Do you work in an office and spend a lot of time at the computer? You may have an unpleasant encounter with myositis!

Myositis is the general name for a group of diseases that are accompanied by the development of an inflammatory process in skeletal muscles.

The International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (abbreviated ICD-10) defines myositis as inflammation of the muscles, but it's not that simple. Myositis is included in the class “Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue,” which includes blocks M60-M63 (myositis code M60). This code hides 55 (!) varieties of the disease. Most diseases have their own causes, symptoms, localization and methods of treatment. First things first.

Causes of the disease

Myositis often accompanies professions whose representatives are forced for a long time take a static position and use the same muscle group. This is a significant factor, but far from the only one. Here's what else contributes to the development of myositis:

Symptoms of myositis

Such an insidious disease has enough direct and indirect signs:

1. aching dull pain;
2. muscle inflammation;
3. swelling and redness of the affected area;
4. increased body temperature;
5. muscle weakness (up to atrophy);
6. persistence of pain even in a calm state and after rest;
7. difficulty moving;
8. rash.

Types and localization

Firstly, when making a diagnosis, you need to answer a simple question: “Where does it hurt?” Depending on the location of pain, myositis can be:

• cervical The most common type. Most adults have experienced morning neck pain at some point;
• myositis of the chest. Accompanied by cough, difficulty breathing;
• intercostal Pain during palpation increases;
• myositis of the lumbar muscles. Accompanied by aching pain, intensifies after physical activity;
• myositis of the extremities. This is myositis of the elbow, hip, knee joint;
• myositis of the abdominal muscles. Causes pain in the peritoneum;
• ophthalmic. It impedes the activity of the muscles responsible for the movement of the eyeball.

Secondly, it is necessary to understand at what stage the disease is - chronic or acute. It matters how local the disease is and how many muscles are affected - one or several (polymyositis).

Third, the accuracy of diagnosis depends on the causes of the disease. According to its genesis, myositis can be:

Women waiting for the birth of a baby often encounter an unpleasant surprise. It can be lumbar myositis or myositis of the back muscles. There are enough reasons for the development of the disease:

• the center of gravity of the body shifts;
• the body of the expectant mother has been in a static, non-physiological position for a long time;
• ligaments relax under the influence of the hormone relaxin;
• autoimmune processes are launched in the body;
• convulsions may occur;
• the body is more susceptible to stress.

Medicine can help a pregnant woman, but before contacting a direct specialist future mom should consult a gynecologist. No self-medication, mommies! Remember that during pregnancy the use of many drugs is strictly prohibited.

Obviously, muscle myositis is a truly serious illness that can lead to complications, but there is no need to panic.

Where to start treating myositis? We need to find out which doctor is treating him. Therapist, surgeon, neurologist and rheumatologist - a team for saving muscles and joints in adults and children. Necessary tests will suggest the causes of the disease and further actions in the treatment of myositis.

Tests for myositis

Analyzes will give an idea of ​​the processes occurring in the body:

For a complete diagnosis, the patient will be sent for instrumental studies:

• biopsy. A small piece of muscle tissue is removed through a small incision and then examined under a microscope. This study is carried out in difficult cases when autoimmune myositis is suspected;
• Magnetic resonance imaging . Identifies areas damaged by disease;
• electromyography. Finds muscles that are weak and affected by myositis.

Treatment of myositis

The list of procedures that will save muscles is also quite extensive:

1. wave therapy;
2. kinesiotherapy (special gymnastic exercises);
3. oxygen therapy;
4. treatment with leeches;
5. bee treatment;
6. lymphatic drainage massage;
7. magnetic therapy;
8. manual therapy;
9. plasma therapy;
10. mud therapy.

For autoimmune myositis, treatment involves complex drug therapy, including glucocorticoid hormones, sometimes for life.

Drug treatment of myositis

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) effectively relieve pain, relieve inflammation, swelling and hyperemia of the skin. These include the following drugs and their analogues:

• • Diclofenac (Diclac, Naklofen, Dicloberl, Boltaren, Olfen, Diclobene, Feloran, Diclonat P, Optophen, Diclovit).
  • Piroxicam (Pevmador, Sanikam).
  • Ibuprofen (Nurofen, Pedea, Brufen, Advil, Tsefekon, Ibufen).
  • Haproxen (Apranax, Nalgesin, Canaprox, Haprobene, Aleve).
  • Nimesulide (Nise, Himegesic, Aulin, Nimid, Nimesil, Pemesulid, Sulaydin).
  • Aceclofenac (Aertal, Acinac).
  • Dexketoprofen (Dexalgin, Flamadex).
  • Meloxicam (Movalis, Eumoxicam, Mataren, Oxycamox, Melbec, Melox, Meoflam).
  • Pofecoccib (Denebol).
  • Celecoxib (Zicel, Celebrex).
  • Indomethacin (Metindol).

Therapy with NSAID drugs often combines taking tablets with topical agents of the same pharmaceutical group:

• • Fastum gel.
  • Diclofenac gel.
  • Dolobene gel.
  • Deepleaf.
  • Boltaren emulgel.
  • Longit.
  • Nise gel.
  • Dolaren gel.
  • Finalgel.
  • Dicloran.
  • Quickly.
  • Artozilen.
  • Indomethacin gel, etc.

Antibiotics of various classes are used to treat infectious myositis:

• • penicillins (Benzylpenicillin, Bicillin);
  • tetracyclines and cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone, Cephalexin, Tercef, Cefotoxin).

In some situations, when the symptoms of the disease are complicated by muscle spasms, doctors prescribe muscle relaxants (Sirdalud, Myokalm). Drugs in this group relax skeletal muscles, stabilize blood circulation and the system of supplying the injured area with necessary microelements.

If myositis is treated in a hospital, so-called pulse therapy can be used. During this therapy, the patient is given injections of glucocorticosteroids, and mainly prednisolone. A dose of the drug of 1-2 grams is administered over 3-5 days. This treatment has an immunosuppressive and antiallergic effect.

Treatment of myositis at home

Recipes tested by our ancestors will allow you to get rid of the unpleasant symptoms of myositis at home. The basis traditional treatment ointments for myositis include:

• • This recipe will relieve inflammation. Take dried chamomile flowers. They grind them into powder. Next, mix the vegetable raw materials with olive oil 1:1. Rub the product into the sore muscle, wrap it up and leave it until the morning.
  • Regular lard will help with myositis. You need to take 4 parts of unsalted lard and grind it with 1 part of ground horsetail. The resulting mass is thoroughly rubbed into the sore spot, and a gauze bandage with the same composition is applied at night. The area on top must be covered with cellophane film and wrapped in a warm scarf. The minimum course of treatment is seven days.
  • For muscle diseases, this natural ointment is recommended. Take one chicken yolk, grind it and add one full teaspoon of gum turpentine. Next, pour one spoon of vinegar (apple vinegar) into the mixture. Beat the mixture until it becomes a thick jelly and rub it into the sore spot.
  • Bodyaga is a good remedy for pain and inflammation in myositis. You need to prepare the following ointment: take a little cow’s butter (vegetable oil will also do) for half a teaspoon of sponge powder (you can buy it at the pharmacy). They mix. The mixture is rubbed into the muscle before bedtime only once every 5 days. Then be sure to wrap the muscle warmly and leave the composition on the skin until the morning.

Another important component in the treatment of myositis at home is a potato compress. To prepare it, you need to boil the potatoes, mash them and put the resulting mass in cheesecloth. The compress is applied to the affected area and covered with warm clothes or a blanket. Remove the compress after the potato mixture in it has completely given up its heat. The procedure is repeated for 5 days. This medicine relieves pain and neutralizes inflammation.

A general tonic and strengthening effect on the body when treating myositis at home is provided by home-made tinctures:

• • The borage is poured with boiling water and infused in a thermos for 5 hours. For 1 teaspoon of herb, take 200 milliliters of boiling water. Drink 1 dessert spoon of infusion every hour during the day. The course of treatment takes 1 month. After two weeks it should be repeated.
  • For myositis you need to drink barberry tincture. To prepare it, only the bark of the plant is taken. For 8-10 g of raw materials you will need 80-100 ml of vodka. Infuse the mixture for 8-10 days. Take tincture 30 drops 45 minutes before meals. If necessary, the course of treatment can be repeated after a month.

Bay oil will help with myositis of the cervical spine. 12 drops of this ingredient are diluted with warm water, and then some material is dipped into this composition. The resulting compress is applied to the neck slightly below the back of the head for half an hour. The compress is wrapped on top with a warm scarf or shawl.

Myositis is an all-season and all-age disease. Pain and swelling at the site of inflammation, limited mobility and pain that increases with the slightest movement are the main symptoms of myositis. If the disease strikes unexpectedly, and this is usually the case, and it is not possible to see a doctor right now, then you can use any of the traditional medicine recipes.

In addition to rubbing, compresses, applications and lotions, treatment of myositis with folk remedies involves maintaining complete rest for the inflamed muscle and, if possible, constantly keeping it warm.

Ointments and rubs for myositis

Recipes for ointments to relieve pain and inflammation during myositis are simple and effective at the same time.

1. Willow bud powder, mixed with butter in equal parts, is regularly rubbed into the inflamed area.
2. Crushed chamomile flowers (4 parts) and plums. Traditional healers recommend using butter or margarine (1 part) up to three times a day. Chamomile ointment, like willow ointment, should be stored in the cold, and before use, keep it indoors for some time until its consistency softens.
3. This recipe for folk treatment should be used with caution, as there may be an allergic reaction to turpentine. A rub made from 1 yolk, turpentine (1 tsp) and apple cider vinegar (1 tbsp) is very effective when used before bed. After the procedure, the sore spot should be covered with something warm.
4. Unsalted lard and butter in a 4:1 ratio is also a good folk treatment for myositis. After rubbing, cover the treated area with a warm, soft cloth.
5. A mixture for rubbing based on bay leaf (3 tbsp. powder) and vegetable oil (1 tbsp.) can be prepared for future use (infusion time - 10 days). When the first symptoms of the disease appear, rub the inflamed area with bay oil 2 times a day.
6. A very effective analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent - alcohol tincture of lilac: 500 g. 70% alcohol and 100 gr. dried flowers. Leave for a week in a tightly closed dark glass container so that the tincture “reaches”. After this, it can be used for myositis as rubbing.

Compresses and lotions for myositis

It is better to use folk remedies based on oil or lard at night to soothe the pain for a long time. But during the day it is recommended to apply warming compresses to reduce swelling and fight inflammation in the muscle.

1. Apply cabbage leaves, soaped with laundry soap and sprinkled with regular soda, to the problem area. Cover the top with cloth and cellophane. Secure the compress and keep it until it cools completely.
2. Small potatoes boiled in their skins should be mashed, placed on soft material and applied to the site of inflammation. The compress must be applied through several layers of fabric, and as the mashed potatoes cool, their amount must be reduced. After cooling, treat the heated area with any alcohol-containing solution (do not rub the skin!).
3. Burdock leaves scalded with boiling water, stacked on top of each other like a compress on a sore spot, are a wonderful folk remedy for relieving swelling and pain. Insulation on top is a must!
4. If you are not allergic to honey, you can use it pure or mixed with grated black radish or horseradish. Lubricate the sore spot, cover the top with polyethylene and make a warm layer of fabric. Secure the bandage. Such a compress warms up the sore muscle and relieves inflammation in it no worse than ready-made pharmaceutical ointments.

Homemade recipes for myositis for internal use

Traditional medicine is not limited only to external methods of treatment. Along with the strongest tablet drugs for myositis, you can use decoctions, infusions and tinctures of medicinal herbs.

1. A tasty and healthy drink made from honey and apple cider vinegar - take equal amounts of each and dilute in a glass of warm water. Take a whole serving 3 times a day. General strengthening and health course for 2 months with a break of 10 days.
2. This folk method is contraindicated for people suffering from allergies, gastritis and stomach ulcers!
3. Adonis herb infusion as an analgesic for myositis. 10 gr. herbs and 200 gr. boiling water Brew like regular tea for an hour. It is advisable to take 1 tablespoon three times a day 30 minutes before meals.
4. Grind the burdock root and pour boiling water over it. The infusion is prepared for a couple of hours, then strain and drink half a glass 3 times a day. The course of admission is 2 weeks.
5. Willow outside and inside - a double blow to myositis! Outside - ointment from willow buds, and inside - a decoction of willow bark. Decoction recipe: 1 part bark powder and 20 parts regular vodka. In order for the alcohol to evaporate, you need to boil the mixture in a water bath for half an hour. Then strain the cooled broth through cheesecloth in several layers. The recommended regimen for taking folk medicine is up to 4 times a day, 1-2 tbsp. spoons.

All these methods of folk treatment are good and, of course, very effective. But they give only temporary results - they only relieve acute manifestations of myositis, relieving pain and inflammation. To increase the effectiveness of treatment, the following conditions must be met:

• avoid hypothermia and drafts;
• limit motor activity to a minimum;
• keep the inflamed area warm at all times;
• strictly follow the recommendations for taking medications of traditional and traditional medicine;
• carry out therapeutic measures in combination - use both external and internal means;
• During treatment, avoid alcohol, spicy, salty and fatty foods;
• Include dairy products and fruits and vegetables in your diet.

If treatment with folk remedies is ineffective or symptoms increase, you should immediately consult a doctor - it is possible that the inflammatory process has deepened or affected neighboring muscle tissue.

Video with instructions for preparing a universal anesthetic ointment:

As with other inflammatory diseases, when preventing myositis, you need to pay attention to your lifestyle, immunity, the presence of foci of chronic infection in the body and nutrition.

Lifestyle - active or sedentary - in people who spend a long time in a monotonous position, blood circulation in the tissues, including muscles, is disrupted.

Immunity - its weakening implies frequent respiratory and viral diseases, which leads to the development of complications (diseases of the joints, muscles).

Foci of chronic infection - the migration of viruses and bacteria through the bloodstream is the main cause of severe inflammatory processes in the body. With a “successful” set of circumstances, the virus will immediately show itself in all its glory.

Nutrition - a complete and balanced daily diet ensures the normalization of the functioning of all organs and systems of the human body, improves performance and improves mood.

And most importantly, it is a positive attitude in life! A cheerful and happy person almost never gets sick, and if he gets sick, he will get better very soon.

Good health to you, Have a good mood and prosperity!

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Irina – 06/15/2015 – 14:53

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Neuralgia under the scapula is not an independent disease, but a symptom of a certain pathological process in the body. An unpleasant condition occurs due to muscle spasm, damage or pinching of peripheral nerves.

In most cases this occurs due to injury, inactivity or illness. internal organs. Pain is present during the day and at night, limiting physical activity sick. An examination by a specialist and an integrated approach to treatment will help get rid of neuralgia.

Causes

Pain in the shoulder blades indicates disorders in the body. Diseases of the organs and systems of the body lead to paroxysmal pain under the shoulder blade.

In older age, a common cause painful sensations in the back area there is osteochondrosis.

There are many reasons that cause discomfort in the shoulder blades:

• damage to the spinal cord or peripheral nerves;
• protrusion of the wall of the intervertebral disc (protrusion);
• intervertebral hernia;
• spinal or thoracic injuries;
• inflammation of the neck, chest or back muscles (myositis);
• diseases of the respiratory system (tuberculosis, pneumonia, pleurisy);
• diseases of the liver, kidneys, pancreas (pancreatitis);
• cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder);
• disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum);
• shingles;
• ischemic disease hearts;
• benign or malignant formations in the spine;
• psychological problems.

Neuralgia under the scapula may indicate inflammation of the scapular nerve. In addition, the symptom often indicates a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, or hypothermia.

Nature of pain

To determine why pain occurs between the shoulder blades, you need to evaluate the characteristics and frequency of sensations. Interscapular neuralgia is characterized by sudden shooting pains that radiate to or above the shoulder blades. When the chest is filled with air, the pain appears suddenly and is felt stronger than when exhaling. Other features of pain can be identified depending on the disease:

1. Gallbladder, liver and kidneys. With spasm or inflammatory processes in these organs, the pain occurs sharp, cutting and tearing. In case of blockage of the gallbladder, an unpleasant feeling radiates to the right hypochondrium, shoulder blade, neck, eyes and jaw. Inflammation of the kidneys is characterized by constant pain in the lumbar region.
2. Coronary heart disease, diseases of the spine, spinal cord and gastrointestinal diseases. The pain is paroxysmal in nature. Most often, sensations occur on one side of the shoulder blade. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are characterized by seasonality and increasing pain. Intercostal neuralgia and coronary heart disease are accompanied by tingling and numbness.
3. Injuries. Pain increases during movements. Injuries that occurred within the last 7 days must be taken into account. Injuries are accompanied by swelling and edema.
4. Psychological problems. Sensations in the area of ​​the shoulder blades may be sharp or muted. The pain may spread to the lower abdomen, collarbone, neck or arm.
5. Shingles. Pain syndrome appears in the area of ​​the shoulder blades and ribs. The excruciating pain intensifies at night.
6. Myositis. Pain sensations spread to areas of the neck muscles, shoulders and shoulder blades. May radiate to the left shoulder blade or sternum. Unable to take a deep breath.

If an unpleasant symptom occurs in the center of the chest, then the pathology is associated with the vertebrae in the thoracic region. With pathology of the pancreas, pain is present in the abdominal area and radiates under the shoulder blade. The sensations intensify every day.

Features of treatment

Depending on the pathology, the doctor is obliged to choose the right treatment. It is aimed at eliminating the underlying cause and prescribing appropriate medications. Additionally, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed to relieve pain. Ointment with diclofenac or ketoprofen is used as a local anesthetic.

To strengthen the body, calcium and B vitamins are prescribed. Medicines that weaken muscle tone (muscle relaxants) will help reduce muscle spasms in the area of ​​the shoulder blades. A rehabilitation course is carried out to eliminate neuralgia:

• physiotherapeutic procedures;
• movement therapy (kinesitherapy);
• laser use;
• acupuncture;
• massage.

The use of folk remedies will help relieve discomfort. In some cases, it is possible to eliminate neuralgic pain forever. Apply compresses from burdock leaves, black radish juice, and flax seeds. Use ointments based on bee or snake venom. Baths with essential oils, sage infusion, and valerian root decoction are effective.

Preventive measures

To prevent neuralgia under the scapula, it is important to learn to listen to the signals of the body. For prevention purposes, it is recommended to adhere to certain rules:

• avoid hypothermia;
• give moderate stress to the muscles;
• monitor your posture in any position;
• do gymnastics regularly;
• adjust your diet.

Warm-up can be done in the morning and evening for 20-30 minutes. Swimming is suitable for these purposes. Those who are accustomed to heavy physical activity need to learn to take breaks for rest. This will help avoid pinched nerve endings and muscle inflammation.

Igor Petrovich Vlasov

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Uveitis is a whole group of eye diseases that are characterized by inflammation of the eye, or more precisely, the uveal tract. With this disease, you need to consult a doctor as soon as possible, because in most cases it ends in blindness.

Classification

Ocular uveitis can be divided according to anatomical principles. It depends on which part of the choroid is inflamed. The following types of uveitis exist:

• Anterior uveitis, which is called iridocyclitis.
• Peripheral uveitis.
• Posterior uveitis, in which the retina and optic nerve are involved.
• Inflammation of the entire choroid.

Only an experienced ophthalmologist can determine which form of the disease a person suffers from, after a thorough examination of the patient and questioning. In addition, the correct and only correct treatment can also be prescribed only by an experienced doctor, and not by a neighbor on the site who “once suffered the same disease” or a friend who knows everything.

Causes

In most cases, infectious uveitis occurs; this is approximately half of all diagnoses. In this case, infectious agents most often are mycobacterium tuberculosis, streptococci, treponema pallidum, cytomegalovirus, herpes and fungi. Typically, the infection enters the eye through blood vessels.

There is another common reason inflammation of the choroid of the eye. This is an allergic reaction to foods, medications, serums, and an allergy to plant pollen. But eye inflammation can often occur in many diseases of the organs and systems of the body. For example, you can sometimes find uveitis in rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, ulcerative colitis.

This disease can also manifest itself after an eye injury, for example, after a burn of the cornea, contusion of the eyeball, or foreign bodies entering the eye. And, of course, this type of inflammation often occurs during menopause and diabetes.

How does the disease manifest itself?

Symptoms of uveitis can be very different and they depend on where exactly the inflammation is localized. In its acute form, anterior uveitis occurs with pain, redness and severe irritation of the eyes, lacrimation and blurred vision. Intraocular pressure often increases. In the chronic form of the disease, it has no symptoms and proceeds completely unnoticed by the patient.

If peripheral inflammation develops, then the process occurs in both eyes. The patient notes a severe decrease in vision and blurred vision. But the most severe stage is widespread iridocyclochoroiditis, which occurs against the background of sepsis.

Complications

If the disease is not treated or you do not see a doctor in a timely manner, the disease can lead to very serious complications, some of which simply cannot be cured. Therefore, at the first signs of illness, you should immediately consult a doctor who will prescribe the correct treatment to help cope with the disease. What are the most common complications? This:

1. Glaucoma.
2. Cataract.
3. Keratopathy.
4. Decreased visual acuity.
5. Complete loss of vision.
6. Cataract.
7. Retinal hemorrhages.
8. Neuritis.
9. Corneal degeneration.

Correct therapy

Treatment of uveitis should be carried out not only by an ophthalmologist, but also by other specialists, especially if the disease is the result of another illness. If the disease is caused by microbes, then it is worth starting eye treatment with the use of antimicrobial drugs, which will be prescribed by a specialist after examination and confirmation of the diagnosis. For allergies, antihistamines are required. But before starting treatment, it is imperative to find out the cause of the disease.

If, with uveitis, symptoms of fusion between the iris and the lens appear, then in treatment it is necessary to use such agents as tropicamide, cyclopentol, phenylephrine, atropine. Steroid drugs help relieve the inflammatory process, but they should be used only after a doctor’s prescription. If there is no visible effect from them, then treatment is continued with immunosuppressive drugs.

If any complications arise, surgery may be necessary. This is especially true for glaucoma, cataracts or retinal detachment. If the eye cannot be saved, surgery is performed to remove it. But if treatment is started on time and carried out correctly, the disease completely disappears after 3 weeks, and in more severe cases - after 6 weeks.

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